Falcon village. Cycling: Sokol Village Sokol Village

Sokol is the first cooperative residential settlement in Moscow, founded in 1923.
Residential buildings of the village are located within the boundaries of Alabyan, Levitan, Kiprensky, Vrubel and Maly Peschany Lane streets.
Since 1979, the village has been under state protection as a monument of urban planning of the first years of Soviet power. Since 1989, the village has passed to self-government.
The architects of the village of Sokol implemented a popular at the beginning of the 20th century. the concept of the garden city. The idea of a settlement that would combine the best properties of a city and a village was put forward by the Englishman Ebenezer Howard in 1898. As early as 1903, a project for the construction of a similar garden city appeared on the Khodynka field in Moscow. This project was being finalized for some time, but the events of 1914-1917. hindered its implementation.
Famous architects N.V. Markovnikov, brothers Vesnin, I.I. Kondakov and A.V. Shchusev participated in the design of the settlement.
When planning the streets, non-standard spatial solutions were used. The houses of the village were built according to individual projects. Basically, the construction of the village was completed by the beginning of the 1930s. A total of 114 houses were built with all amenities.
As the settlement was being built, its social infrastructure developed. Two grocery stores were built. The partnership opened a library and a canteen at its own expense. There are two sports grounds in the village. A park was laid out on the odd side of Levitan Street. In 1927, a kindergarten was opened in the village of Sokol. His staff included only one teacher, and the rest of the work was done in shifts by mothers on duty.
In 1935, a plane crash occurred in the sky over the village of Sokol. The largest Soviet aircraft of that time, the ANT-20 Maxim Gorky, collided with an escort fighter. The wreckage of the aircraft fell on the village. All on board the planes were killed, but there were no casualties among the residents of the village.

Kiprenskogo st., 4. House of I. Bibikov - Russian revolutionary.
Levitan street, 24, building 2. Yu.N. Zykov lived in the house - pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union
Bryullov st., 6. House of the Kirpichovs. P.Ya.Kirpichev is a famous military artist. S.P. Kirpichev - famous zoologist and ornithologist
Surikov st., 29. House of Faydysh-Krandievsky. N.V. Kandievskaya - sculptor.
Vrubel street, 7. House of Rolan Bykov.
Vereshchagina street, 3 - architect N. Markovnikov, date of construction - 1925
Vereshchagina street, 10 - architect N. Markovnikov, the house was an exhibit of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition of 1923
Vereshchagina street, 12 - architect N.Markovnikov, date of construction - 1928. Log building

	Levitan street, 4. Residential building built in 1925. Architect N.V. Markovnikov. In 1935, this house was damaged and hit the news reports.	Levitan street, 6. Architect N.V. Markovnikov.
	Levitan street, 10. House of artist VF Sakharov. It was built in 1923 according to the design of the architect N.V. Markovnikov. Here from 1923 to 1937. lived the artist, chairman of the union of artists "Vsekokhudozhnik", founder and first chairman of the board of the cooperative "Sokol" VF Sakharov. In 1937, Sakharov was arrested and shot.	Polenova street, 2/12с2. "Watchtower", architects brothers Vesnin
Polenova street, 5/19.	Polenova street, 6/17.	Polenova street, having a width of about 40 m, is the widest in the village. Two rows of maples and small-leaved lindens are planted on the street, changing the color of foliage from green to silver in the wind. The landscaping project was carried out by the sculptor N. Zelenskaya, a student and future assistant to V. Mukhina in the work on the sculpture “Worker and Collective Farm Girl”.
Exit to the Central square of the village from Polenova street	Fountain on the Central Square	Central Square ("Star Square")
Polenova street, 7	Polenova street, 13.
Polenova street, 17.	Polenova st., 18. Residential building 1923–1933 the buildings. Architect N.V. Markovnikov.	Polenova st., 20. Duplex residential building (architect I.I. Kondakov, built in 1931)
Savrasova street, 5/2. Architect I.I. Kondakov	Surikov St., 4. Apartment building (architect N.S. Dyurnbaum)	Surikov st., 5. Until 2011, the house of Nikolai Ivanovich Lyubimov, the creator of the first cell in Moscow of the “Society of Green Plantations Lovers”, stood on this site
Surikov street, 6	Surikov street, 7.	Surikov street
Surikov street, 12. The old house was demolished in 2008.	Surikov street, 13. Gnomes stand on the lawn in front of the house	Surikov street, 14/2. On this site was a two-story six-apartment building built in the 1930s. for the organizations "Zagotzerno" and "Moskhleb" by the architect N.S. Dyurnbaum. Before the war, there was a swimming pool on the roof of the house. Demolished in 2009
Surikov street, 15	Surikov street, 18.	Surikov street
Surikov street, 21. House of S. Tserevitinov. A two-storey log house with a sloping hipped roof ("Vologda hut"). Built in 1923–1924. designed by architect V. Vesnin.	21 Surikov St. S.S. Tserevitinov is an old-timer of the village, one of the authors of the monograph “Sokol Village: the history of the village and its inhabitants” (2004), for many years he was the chairman of the Sokol self-government council, the grandson of the chemist F. Tserevitinov who settled in the village in 1931.
Surikov street, 22/2. A wooden two-story residential building is a kind of “visiting card” of the Sokol village. Built in 1923–1924. Architect N.V. Markovnikov.	Surikov street, 22/2. In the 1920s. This building housed a kindergarten.	Surikov street, 23B. Timber dwelling house. It was built in 1925 by the architects Vesnin brothers. In this house from 1925 to 1966. lived graphic artist P.Ya.Pavlinov.
Bryullov st., 4. Architect N.S.Dyurnbaum. House 1928 the buildings. In this house, the honored architect and honored worker of arts of the Russian Federation D.F. Zhivotov spent his childhood and youth	Bryullov str., 8. House of the family of engineer L.A. Radus. It was built in 1924 from larch in the form of a Russian chopped hut by the architect N.V. Markovnikov.

