The main botanical garden of Vladykino. Where is the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences? A photo. The greenhouses are open every day except Monday

Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1939), VASKhNIL (1938; vice-president in 1938-1948). Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978); Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1978) and the Stalin Prize of the second degree (1943).

Biography

Born December 18, 1898 in Saratov. Coming from a poor peasant family, as a teenager he worked at a factory in Saratov.

During the years of the civil war, Nikolai Vasilievich was a military commissar, defending the Soviet Republic with weapons in his hands. Soviet authority paved the way for education for young workers. He studied at the workers' faculty, and then at the Saratov Agricultural Institute.

Graduated from the Saratov Institute Agriculture and land reclamation (1927).

After graduation, he worked at the Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station. Communication with such outstanding breeders as N. G. Meister, A. P. Shekhurdin, P. N. Konstantinov, determined further direction work of a young scientist. From the very beginning, he was interested in the problem of creating more productive varieties of the main food crop - wheat - based on distant hybridization. While working as an agronomist at one of the departments of the Gigant grain farm in the Salsky district of the Rostov region, Tsitsin crossed wheat with wheatgrass and for the first time received a wheat-couch grass hybrid, which was the beginning of his work in this direction. He widely involved in crossing wild and cultivated plants that had gone through independent evolutionary paths that determined their genetic isolation. Research carried out by scientists in this direction has made it possible to create new varieties of plants.

In 1931-1937 he was the head of the laboratory of wheat-couch grass hybrids organized by him, in 1938-1948 he was the chairman of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops under the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, in 1940-1957 he was the head of the laboratory of distant hybridization of the USSR Academy of Sciences, since 1945 he was the director of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Chairman of the Board of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The main works are devoted to the distant hybridization of plants. From crossing wheat with wheatgrass the new kind wheat (Triticum agropynotriticum). Author of varieties of wheat-couch grass hybrids. Honorary member of a number of academies of socialist countries. President (1958-1970) and Vice-President (since 1970) of the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Ties.

Member of the CPSU (b) since 1938. Delegate of the XXth Congress of the CPSU. MP Supreme Council USSR of the 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations.

Scientific works

• - Chief Editor

Awards and prizes

• Stalin Prize of the second degree (1943).
• Lenin Prize (1978)
• Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978).
• He was awarded five orders of Lenin (according to other sources - seven orders), the order October revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as medals.

Perpetuating the memory of N.V. Tsitsina

Memorial plaque to Academician N.V. Tsitsinu installed on the House on the embankment

Memorial plaque to Academician N.V. Tsitsinu is installed at the main building of the Botanical Garden. N. V. Tsitsina RAS

The Botanical Garden is a forested area in the north-east of Moscow, a favorite place for pensioners, rollerbladers and cyclists. People come here for a walk, as a rule, residents of nearby areas - SAO and SVAO. But there is something to see here, and the place is worth it to come here on purpose and from other parts of the capital.

The Botanical Garden was founded in 1945 on the site of preserved natural forests, such as the Ostankinsky and Leonovsky forests. According to official sources, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich hunted here (remember the palace in Kolomenskoye?), the father of Peter I.

If you are not a botanist biologist, and you can hardly tell a birch from an aspen, then at first glance the Botanical Garden will seem to you an ordinary forest park, of which there are not so few in Moscow. True, the area of ​​the park is comparable to Sokolniki Square, but here the forest is wilder and denser, and there are fewer asphalt paths.

The first feeling from the Botanical Garden is that no one specially planted anything here, but everything grew by itself, everything is so natural and organic. Only after a certain time spent here, you begin to understand that the naturalness of the park is actually thought out to the smallest detail and is the result of the painstaking work of caring hands. And most importantly - it's just beautiful and quiet here, it becomes especially relevant when the noise and dust of the city bothers you. The only thing that reminds you of where you are is the point.

For silence and beauty, you will have to fork out a little - the entrance to the park is paid, though only from April 29 to mid-October. In April and October, access to the garden is free. Although, according to official information, it is closed for landing work, I personally was there in April, and there were many visitors. But in winter, the garden definitely does not work, and this is a little sad, because there you could build excellent snowmen or go skiing or sledding with children.