How to get to the Sokol village: Art. subway Sokol

The village of Sokol is a relatively young, but very interesting historical area in Moscow, which can be considered as a self-governing community, a monument of wooden architecture and, finally, the first housing and construction cooperative of the Soviet period. This village, which at one time personified the idea of a garden city, lurked among the high-rise buildings of the Volokolamsk highway.

The idea to implement such a project within the boundaries of Moscow was born in the first post-revolutionary years, when the city suffered from overpopulation, and the young authorities did not have the funds to build new housing. Then, taking into account the economic situation in the country, V. I. Lenin in 1921 signed a decree on cooperative housing construction, which allowed everyone who had the means to build housing at their own expense.

At the same time, back in 1918, under the guidance of well-known architects I. Zholtovsky and A. Shchusev, a general plan for the development of the city was created, which was called New Moscow. According to this plan, on the outskirts of Moscow, along the Moscow circular railway, so-called "small centers" were to appear, connected with the historical center of Moscow by direct transport highways along the radial system. These were supposed to be the city-gardens praised by Mayakovsky, the only example of which was the village of Sokol.

According to the original plan, the village was to be built in "Moscow Switzerland", as the Sokolniki district was then called (hence the name - Sokol). The cooperative partnership Sokol with the necessary documentation and an emblem - a falcon carrying a house in its paws, was created in the spring of 1923. This should be an experimental model, which would subsequently be equal to in the construction of other small centers. After testing the soil, it turned out that it was too wet and not suitable for wooden construction. A new site was chosen in the eastern part of the city. Here, between the village of Vsekhsvyatsky and Serebryany Bor, there was a wasteland and a dump of the Izolyator plant - it was decided to build a garden city on this territory. By the way, the Church of All Saints, after which the village was called, can still be seen on Peschanaya Square.

According to the plan, the village was bounded from the west by the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye, from the south - by Peschanaya Street and a pine park, in which the old sanatorium Romashka was located, from the east - by a circular railway, and from the north - by Volokolamsk highway. The central street of Vrubel was supposed to divide the village in half. The project was created by outstanding architects of that time: academician A. B. Shchusev, N. V. Markovnikov, P. Ya. Pavlinov, Vesnin brothers, P. A. Florensky, N. V. Kolli, I. I. Kondakov, N. Markovnikov , N. Durnbaum, A. Semiletov, graphic artists V. Favorsky, N. Kupreyanov, P. Pavlinov, L. Bruni, painters K. Istomin, P. Konchalovsky, sculptor I. Efimov and others. The first chairman of the board of the village of Sokol was elected chairman of the trade union of artists V. F. Sakharov.

In order to join the cooperative, it was necessary to make quite significant contributions for those times: 10.5 gold chervonets introductory, 30 chervonets - when allocating a plot and 20 chervonets - to start building a cottage. The approximate cost of one cottage was 600 gold chervonets. This amount was paid over several years. Each shareholder under the agreement had the right to 35 years of residence in his house without compaction and withdrawal of housing.

Most of the first developers were scientists, employees of the people's commissariats, artists, architects, technical intelligentsia, doctors, teachers. Part of the housing in six-apartment houses, which were also built in the Sokol village, and were cheaper, was intended for the workers of the Izolyator plant. When planning the territory, the country house was taken as the basis, so the main attention was paid to the abundance of greenery and the development of one-two-story houses. No one, of their own free will, had the right to install a high blank fence, as the visual perception of the perspective would be violated. It was also forbidden to develop more than one third of the site. A special type of fence was developed for the village - a low picket fence covered with a slab roof. Street lamps and park benches were the same in style - all this strengthened the impression of the integrity of the architectural complex.

In accordance with the plan approved by V.A. Vesnin, 320 residential buildings were to be built in the village, but in fact the territory was divided into 270 plots of about 200 square sazhens each (sazhen - 2.16 meters), which is approximately 9 acres.

The town-planning concept was as follows: free planning, original solution of space, direct connection of residential objects with nature. During the construction of the village, the ideas of the philosopher P. Florensky and the artist V. Favorsky were embodied. The broken trajectory of the streets created a sense of elongation. For example, the widest street in the village - Polenova Street (width 40 meters), passing through the main square, creates an angle of forty degrees, which creates the appearance of its infinity. Some streets are divided by transverse fences into equal segments, which also contributes to their visual lengthening. The use of the Michelangelo staircase effect, which is achieved by narrowing the street, also lengthens it in perspective. The narrow end of the street rests on the garden, as if dissolving in its greenery. But if you look at the same street from the narrow end, it will seem very short.

The visual lengthening of the streets at the crossroads was also achieved here by removing the corner house deep into the site, as well as the ends of the houses, which are devoid of windows, thanks to which the eye glides into the distance without dwelling on the architectural details.

When designing the village, the effect of a "spinning house" was also used, when, for a sharper sense of rotation, the houses stand at an angle to the street, and their facades are made up of three sections of different sizes. Such architectural tricks were used to create the illusion of the immensity of a rather modest area, which was only 20 hectares.

Construction work began at the end of the summer of 1923, and in the fall of 1926, 102 cottages were already ready for interior finishing work.

Bolshaya Street (now Polenova) became the main street of the village. Its width, as already mentioned, is 40 meters, which made it possible to plant two rows of trees on each side. It is interesting that initially the streets were not called as they are now, they were named: Bolshaya, Shkolnaya, Telefonnaya, Uyutnaya. And already during the settlement, the names were changed, and streets appeared with the names of famous Russian artists: Shishkin, Savrasov, Polenov, Bryullov, Kiprensky, Vereshchagin, Serov, Kramskoy, Surikov, Levitan. Such an idea came to the mind of the artist and one of the professors of VKhUTEMAS P.Ya. Pavlinov. By December 1924, the first quarter of the village of Sokol was commissioned on a turnkey basis, which ran between the streets of Surikov, Kiprensky, Levitan and Polenov.

All buildings in the village were originally divided into three categories: log houses that imitated Russian architecture; frame-fill, built according to the type of English cottages; brick houses with mansards, which took German mansions as a model. The most characteristic house for the village of Sokol was a single-family house. It included an attic, four living rooms, a living room, a kitchen and a spacious terrace with access to the garden. But, what is characteristic, for all the systematic construction, there were no two similar houses in it - they necessarily differed in something, whether it be the number or arrangement of rooms, the shape of balconies, bay windows, window lights, and so on. The house, designed for two families, was a five-walled hut.

The construction company that created the village used it as an exhibition site, demonstrating the best examples of low-rise construction. In addition, the village has become a testing ground for testing new building materials and technologies. Here, for the first time, fibrolite was used - a material consisting of wood chips pressed with cement. For the first time, a foundation bowl was also used, in which a special ventilation system was installed. Carefully thought out not only the layout of green spaces in the village, but also their qualitative composition. Red maple, ash, small-leaved and large-leaved linden, American maple, poplar alba were specially planted. An amazing fact - in the village of Sokol, almost 150 ornamental plants were grown and bred, some of which are listed in the Red Book.

But not only architectural innovations made this village exceptional. Gradually, a very special social infrastructure developed here. The Sokol Housing and Construction Cooperative Partnership had at its disposal a shop, a kindergarten, a canteen, a library, sports grounds and a children's summer camp, a theater club, a children's toy circle, an aircraft modeling circle, a dance circle, where the student of Isadora Duncan, the first in Moscow, taught a cell of the "Society of Friends of Green Spaces", a sewing artel "Women's Labor" and much more. Due to the fact that the professional composition of the population was extremely diverse, most of the issues of the internal structure in the cooperative were resolved on their own and on a voluntary basis. In Sokol, the principle of the commune "from each according to his ability" was put into practice. All together, together, the inhabitants of the village ennobled the territory, bought firewood for the winter and harvested vegetables. Now it sounds like a fantasy, but in fact, the inhabitants were driven by the power of creation and enthusiasm.

Great attention in the village was paid to the upbringing of the younger generation, the development of sports, musical and artistic talents in children. The environment also contributed to this: the workshop of the sculptor N. Krandievskaya, the home school of graphics of P. Pavlinov, and the school of music of A. Shimanovsky were nearby. Until now, they tell how a group for teaching children the German language was created on a voluntary basis in the village kindergarten. Classes were held in a relaxed playful way, during walks around the village and its environs. As was customary in the past in noble families, so at certain hours in a group, children did not have the right to speak Russian. This technique gave excellent results. There was only one teacher on the staff of the kindergarten; mothers on duty helped her in shifts.

Since a significant part of the inhabitants of Sokol were artists, the village turned into a place where the most famous painters of Moscow gathered. In the house of Pavlinov, one could often meet talented sculptors, artists, architects, whose names are widely known today not only in professional circles. Among them are Kukryniksy, Korovin, Florensky, Bruni, Tsigal and many others.

On May 8, 1935, a giant plane Maxim Gorky fell on the village of Sokol, weighing 28.5 tons. It was damaged in a collision with an escort aircraft. The inhabitants of the village did not suffer then, but the tragedy served as a harbinger of the troubles that awaited Sokol.

In 1936, a decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was issued, which prohibited the activities of housing cooperatives. The Sokol cooperative was dissolved, the board ceased to fulfill its functions, and the houses became the property of Moscow. At the same time, more than half of the territory was confiscated from the village (the section from Vrubel Street to Volokolamskoye Highway). Here, in four years, 18 houses were built to accommodate the families of NKVD workers, as well as a boiler room and a club. Two of these eighteen houses have survived to our time. Until now, a building has been preserved in the village, which in the 30s was strictly guarded by the NKVD service - Soviet scientists who created the atomic bomb lived here. During the period of Stalinist repressions, many residents of the village, and most of them were people of outstanding and prominent figures in their field, were arrested.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, more than sixty people left the village for the front, twenty-one of them did not return, and now there is a monument to the fallen defenders of the Fatherland in the village. It must be remembered that the village of Sokol was located near the Volokolamsk highway, from where the Germans attacked Moscow in 1941. In autumn, the village joined the second line of defense of the capital of the USSR. Old men, women and children sawed trees in the parks for the construction of defensive fortifications in the village and along the District Railway. After the war, the inhabitants of the village were significantly compacted, resettled according to new standards - 6 square meters per person.

In 1946-1948, all the buildings in the village were connected to the city sewerage (before that there were cesspools), and gas stoves were installed in the kitchens. But already in the early 50s, when a shock demonstration construction began in this part of Moscow, the village was under the threat of demolition. What helped the Falcon survive is not known for sure. There is a legend that Stalin himself spoke out against it, but these are just rumors. Be that as it may, they did not demolish it, although already in 1958 the executive committee of the Moscow Council issued an order to provide part of the land to the Administration of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Again, the inhabitants of the village entered into a confrontation with the authorities, and the order was canceled, but, as it turned out later, it was too early to rejoice. Some time later, the city authorities had an idea to demolish 54 of the existing 119 cottages. A house has already been selected for the resettlement of the residents of the village, but there were no volunteers, on the contrary, all the inhabitants as one stood up for the Sokol.

Several large organizations also joined the voice of opponents of the demolition: the Ministry of Culture, the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, unions of architects, artists, and others. And again, Sokol managed to survive, and besides, a decision was received from the Moscow City Executive Committee to give the village, as a unique architectural and urban planning complex, the status of an urban planning monument. Thus, the settlement fell under the protection of the city and district authorities, but no one was going to allocate funds for its preservation, and in 1989 a general meeting of residents decided to restore self-government. A self-supporting structure with a Charter was created in the village, the main purpose of which was the preservation and development of the Sokol village.