Ticket price to visit the Botanical Garden - 50 rubles. for pedestrians and 100 for cyclists, the cost of tickets for schoolchildren and students is 30 rubles, pensioners are not charged. With cyclists and roller skaters, the story is not clear. The official website of the Botanical Garden says that rollerblading and cycling are prohibited in the park. At the same time, they are allowed in, and even the cost of the entrance ticket has been set.

If you don't like to wander aimlessly looking at unfamiliar tree species, you can book an excursion. To do this, you need to gather a group of like-minded people and agree with the administration. The cost of the tour, depending on the direction - from 100 to 200 rubles. per person, for foreigners - 250 rubles.

Conventionally, the garden can be divided into several zones according to the regions in which the flora of the Caucasus is represented, Central Asia, Far East, Siberia. The park also includes a rose garden. Last summer, it was rebuilt and remodeled, so I never managed to admire the roses.

The park has a greenhouse, a glass building as high as a ten-story building. Inside it, through the glass, you can see huge palm trees, some beautiful tropical flowers of bright colors. But, as far as I know, you can only get inside with a guided tour, the entrance is closed for individual visitors, so it remains to be content with peeping from the street.

A very popular place in the park - Japanese garden. Entrance here is paid, 100-150 rubles. At the very beginning of May, you can see the cherry blossoms here. Flowering lasts only two or three days, and these days there is usually a rush in the Japanese Garden - there are many both professional photographers and just amateurs. In general, photographers have chosen the Japanese Garden. Most likely, that is why the administration has so high prices for professional photography. So be careful, if employees see you, for example, a tripod, they may ask you to pay. In general, everything here is quite strict - you can’t sit on the lawns, on the stones too.

There are several water bodies in the park. Swimming and fishing are prohibited here - you can only admire the water. One of the reservoirs is located near the main entrance opposite the Laboratory building, the other is on the border with the territory of the All-Russian Exhibition Center. There are also several small streams and ponds.

The main paths of the park are paved, there are also many dirt paths, which, by the way, are much more deserted, so if you want to find a secluded corner for a romantic date, turn onto the path. There are signs at every intersection in the park, so only those suffering from topographical cretinism can get lost here.

There are always a lot of people on the main paths of the park. If the weather is good, then this happens not only on weekends, but also on weekdays. Therefore, the benches along them are almost always occupied. Many, contrary to the instructions of the Rules, are located directly on the lawns - I have never seen them kicked out. In general, the audience here is mostly intelligent, everywhere is very clean and tidy, there is almost no garbage.

In the Botanical Garden, for the first time in my life, I saw how snowdrops grow, maybe you will discover something new and unusual here.

How to get from the metro:

Main Botanical Garden them. N.V. Tsitsina is located 5 minutes walk from Vladykino metro station. You can also get here from the VDNKh metro station by buses 24, 85, 803 and trolleybuses 9, 36.73. You can also get to the Botanical Garden from the metro station of the same name, but this is not very convenient - you have to travel far. In general, there are several entrances to the park: at the Vladykino metro station, from the side of Botanicheskaya street, from the side behind the Cosmos pavilion, and there is also an entrance from Komarov street. The park is large, so there are many entrances (see the map below).

December 17, 1968 For great services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth, Tsitsin Nikolai Vasilyevich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

Nikolai Vasilyevich was a delegate to the XX Congress of the CPSU, a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations. In addition, Tsitsin was an honorary foreign member of eight foreign academies. He was elected president, chairman, member of a number of domestic and foreign scientific organizations. He led the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations. He has published more than 700 scientific papers, including 46 books and brochures. He has eight copyright certificates for inventions. Many works have been published abroad.

Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. December 15, 1978 For great services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with the 80th anniversary of his birth, Nikolai Tsitsin was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".

Prominent scientist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin died July 17, 1980 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery of the capital.