All the necessary authorities gave the go-ahead, and things went on. But such freedom entailed a huge responsibility, because now the residents themselves had to take care of the safety of the residential and non-residential fund, communications, parks and squares. And they had to do all this without receiving a penny of state money.

To date, the village of Sokol looks clean, well-groomed and well-maintained - this is the main merit of its inhabitants. A fountain operates in the central square during the warm season. By the 75th anniversary, a museum was opened in the village, the director of which was E. M. Alekseeva, Doctor of Historical Sciences, leading researcher at the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Now Sokol has 117 houses. Here, a park is open around the clock, in the collection of which there are a thousand units of green spaces. In the park you can often meet not only vacationers from nearby microdistricts, but also students of architectural and art educational institutions - they come here for plein air. True, old wooden houses are gradually disappearing, and modern expensive cottages are growing in their place. This situation developed at the end of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century, when the cost of housing in the village increased significantly. And, although the status of an architectural monument requires that all construction work be coordinated with the Moscow Heritage Committee, this rule was not followed, and it turned out that instead of historical cottages, new elite mansions have grown, some of them are included in the list of the most expensive houses in Moscow according to Forbes magazine. Now the village of Sokol is still an experimental site, now according to the methods of work of the territorial community.

Media files at Wikimedia Commons

"Falcon"(also known as " artists' village”) is the first cooperative residential settlement in Moscow, founded in 1923. It is located in the Northern Administrative District, not far from the Sokol metro station built later. The village "Sokol" has become one of the embodiments of the concept of the garden city. Since 1979, the village has been under state protection as a monument of urban planning of the first years of Soviet power. Since 1989, the Sokol village has been self-governing.

Location

The village occupies a quarter at the intersection of Alabyan Street and Volokolamskoye Highway. The residential buildings of the village are located within the boundaries of Alabyan, Levitan, Kiprensky, Vrubel and Maly Peschany Lane streets. In addition, the village includes the former chapel of the Arbatets cemetery (Alabyan street, building 2a) and the building of the barracks of Serebryany Bor station (Panfilov street, building 6b).

The nearest metro stations are 02 Sokol and 14 Panfilovskaya, located about 500 meters east of the village and 350 meters south, respectively. In the immediate vicinity of the village on Alabyan Street there are two stops of ground public transport: “Alabyan Street” of buses No. 60, 88, 105 and “Levitan Street” of buses No. 26, 60, 88, 100, 105, 175, 691, 691k and trolleybuses No. 19, 59.

Story

background

The architects of the village "Sokol" implemented the concept of "garden city", popular at the beginning of the 20th century. The idea of a settlement that would combine the best properties of a city and a village was put forward by the British Ebenezer Howard in 1898. Already in 1903, a project for the construction of a similar city-garden appeared on the Khodynka field in Moscow. This project was being finalized for some time, but the events of 1914-1917 prevented its implementation.

The town planning plans of the 1920s—Aleksey Shchusev's "New Moscow" and Sergei Shestakov's "Greater Moscow"—also made extensive use of the "garden city" idea. The outskirts and suburbs of Moscow were supposed to be built up with settlements consisting of low houses, which were supposed to have their own libraries, clubs, sports and playgrounds, kindergartens.

Foundation of the village

The housing and construction cooperative partnership "Sokol" was formed in March 1923, and on April 11 the first organized meeting of the cooperative took place. The partnership included employees of the people's commissariats, economists, artists, teachers, agronomists, technical intelligentsia and workers. The first chairman of the board of the Sokol cooperative was Vasily Sakharov, chairman of the Vsekokhudozhnik trade union. The cooperative received a lease on a plot of land on the outskirts of the village of Vsekhsvyatskoye with an area of 49 acres with an obligation to build it up in 7 years with about 200 houses. Already in the autumn of 1923, the construction of the Sokol settlement began there.

Members-shareholders of the cooperative were granted the right to use the living space for 35 years without any restrictions. The share contributions of the Sokol cooperative were 10.5 gold chervonets for joining, 30 for allocating a site, and 20 for starting construction. The full cost of the cottage, which was paid for several years, was 600 chervonets. These are quite high prices, which were far from affordable for everyone.

origin of name

There is still no consensus on why the village got its name. Falcon. According to the most common version, initially this village was planned to be built in Sokolniki - hence the name. There was even a seal depicting a falcon holding a house. However, then the plans changed, and land was allocated for the village near the village of All Saints, but the housing cooperative retained its name. According to another version, expressed by the historian P.V. Sytin, the village was named after the agronomist and livestock breeder who lived here A. I. Sokola who bred thoroughbred pigs in his yard. Another version says that the village got its name from a construction tool - plaster falcon .

Design and construction

Famous architects N. V. Markovnikov, the Vesnin brothers, I. I. Kondakov and A. V. Shchusev participated in the design of the village. When planning the streets, non-standard spatial solutions were used. The houses of the village were built according to individual projects. Basically, the construction of the village was completed by the beginning of the 1930s. A total of 114 houses were built with all amenities.

As the settlement was being built, its social infrastructure developed. Two grocery stores were built. The partnership opened a library and a canteen at its own expense. There are two sports grounds in the village. A park was laid out on the odd side of Levitan Street. In 1927, a kindergarten was opened in the Sokol village. His staff included only one teacher, and the rest of the work was done in shifts by mothers on duty.

In the late 1920s, the concept of building Sokol with individual residential buildings was criticized. The ideology of that time involved the construction of collective workers' houses. It is noteworthy that one of the critics of "Falcon" was the author of the general plan of the village and the architect of most of its houses N. V. Markovnikov. Given the realities of time at the end 1920s - early 1930s several apartment buildings for workers were built in the village.

The village in the 1930s

In the early 1930s, a part of the territory that had not yet been built up (between Vrubel Street and Volokolamskoye Highway) was seized from the village of Sokol. Several residential buildings were erected there for NKVD workers. In 1938, a four-story maternity hospital No. 16 was built on the site of the square in the center of the village.

Village during the war

From the beginning of the 1950s, attempts began to demolish the village. According to legend, Stalin spoke out against this when he visited a construction site on nearby Novopeschanaya Street. In 1958, a plan appeared for the construction of multi-storey residential buildings on part of the territory of the village. However, thanks to the efforts of the Sokol residents, this project was canceled in 1962. Soon a new project for the demolition of 54 out of 119 cottages appeared: “... it is high time to knock over the“ chicken coops ”of the village with a bulldozer,” the district executive committee threatened. But this time, "Falcon" managed to defend. The Ministry of Culture, the Society for the Protection of Monuments and the Union of Architects opposed the demolition of the village as a single architectural complex. As a result, by decision of the Moscow City Council No. 1384 dated May 25, 1979, the village was placed under state protection as a monument of urban planning of the first years of Soviet power.

Modern period

In the late 1980s, commercial activity began to develop in the country. At the same time, the authorities allocated little money for the maintenance of the village. Then the residents organized a structure to earn money for the maintenance of the village - the Sokol agency. The agency made a profit from the work performed on a contract basis. His income many times exceeded the amount of funds allocated by the district executive committee. In order for residents to be able to more effectively resolve territorial issues, on July 14, 1989, a territorial public self-government was established in the village.

Through the efforts of self-government, a significant amount of repair and restoration work was carried out. Various festive events were organized in the village, and the newspaper "Voice of the Falcon" was published. A playground and an obelisk appeared in the center of the village in memory of those who died in the Great Patriotic War. In 1998, Sokol celebrated its 75th anniversary. The opening of the museum of the village was timed to this date.

In the 1990s and 2000s, many residents of the village began to sell their houses, as their prices became very high. Despite the fact that the status of an architectural monument obliges the owners of houses to coordinate all construction work with the Moscow Heritage Committee, some of the old houses of the village were demolished, and elite mansions were erected in their place. Separate buildings are included in the list of the most expensive houses in Moscow according to Forbes magazine.

Initially, it was planned to build up the Sokol village with three types of cottages: log, frame-backfill and brick. Later, each of the types of houses varied many times. According to the plans of the architects, various designs and materials were used. Since Sokol was the firstborn of the Soviet housing and construction cooperation, it became a kind of base for testing architectural solutions.

Many buildings of the village were experimental. Some of the technologies used in the construction of the Falcon were later introduced into mass construction. House 10 on Vereshchagin Street, built by N.V. Markovnikov, was an exhibit of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition of 1923. In addition to traditional building materials, they used peat plywood, straw blocks, fiberboard, cinder blocks. According to the project of N. Ya. Kolli, a house was built from Armenian tuff in the village in order to test the properties of this material before using it in the lining of the building of the Centrosoyuz on Myasnitskaya Street. In 1948, two experimental residential buildings were built on Surikov Street according to the project of Z. M. Rosenfeld.

Several houses were built on the model of Russian buildings of the 17th-18th centuries. The chopped wooden huts of the Vesnin brothers, built in the style of Vologda wooden architecture, gained particular fame. The symmetrically arranged wooden houses on Polenova Street are reminiscent of northern watchtowers.

The architectural ensemble of the village "Sokol" was unique in many respects. The experience of "Falcon" was used in the construction of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok, the village of Pavlovo in the Leningrad Region, as well as workers' settlements on "Usachevka", on Begovaya Street and in the village of Bogorodskoye.

Houses of the village "Sokol"


"Vologda hut" (architect Vesnin brothers)	Residential building (architect N. V. Markovnikov)	Residential building (architect I. I. Kondakov)	Chapel building (architect R.I. Klein)


Apartment building (architect N. Durnbaum)	"Watchtower" (architect Vesnin brothers)	Residential building (architect N. V. Markovnikov)	House for two families (architect Z. M. Rosenfeld)

layout

The initial plan of the Sokol village was developed by N.V. Markovnikov according to the Hippodam system: the streets intersected at right angles and divided the village into several identical quarters. But later, V. A. Vesnin joined the work on the plan, and together they decided to give preference to free planning.

Importance was attached to the perception of the environment. This concept was developed by the philosopher P. A. Florensky and the graphic artist V. A. Favorsky. The streets of the village were laid out in such a way as to visually expand the space. For example, Surikov Street is divided into three parts of different widths, due to which it seems very long from one end, and short from the other. Polenova Street in its central part is "broken" at an angle of 45°, and therefore it seems longer and wider. The facades of some houses do not have windows, so as not to detain the eye.

The village "Sokol" covers an area of 21 hectares. Each plot has an area of approximately 9 acres.

landscaping

Each street of the village, at the suggestion of a gardening specialist, Professor A.N. Chelintsev, is planted with a certain tree species. So, on Surikov Street large-leaved lindens grow, on Bryullov Street - Tatar maples, on Kiprensky Street - Norway maples (a variety schwedleri), and on the streets of Shishkin and Vrubel - ash trees. On the wide street of Polenov, silver maples and small-leaved lindens are planted in two rows. Maly Peschany Lane and Savrasov Street are lined with poplars.

Among the inhabitants of the village there were many amateur gardeners. In the 1920s - 1930s, the agronomist-breeder N.I. Lyubimov grew varieties of flowers he had bred on his plot. In 1927, he created the country's first cell of the society of lovers of green spaces, which united 30 residents of the Sokol. Rare plants also grew in the village, some of them are listed in the Red Book. The gardens of the village "Sokol" are part of the natural complex of Moscow.

Territorial community

Village Museum

The Sokol village museum was opened in 1998. It is located in the building of the territorial community at the address: Shishkin Street, Building 1. The museum has many old photographs, stories about the inhabitants of the village, as well as a fragment of the ANT-20 Maxim Gorky aircraft.