Nikolay Tsitsin's awards

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978)

Seven Orders of Lenin

Order of the October Revolution (12/18/1973)

Order of the Red Banner of Labor (11/16/1939)

Medal "For Military Merit" (28.10.1967)

Lenin Prize (1978)

Stalin Prize of the second degree (1943)

Order of Agricultural Merit (France, 1959)

The memory of Nikolai Tsitsin

In Saratov, in the park on Rakhova Street, a bust was erected

Commemorative plaque on the House on the embankment in Moscow

Memorial plaque at the main building of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS in Moscow

The main botanical garden of the country bears the name of its founder: Tsitsina.

17.07.1980

Tsitsin Nikolay Vasilievich

Russian Scientist

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor

Nikolai Tsitsin was born on December 18, 1898 in the city of Saratov. The boy grew up in a poor peasant family. Having lost his father, due to the difficult financial situation, the mother gave her son to an orphanage. Kolya stayed there until 1912 and received his primary education, and then, in order to earn a living, he mastered many professions.

In the years civil war Tsitsin joined the ranks of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army and soon became a military commissar, and since 1920 he was the head of the cultural department and a member of the provincial communications committee in Saratov.

At the same time, Tsitsin continued his education: first he studied at the school of working youth, and then entered the agronomic faculty of the Saratov Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, from which he graduated in 1927. Having received a diploma, he got a job at the Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station at the All-Union Institute of Grain Economy. It was this work and communication with famous breeders: Georgy Meister, Alexei Shekhurdin and Pyotr Konstantinov that determined the further scope of Nikolai Vasilievich's activity.

From the very beginning, the young scientist was interested in the problem of creating, on the basis of distant hybridization, more productive varieties of the country's main food crop: wheat. Research carried out by him when crossing wild and cultivated plants made it possible to create new varieties of plants with higher yields. Already then its fruitful scientific work Tsitsin, as well as all subsequent life, successfully combined with public-organizational and state activities.

In 1932, he headed the laboratory of wheat-couch grass hybrids organized by him in Omsk, later reorganized into the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Economy. In 1938, Tsitsin was appointed director of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow, in the creation and operation of which he invested a lot of effort.

Nikolai Vasilyevich in the 1940s headed the Institute of Grain Economy in the Central Regions of the Non-Chernozem Zone. He was the chairman of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops under the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR and vice-president of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the USSR.

Under his leadership, on April 14, 1945, the Main Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR was created, where he remained the permanent leader until the end of his life. Thanks to the efforts of Tsitsin, this botanical garden has become a methodological and coordinating center for scientific research conducted by all other botanical gardens in our country.

In subsequent years, Nikolai Vasilyevich was also chairman of the board of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR Academy of Sciences and president and vice-president of the International Association of Botanical Gardens. At the same time, he continued his scientific work, being the head of the laboratory of distant hybridization of the Academy of Sciences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the laboratory of wheat-couch grass hybrids of the Institute of Grain Economy of the Non-Chernozem Belt. The main works and researches of the scientist are devoted to distant hybridization of plants and are aimed at the development of Michurin's ideas in this area.

Tsitsin theoretically substantiated and practically proved the possibility of obtaining perennial wheat, his wheat-couch grass hybrids were especially widespread, which led to a significant increase in productivity. He also contributed to the development scientific foundations acclimatization of plants and organization of introduction work in the country. many conclusions and scientific developments scientist and today are widely used by breeders.

On the site of the Ostankino estate (originally Ostashkovo) 400 years ago there were dense forests in which a few villages were scattered. In these places, the royal huntsmen hunted elks and bears. The first written mention of the village and its owner dates back to 1558, when Ivan the Terrible granted the land to a serviceman Alexei Satin, who was executed by him during the years of oprichina. The new owner of the estate was famous diplomat, clerk of the embassy order Vasily Shchelkanov. Under him, a boyar house, a wooden church of the Trinity, were rebuilt in Ostankino, a large pond was dug, and an oak grove was planted. After the time of troubles, the devastated estate was restored by the new owners - the princes Cherkassky, who built on the site of the burnt wooden church the stone temple of the Trinity that has survived to this day.