Village streets

In the initial project, the streets of the village were called differently than now: Bolshaya, Central, School, Station, Telephone, Canteen, etc. In 1928, the streets of the village were named after Russian artists: Levitan, Surikov, Polenov, Vrubel, Kiprensky, Shishkin , Vereshchagin, etc. Therefore, the "Falcon" also became known as the "Settlement of Artists". The streets in the northwestern part of the original territory, later seized from the village, were supposed to be named after Russian composers. The famous graphic artist P. Ya. Pavlinov was the author of the new toponymy of the "Falcon". In the names of the streets of "Falcon" there is a connection with the pre-revolutionary tradition: already in 1910, the suburban village "Klyazma" appeared near Moscow, where the streets bore the names of Russian writers, poets and artists.

Name	Description	Village houses
Halabyan street	The street existed before the construction of the village. It received its current name in 1959 in memory of the Soviet architect Karo Semyonovich Alabyan. The street runs along the southeastern border of the village.	No. 8a, 8b, 8c
Bryullov street	dining street. In 1928 it received its current name in memory of the Russian artist Karl Pavlovich Bryullov. Located between Surikov and Vrubel streets.	№ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12
Venetsianova street	Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov. The street is the shortest in Moscow (48 meters). It is a dead end, connecting with Surikov Street.	№ 3, 4
Vereshchagin street	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - cozy street-battalist Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin. Located between Surikov and Shishkin streets.	№ 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24/2
Vrubel street	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - central Street. In 1928, it received its current name in honor of the Russian artist Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel. The street runs along the northwestern border of the village.	№ 5, 7, 9, 11/22
Street Kiprenskogo	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - Vokzalnaya street. In 1928, it received its current name in honor of the Russian artist Orest Adamovich Kiprensky. The street runs along the western border of the village, between Vrubel and Levitan streets.	№ 4, 8/26, 10, 12, 14
Kramskoy street	The street appeared as part of the village. In 1928 it was named after the Russian artist Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy. Located between Shishkin and Serov streets.	№ 3
Levitan street	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - park street. In 1928 it received its current name in honor of the Russian artist Isaac Ilyich Levitan. The street runs along the southern border of the village.	No. 4, 6, 6a, 8, 10, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24/2
Small Sandy Lane	The lane existed before the construction of the village. It was named after the nature of the soil, by analogy with other streets and alleys of the village of All Saints. The lane runs along the northeastern border of the village.	No. 2a, 5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25/14
Polenova street	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - big street. In 1928, it received its current name in honor of the Russian artist Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov. Located between Levitan and Vrubel streets.	№ 1/14, 2/12, 3, 4, 5/19, 6/17, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20
Savrasova street	The street appeared as part of the village. It was originally named in 1928 Chaykovskiy street in honor of the Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Renamed in 1956 in honor of the Russian artist Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov (to eliminate the namesake of streets in Moscow). Located between Shishkin and Vrubel streets.	№ 1/3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11
Serov street	The street appeared as part of the village. In 1928 it was named after the Russian artist Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov. Located between Kramskoy and Vereshchagin streets.	№ 1/2, 3
Surikov street	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - telephone street. In 1928, it received its current name in honor of the Russian artist Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. It is located between Alabyan and Kiprenskogo streets.	No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8/2, 9/1, 10, 11/2, 12, 13, 14/2, 15, 18, 20, 21, 21a, 21b, 22/2, 23 , 23a, 23b, 25, 27, 29
Shishkin street	The street appeared as part of the village. original name - School Street landscape painter Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Located between Polenova Street and Maly Peschany Lane.	№ 1/8, 4, 5/2, 6, 10

Notable residents

Notes

E. Zhukova. About the "Falcon", its architecture and inhabitants // Science and life. - 1983. - Issue. ten . - pp. 118-122.
According to information at the stop
History of Moscow districts. Encyclopedia / Edited by K. A. Averyanov. - M. : AST: Astrel, 2005. - S. 299-303. - ISBN 5-271-11122-9.
Moscow 850 years. Northern administrative district / Ed. V. A. Vinogradova. - M.: JSC "Moscow textbooks and cartolithography", 1997. - S. 90. - 144 p. - ISBN 5-7853-0019-2.
Libson V. Ya., Domshlak M. I., Arenkova Yu. I. et al. Kremlin. China town. Central squares// Architectural monuments of Moscow. - M.: Art, 1983. - S. 217. - 504 p. - 25,000 copies.
Moscow 850 years. Northern administrative district / Ed. V. A. Vinogradova. - M.: JSC "Moscow textbooks and cartolithography", 1997. - S. 91. - 144 p. - ISBN 5-7853-0019-2.
Sokol village. The history of the village and its inhabitants / ed. N. A. Solyanik. - M. : OLMA-PRESS, 2004. - S. 17. - 208 p. - 1000 copies. -

The town-planning idea looked like this: free planning, non-standard spatial solutions, the relationship of dwellings with the environment. The spatial solutions used bold, truly innovative ideas of the outstanding Russian philosopher P. Florensky and graphic artist V. Favorsky. Here is a broken street (the feeling of its elongation). So, the widest street in the village, Polenov Street (forty meters), passing through the main square, “breaks” at an angle of forty-five degrees, which is why it is perceived as endless.

Here is the division of the street-line into equal segments (by transverse fences), again it is visually lengthened. Here is the “Michelangelo staircase”: the narrowing of the street. The street seems to be lengthening in perspective. The effect is enhanced by placing it at the end of her garden: she seems to dissolve into greenery. But if you look at the street from the other end, it will, surprisingly, seem short.

Here is the "falling out" from the general pattern of the intersection of the corner house (falling into the depth of the site), due to which the oncoming street seems longer. The windowless ends of some houses also contribute to the lengthening of the space (the gaze glides past).