Since 1743, Ostankino has been associated with the Sheremetevs. In this year, Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev married Princess Varvara Alekseevna Cherkasskaya, who received 24 estates as a dowry, among them Ostankino. Later, their son, an enlightened man, a diligent owner, Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev, becomes the owner of the Ostankino oak forest rich in birds and game. He forbade hunting, logging, grazing, picking mushrooms, berries and nuts in the oak forest, and wrote to his manager like this: "Walkers in the grove should not be allowed, but rather shooters and mushroom pickers."

In 1861, after the abolition of serfdom, many peasants near Moscow abandoned their allotments and went to work in Moscow. AT late XIX century, care for forest plantations deteriorated, and later the sale of land for plots for summer cottages began, then a significant part of the forest was cut down, unregulated grazing began, the destruction of birds and game. After 1917, a law was passed on the prohibition of felling of primary forests in the forest-park zone of Moscow, which was strictly carried out even during the war, which made it possible to preserve the Ostankino oak forest until 1945 and later.

The central part of the Main Botanical Garden is a unique protected area of ​​50 hectares. Free access here is closed, logging is completely stopped. This is a well-preserved oak grove with royal oaks, average age which is 150 - 170 years old, although there are older specimens - up to 200-300 years old. Occasionally, individual birch, linden, spruce, aspen, maple and mountain ash come across here. Under the canopy of trees - dense thickets of hazel, honeysuckle, buckthorn, euonymus. Below is a green carpet of herbs: tender anemone, bluish-pink lungwort, evergreen greenfinch, fragrant lily of the valley, graceful chickweed, strict hairy sedge. All these plants are typical elements of a natural oak forest. They owe their magnificent development to the reserved regime of the oak grove. This mode allows you to conduct an ecological experiment - an analysis of the life of the forest in the center of a huge city. Now the protected oak forest can rightly be considered the standard of a typical Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All expositions and collections of the Garden fit into natural forest plantations with oak and birch forests. There are birch forests with forbs, where creeping tenacity grows ( Ajuga reptans), ordinary cuff ( Alchemilla vulgaris), May lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis), spring chistyak ( Ficaria Verna), hard-leaved chickweed ( Stellaria holostea), dog violet ( Viola canina). In summer, typical meadow grasses appear here: cocksfoot ( Dactylis glomerata), thin bent ( Agrostis tenuis), meadow foxtail ( Alopecurus pratensis), meadow timothy grass ( Phleum pratense), common fragrant spikelet ( Anthoxanthum odoratum), medium shaker ( Briza media), bluegrass forest ( Poa nemoralis), red fescue ( Festuca rubra), etc. At the very height of summer, the herbage of the birch forest is colored with white cornflower ( Leucanthemum vulgare) , purple flowers of marsh geranium ( Geranium palustre) and forest geranium (G. silvaticum); pharmacy letters ( Betonica officinalis), Phrygian cornflower ( Centaurea phrygia); hawksbill ( Hieracium umbellatum) and hairy hawkweed ( Hieracium pilosella), Hypericum perforatum ( Hypericum perforatum) and etc.

Passing through the birch forest along the alley towards the Stock greenhouse, in the forest you can see Scotch pine ( Pinus sylvestris) - usually these are the remains of plantings near former summer cottages. At the Stock Greenhouse, you can turn left and go through the clearing deep into the forest towards VDNKh. Then you find yourself in the world of broad-leaved forest in the Ostankino oak forest, which existed on the spurs of the Klin-Dmitrov ridge even 850 years ago. The oak forest is represented by a disturbed grassy oak forest; disturbed - sedge and snot-sedge; as well as indigenous oak groves - zelenchukova and lungwort. May is the most cheerful and spectacular month in the life of the Ostankino oak forest and the Garden, when bushes and trees bloom, nightingales sing, the air is full of indescribable forest aromas, and it is hard to imagine that all this is happening in a large metropolis, in Moscow.

The modern Botanical Garden covers an area of ​​more than 331 hectares. Its unique collection funds include more than 18 thousand species and varieties of plants. In 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin (1898-1980), an outstanding botanist, geneticist and breeder, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, who led the Garden from the day of its foundation for 35 years.