Particular attention - turning street. To enhance the sense of rotation, the houses are at an angle to it, and the facades consist of three sections of different sizes. The bulky house seems to be spinning.

All these tricks pursued one goal: in a small area occupied by the village (20 hectares), to create the impression of its vastness, spatial grandeur.

Initially, the streets of the village were called very prosaically: Big, School, Telephone, Cozy, Canteen. New names (exclusively - by the names of artists) appeared later, when the village was already inhabited. Their toponymy was developed by one of the developers, graphic artist, professor of VKHUTEMAS (Higher Art and Technical Workshops) P. Pavlinov.

Now about the cottages themselves. These are log huts with wide overhangs, huts-towers (an image of Siberian Cossack fortresses), frame-filled, like English cottages, brick houses with attics like German mansions.

A typical single-family house: an attic, four living rooms, a living room, a kitchen and a large terrace with access to the garden. The roof is high, gable. The number of rooms, types and types of bay windows, balconies, window lights vary. You won't find two similar houses.

A two-family house is a five-wall hut. There are also a number of apartment buildings. The developers were people of different circles and classes, therefore, when designing cottages, their cost was also taken into account.

The village has become a testing ground not only for architectural and planning solutions. During its construction, new materials and advanced engineering technologies were used. So, for the first time, fibrolite was used - wood chips pressed with cement. The design of the foundation was also new: a concrete bowl with a special ventilation system.

The landscaping of the village is also carefully thought out: wide green arteries, intra-quarter squares, a park. Tree species were specially selected: red maple, ash, small-leaved and large-leaved linden, American maple, poplar alba. About 150 unique ornamental plants were planted and bred in the village, many of which are listed in the Red Book.

A special type of fencing was also developed: a low fence with a single rhythm of pickets, covered with a slab-roof. The appearance of street lamps, benches and other small forms enhanced the overall impression of the architectural and urban planning complex.

Houses that are a monument of architecture. In total, for about $10 million (including a bribe to the government), you can buy a house and demolish it, building a chic mansion with underground parking.

Historical and local history essay "The Proud Flight of the Falcon".

“There is such a village in Moscow - Sokol. Not even all Muscovites know about its existence. And no wonder. The village seemed to be lost among the high-rise buildings of the Volokolamsk Highway, Peschanaya Street, Alabyan Street. This year the village turns 85 years old.

So what is this village? Here are its three main features: the first Soviet housing cooperative, a monument of wooden architecture, a self-governing community.

How did the very idea of creating a settlement unique in its architecture and social purpose, such as Sokol, come about within the boundaries of Moscow? And so the idea was born. By the early 1920s, Moscow was literally suffocating from overpopulation. Where to take housing? The new government did not have money for its construction. They were not enough even for the maintenance of existing housing. Moreover, this situation developed not only in Moscow, but everywhere. Based on this, on August 8, 1921, V. I. Lenin signed a decree on cooperative housing construction. Its essence: those who have the means - workers, specialists, creative intelligentsia - can build housing themselves.

In Moscow, by this time, a master plan for its development was being developed. This work was headed by architects I. Zholtovsky and A. Shchusev. The plan was called “New Moscow”. At the heart of his concept is a direct, radial connection between the center and the periphery. On the periphery, along the Moscow circular railway, it was supposed to create a number of so-called small centers, conceived as garden cities. In those years, the idea of garden cities around metropolitan areas was extremely popular in the West. There were also practical samples. In Soviet Russia, Sokol became the first and, unfortunately, the only example of the realization of this idea.

Already in August 1921, a decision was made to organize the first housing and construction cooperative in Moscow. Later (in 1922 and 1923), the Moscow City Council also formed the regulatory framework for cooperative construction: the regulation on housing associations, the procedure for granting certain rights to homeowners and encouraging various forms of housing cooperation.

Site selection

The Sokol cooperative partnership was established in March 1923. Why such a name - Falcon? The fact is that initially the village was planned to be built in Sokolniki, in Moscow Switzerland, as this outskirts of the capital was then called. However, survey work has shown that the soil here is unsuitable for low-rise wooden construction.

They began to select another site. The choice fell on the western outskirts of Moscow. Here, between the village of All Saints (from the name of the temple Church of All Saints, which still towers on Peschanaya Square) and Serebryany Bor station of the Moscow ring railway, it was decided to build a village. On the site, by the way, of a grove that suffered from a windbreak in 1911. And since by this time some documentation had already been made, there was a stamp and an emblem of the partnership (a flying falcon with a house in its paws), they did not change its name, but only shortened it. And it turned out - Falcon. Subsequently, the subway station will be named Sokol, and then the administrative district of the capital.

The partnership included people, in general, prosperous, since significant cash contributions were envisaged: 10.5 gold chervonets introductory, 30 - when allocating a plot and 20 - when building a cottage. The cost of each cottage was about 600 gold coins. A lot of money in those days. The period of use of housing was also fixed: 35 years - without the withdrawal of housing and its compaction. Unfortunately, this norm was not sustained: later, withdrawals and seals followed ...

Who are they, the first developers? Employees of the people's commissariats, scientists, artists, architects, technical intelligentsia. Part of the shares was intended for workers in apartment buildings under construction.

Members-shareholders had to build not just a village as a habitat, but an experimental residential complex, which would become a model for the subsequent creation of suburban metropolitan microdistricts-gardens.

The idea was based on the formation of a dacha habitat. Hence - the largest supply of green space and the minimum allowable development of the site: one-two-family houses. Deaf fences were also not allowed, so that spatial visual connections were not violated.

Time, in general, favored the creation of such a village. In economic terms, the country had a NEP, in art - an enchanting avant-garde.

Architectonics

Outstanding Russian architects A. Shchusev, Vesnin brothers, N. Markovnikov, N. Dyurnbaum, N. Kolli, I. Kondakov, A. Semiletov, graphic artists V. Favorsky, N. Kupreyanov, P. Pavlinov, L. Bruni, painters K. Istomin, P. Konchalovsky, sculptor I. Efimov. The village was built for ten years.