When the Garden was created in 1945, one of the most important tasks was to set up open and closed ground expositions in order to more fully represent the various elements of the plant world. To show vegetation Soviet Union A department of the natural flora of the USSR was created, which had such botanical and geographical expositions: the European part of the USSR, the Caucasus, Siberia, the Far East and Central Asia. In these areas, various conditions were created for plants, sand or stones were added, hills, streams and ponds were built. All plants were planted not in plots, but in curtains, counting on the creation of more or less natural combinations. An introduction nursery existed to test new plant species.

Modern expositions of the Flora Department have been partially renamed and show the vegetation of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia and the Far East, as well as wild useful plants. Plants of tundra, dark coniferous, light coniferous, coniferous-deciduous forests, meadows, steppes and deserts are represented on an area of ​​30 hectares. When creating these collections, from the first years of the organization of the Garden, a wide attraction of plants from nature began. Every year, starting from 1946, expeditionary detachments were sent to various botanical and geographical regions: Siberia, the Far East, the mountainous regions of Central Asia and the Caucasus. By the hands of several generations of employees of the GBS RAS, perennial plantations with a tree canopy, undergrowth and grass cover have been created. More than 5.7 thousand plant species have been tested in the department of natural flora for 70 years. Particular attention was paid to the collection and cultivation of rare and endangered species. Throughout the years of the Garden's existence, the floristic composition of the expositions, the age of woody and herbaceous species have noticeably changed. The maximum diversity of plants was noted in 1990, when the collections of the Flora Department included almost 3 thousand species. Unfortunately, at present only half of this diversity remains. All expositions are open to the public and are a place of recreation for the population. You can get acquainted with plants of natural flora from early spring to late autumn.

It was created in the early 1950s and occupies a plot of 0.7 hectares. All herbaceous perennials are planted in clumps of arbitrary shape. In addition, there are trees and several groups of shrubs. When arranging this exposition, V.N. Voroshilov developed a convenient and very logical classification of useful plants into sections depending on the field of application. The first section is medicinal, insecticidal and essential oil plants that have a physiological effect on the functions of the human and animal body or have toxic properties. The second section presents technical plants, among which there are dyeing, tanning and fibrous plants that were previously used or are now used in various industries. The third section includes melliferous and fodder plants that serve as food for domestic animals: hay, pasture, silage. The fourth section - food plants - includes species that serve to maintain the vital activity of the human body - spicy, flavoring, tincture, tea and vitamin.

Exposition of flora of Eastern Europe covers an area of ​​5.7 hectares. Her collection contains about 300 plant species, including 20 tree species, ~ 30 shrub species and > 200 herbaceous plant species, some of which were brought from the Carpathians.

Exposition of plants of Central Asia with an area of ​​~ 1.6 ha - the oldest in the department of flora, because it was originally founded in the late 1930s by M.V. Kultiasov on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences on Sparrow Hills. In 1946, this collection was moved to the department of flora (in Ostankino), but it was opened for visitors in 1953. Botanical and geographical areas have been created here, reflecting the main types of vegetation cover in Central Asia. The mountain relief is formed from tertiary clay taken out during the construction of the Moscow metro tunnels. This clay is chemical properties close to the Central Asian loesses. A layer of tertiary clay was poured on the desert site, which was then sprinkled with sand and humus. In addition, there are plants of tugai, mountain forests (juniper forests, broad-leaved and coniferous forests), subalpine and alpine meadows, steppes and rocky slopes. Over the 70 years of the existence of this exposition, more than 1 thousand species have passed the introduction test. Currently, there are about 150 species here, of which 22 species of trees, 44 species of shrubs, 67 species of perennials and 4 species of annuals, among them 29 species are rare and endangered plants. You can see all the parts of the exposition of Central Asia from the top of the hill: the area of ​​desert plants and tugai is clearly visible in the distance against the background of the Caucasian hill, below the juniper forest is in an open area between dirt paths, to the right under the mountain is a spruce forest, and bushes of the middle zone grow right and left of it mountains and plants of deciduous forests.

Exposition of Siberian flora covers an area of ​​4.5 hectares, where ~ 200 plant species from 59 families and 176 genera are collected. Among these plants, 18 species of trees, 33 species of shrubs, and 50 species are rare and endangered in nature.

Very interesting uhexposition of vegetation of the Far East. It is the largest in the flora department in terms of area (8.5 ha) and is represented by almost 400 plant species, many of which are rare.

The GBS RAS preserves valuable collections of more than 1,700 tree and shrub species and varieties collected in an arboretum spread over an area of ​​75 hectares. The arboretum is built as a landscape park, where plants are planted in a systematic way. This part of the garden is very beautiful from spring to autumn, it is unique even on winter days, when conifers are covered with white fluffy snow caps. You go and the spirit captures from such beauty!!!

In 1994, an exposition was created in the arboretum, where 7 types of erica, 18 varieties of heather were brought from Germany. This 350 sq. m, located near the Laboratory building, it is decorated with rhododendrons, barberries, spireas and conifers.

The pearl of the Garden and a vivid example of the perfection of oriental landscape architecture should be considered the exposition "Japanese garden", equipped on an area of ​​2.7 hectares in 1983-1987 with the support of the Japanese Embassy in Moscow. From the island of Hokkaido, wonderful sakuras were brought to the GBS RAS, the flowering of which annually fascinates thousands of Muscovites and guests of the capital. More than a hundred decorative species of trees, shrubs and herbs are picturesquely placed around a pond with islands, next to pavilions and a stone pagoda built in the 18th century in Japan.

Very colorful collections of ornamental and flower plants, in which more than 5.5 thousand taxa are collected. But the exposition occupying an area of ​​2.5 hectares is especially interesting. It has been completely restored and already today demonstrates the most winter-hardy and disease-resistant varieties of roses. In the department of cultivated plants, more than 2 thousand varieties and forms of fruit and berry crops, essential oil and medicinal plants belonging to 700 species are represented in 10 sites.

The greenhouse collections are priceless, including unique species of subtropical and tropical flora. In total, more than 5.7 thousand species and forms of heat-loving plants brought from Vietnam, Madagascar, Cuba, Brazil, various countries of Africa, etc. have been collected in the GBS RAS for 70 years. Among them, 100 species are included in the International Red Book. Since 1955, GBS RAS has been conducting an international seed exchange with 131 botanical gardens in 30 countries of the world. The Herbarium operates in the Garden, where invaluable scientific material is collected, which is so necessary for researchers of botanical science.

GBS RAS is a unique scientific institution where scientists conduct fundamental and applied research in the field of botany and conservation environment. Enlightening and educational work is being carried out here, showing the richness and diversity of the flora of Russia and various regions of the Earth.

The staff and the Administration of the Garden are worthily celebrating their 70th Anniversary and are setting themselves new and complex tasks aimed at the prosperity of domestic science and the creation of a comfortable place of rest for Muscovites and guests of the capital.

Vinogradova Yu.K.and etc. Plants of natural flora in the Main Botanical Garden: GBS RAS. M: GEOS, 2008. 208 p.

Trulevich N.V.and etc. Botanical and geographical expositions of plants of natural flora. M: GEOS. 2007. 226 p.

Demidov A.S. and etc. The main botanical garden named after N.V. Tsitsina - a museum of wildlife. M.: GEOS, 2007. 64 p.

Photo: Alla Kuklina, Ekaterina Bulygina

The country named after N. V. Tsitsin is considered the largest in our country and Europe. He celebrated his 70th birthday last summer.

Story

The historical past of the botanical garden is complex and rich. The date of creation recorded in the documents is 1945. This year, on the lands located on the territory of the Ostankino Park, it was decided to organize a new botanical garden.

For 400 years on the territory of the Ostankino estate there were impenetrable forests, in which scattered villages were located. The same places were intended for hunting for moose and bears by the royal rangers. Since 1558, this land, which was granted to Satin Alexei Ivan the Terrible, has changed many owners.

Since 1743, Ostankino passed into the hands of the Sheremetevs through the marriage of Pyotr Borisovich to Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. After all, the future wife received a lot of land as a dowry, including this estate. After a while, their son Nikolai Sheremetyev will take care of the protection of this unique place. He introduces a ban on grazing, hunting, picking berries, mushrooms, and will require the manager not to let “walkers” into the oak forest.

The end of the 19th century was marked by deforestation, unregulated grazing, uncontrolled destruction of wild animals and birds.

After the revolution, laws were passed banning the felling of native forest park plantations, which were strictly carried out even in difficult times. war time, which saved the Ostankino estate.

garden plants

Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, especially its central part, - reserved unique area of ​​the forest zone. There is no free access to the oak forest, its oaks are on average about 160 years old, although there are unique specimens that are up to 300 years old. There are birches, maples, spruces, aspens, mountain ash, etc. The crowns of trees hide huge bushes: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, euonymus. Under them is a grassy carpet of tender anemone, lungwort, fragrant lily of the valley, hairy sedge, chickweed, etc. They grow only in oak groves, which are recognized as the standard of the Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All collections and expositions of the garden both naturally and aesthetically fit the oaks and birches growing here.

Today, the Tsitsin Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is 331 hectares of unique collection funds. This is more than 18,000 types and varieties of plants from different parts of our planet. In 1991, in a solemn ceremony, the main Russian botanical garden was named after the great academician and famous botanist, breeder and geneticist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin, who led it for more than 35 years, from the first day of its foundation.

Territorial division

When creating the garden, the main task was to arrange indoor and outdoor expositions that could convey this or that natural area as fully as possible. For example, to demonstrate the plant world of the USSR, departments were made:

European part of the union;

North Caucasus;

Region Siberia;

Middle Asia;

Far East.

At each of these sites, special conditions were created that are close to reality. Somehow: adding special sand, stones, ponds or streams were created to increase humidity, or special slides were built. All plants were planted in combinations found in real nature.

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences has become the site for the creation of an introduction nursery to test new plant species.

The expositions that exist today have received other names. They present plant exhibits from the Far East, Siberia, the Caucasus and Eastern Europe.

On a vast area today you can see tundra plants, coniferous-broad-leaved, light coniferous, dark coniferous forests, deserts, steppes and meadows.

Gathering a garden collection required careful removal of plants from nature. For this, starting from 1946, expeditions were sent to various natural areas Soviet Union. Participants paid special attention to rare or endangered species.

The floristic diversity of the garden is constantly changing. It was especially diverse in 1990. Today, the garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a place of rest for citizens and guests of the city.

Guests of the city, visiting various sights of the capital, definitely come to the botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, presenting main garden countries, offers to see various plant expositions.

Exposition of flora of Eastern Europe and vegetation of Central Asia

Almost 6 hectares are occupied by the exposition of the flora of Eastern Europe. It contains more than 300 types and species of plants: about 20 species of trees, approximately 30 species of shrubs and more than 200 species of herbaceous plantations, most of which came from the Carpathians.

The main botanical garden named after Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences has the oldest exposition of vegetation in Central Asia. It was founded shortly before the war on Sparrow Hills on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After the war, it was carefully transferred to the flora section (located in Ostankino). But it became available to visitors only in 1953. Natural botanical and geographical conditions were recreated here. Areas of mountainous relief and deserts were created from tertiary clay. Coniferous and alpine and subalpine meadows, steppes and rocky hills, and many species of endangered plants are represented in this zone. You can view most of the exposition from the top of the artificial hill.

Exposition of plants of the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East

An area of ​​almost 2.5 hectares is occupied by the exposition of plants of the Caucasus. These are more than 300 species of tree plantations, including 23 rare and endangered species. They are located on an artificial mountainous terrain and a forest plain.

More than 200 species of plants are collected in the Siberian vegetation exposition. Of the exhibits presented here, more than 50 species are recognized as endangered or rare.

One of the most impressive collections is the exposition of the flora of the Far East. Almost 400 plant species of this zone are located on an area of ​​8.5 hectares.

Thematic zones of the GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1950 completed the creation of an exposition of useful wild plants. All perennial grasses are planted in ridges, in a neighborhood taken from nature. There are several types of shrubs and trees in this exposition. Organizers, developing and planting ensembles of plants, made their classification based on their area of ​​application.

The first part is essential oil, medicinal and insecticidal plants. They have an impact on various functions in the human or animal body and have toxic properties.

The second part - plants of a technical orientation. These are fibrous, dyeing and tanning. Such plants have been and are still used in industry.

The third part is fodder and melliferous. Plants that are a food base for domestic animals (hay, silage, pasture).

The fourth part is food plant species. They are designed to support the life of the human body. These are vitamin, flavoring, spicy, tea and infusion.

Arboretum

The Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences preserves about 1,700 tree and shrub species of plants. They are collected on the territory of the arboretum (more than 75 hectares). The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is built like a landscape park, that is, the plants are systematized. This area is especially beautiful from early spring to autumn leaf fall. But even in winter it is no less interesting to walk among the coniferous beauties covered with snow caps.

Heather and Japanese Garden

There is a special exposition in the arboretum - Heather Garden. Special types of erica and almost 20 varieties of heather were brought to it from Germany. It is located near the Laboratory building and is surrounded by coniferous plants, barberries, spireas and rhododendrons.

No less bright and unique exposition of the GBS is the "Japanese Garden". It was created with the help of the Japanese Embassy in the capital. Rare species of sakura, ornamental tree species and herbs of the region were brought from the islands. They are picturesquely arranged around artificial reservoirs with many bridges, pagodas and stone compositions.

A very bewitching collection of roses covers almost 2.5 hectares.

The specimens of the greenhouse are considered priceless. They are imported from Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar and other countries of the equatorial zone. More than a hundred species of them are listed in the International Red Book.

Unique nursery in the Botanical Garden of Moscow

In addition to the main scientific activities, GBS employees are engaged in the selection, breeding and sale of seedlings and seeds of known and new plant species. The nursery offers for sale deciduous trees, vines, shrubs, perennial herbs, clematis and fruit plantations. Seedlings in the botanical garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences are very popular. Their prices are very low, and the quality of planting material is very high. Two outlets are engaged in the sale of seedlings. One (main) is located on the street. Botanicheskaya, 31, opposite the main entrance to the GBS.

Special units of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Botanical Garden BIN RAS them. Komarova V. L., located in St. Petersburg, on Aptekarsky Island. He is a division Russian Academy Sciences. Its history begins in the 18th century with an apothecary's garden. It was established by Peter I. Initially, of course, it was supposed to grow medicinal plants on it.

By the middle of the 19th Apothecary Garden was in great desolation, because there was no financial support at all. Alexander I gave his command to V.P. Kochubey, who presented a plan for the reorganization of the garden. Now scientific activity has become his main direction. Appropriations for the Pharmaceutical Garden have almost doubled. Scientific expeditions were even organized. The garden was actively developed until the beginning of the 20th century.

In connection with the celebration of the bicentenary of the Botanical Garden in 1913, it was named after Peter the Great. After the revolution, it became the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Soviet Republic. At the same time, the imperial residences and private greenhouses were transferred to him.

In 1930 the garden was reassigned to the USSR Academy of Sciences. The following year it was merged with the Botanical Museum. As a result, the Botanical Institute was established. During the blockade, despite the efforts of workers, the garden was badly damaged. Therefore, extensive restoration work was carried out in the post-war period. Now it is a huge garden-arboretum. He is very loved by the residents of St. Petersburg and guests of the city.

Another unique subdivision of the Academy of Sciences is the Botanical Garden of the USC RAS. Located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The garden has gone through a long and difficult path of development.

Today he has a large collection of plants, is proud of his bright scientific achievements in the field of research of wild-growing species of flora of the republic and selection of ornamental plants.

Conclusion

Now you know where to go if you love nature, flowers and plants. The Botanical Garden of N. Tsitsin RAS is a truly interesting place to visit.