Here is the "falling out" from the general pattern of the intersection of the corner house (falling deep into the site), due to which the oncoming streets seem longer. The windowless ends of some houses also contribute to the lengthening of the space (the gaze glides past).

All these tricks pursued one goal: in a small area occupied by the village (20 hectares), to create the impression of its vastness, spatial grandeur.

The construction of the village began in August 1923, and by the autumn of 1926, 102 cottages had been handed over for interior decoration. In total, it was supposed to build 320 houses. But only half of what was planned was achieved. In the early 1930s, half of the leased land was withdrawn from the village - for the construction of multi-storey buildings.
Initially, the streets of the village were called very prosaically: Big, School, Telephone, Cozy, Canteen. New names (exclusively - by the names of artists) appeared later, when the village was already inhabited. Their toponymy was developed by one of the developers, graphic artist, professor of VKHUTEMAS (Higher Art and Technical Workshops) P. Pavlinov.

A two-family house - a five-wall hut. There are also a number of apartment buildings. The developers were people of different circles and classes, therefore, when designing cottages, their cost was also taken into account.

Communal spirit

As the houses were settled, the social infrastructure of the village also took shape: shops, a canteen, a library, a kindergarten, and even a theater club. Fortunately, this was facilitated, so to speak, by internal resources. Among the developers were architects, artists, economists, engineers, agronomists, suppliers, teachers, doctors, livestock specialists ... Such a professionally diverse composition of the partnership made it possible to solve most of the issues on their own and, of course, on a voluntary basis. The spirit of the commune manifested itself in the implementation of a simple principle: from each according to his ability. It rallied, aroused enthusiasm.

Stumps were uprooted, ditches and potholes were filled in, firewood was bought together, and vegetables were harvested. This initial stage in the life of the village is truly marked by the most powerful energy of creation.

Much attention was paid to the upbringing of the younger generation: physical development (their sports grounds, their own, in the summer, pioneer camp), the development of creative abilities: musical, artistic. Favorable conditions again contributed to this: right next to it was the workshop of the sculptor N. Krandievskaya, the home school of graphics by P. Pavlinov, and the school of music by A. Shimanovsky. Undoubtedly, early familiarization with art influenced the choice of the creative path of the subsequently honored artists of the RSFSR A. Faydysh, A. Makarov, Kirpichnikovs.

In the village, they still remember the kindergarten of those times, where a group for the study of the German language was created on a voluntary basis. Classes were held "on the go", while walking around the Falcon and its environs. Even among themselves during these hours, the children did not have the right to speak Russian. The results of this technique turned out to be brilliant: many kindergarteners from Falcons became well-known linguists.

There were a lot of circles: an aircraft modeling circle, a circle of gardeners and flower growers (the Society of Friends of Green Plantations) and even a circle of poultry breeders.

Artists in Sokol are a special topic. The settlement attracted artists from all over Moscow. The center of attraction was P. Pavlinov's house. His friends, VKHUTEMAS colleagues P. Florensky, V. Favorsky, I. Efimov, N. Kupreyanov, K. Istomin, L. Bruni often gathered here. Sculptors I. Shadr, P. Konenkov, architect I. Zholtovsky often visited. A whole galaxy of leading Russian artists in the future - Kukryniksy, Yu. Pimenov, V. Tsigal, L. Kerbel, Yu. Korovin, K. Dorokhov and others - received their first lessons in artistry here, in an atmosphere of beauty and harmony.

Time of Troubles

It crept up unexpectedly. Like that trouble in the sky on May 8, 1935, when the giant plane "Maxim Gorky" crashed into the village. Luckily no one was hurt...

In 1937, by a government decree, cooperative housing construction was curtailed in the country, and existing buildings were transferred to the ownership of the state represented by local authorities. The same fate befell the village of Sokol: its entire residential and non-residential fund became the property of the Moscow City Council.

Touched the village and repression. Many prominent scientists and trade unionists who lived in it were arrested. The old-timers also remember the times when the cottages were replanned (make room, they say) and adapted them for communal apartments, hostels.

What about the war? About sixty falconers went to the front. Twenty-one of them were not destined to return, and it was in their honor that an obelisk was erected in the center of the village. And how to forget them: young, beautiful, brave - tankers, pilots, artillerymen, infantrymen?.. The same pilot Yuri Zykov, who was awarded (posthumously) the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

And then, in the early 50s, the village was generally on the verge of demolition. In the neighborhood, a shock-demonstration construction was unfolded, swallowing up the territory of the airfield of the Central Airport to the very Peschanaya Street (now Alabyan Street). One more step - and construction will come to the village. The village, they say, was saved by Stalin: during a visit to the construction site, he allegedly spoke out against the demolition of the village. Perhaps this is a legend. And, nevertheless, beautiful, saving.

But still the Falcon remained a tasty morsel. In October 1958, the executive committee of the Moscow Council issued an order to provide part of the land of Sokol (naturally, with the demolition of a number of cottages) to the Administration of the Central Committee of the CPSU. The confrontation between the falconers and the city authorities lasted for four years. And they got their way. The order was cancelled.

However, as it turned out, it was premature to calm down. The plans for the demolition of 54 cottages (out of 119) were already ripening in the offices. Even a house for the resettlement of tenants was determined. There were no people willing to leave Sokol. On the contrary, the falconers, as one, stood up to defend their village. Their voice - to prevent the destruction of the village as a single urban planning and architectural complex - was joined by the Ministry of Culture, the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, unions of architects, artists, and a number of other organizations. The integrity of the village was again managed to be defended. Probably, then they came up with that very legend, they say, Stalin himself said: do not touch the village!

Moreover, it was possible to achieve the decision of the Moscow City Executive Committee to give the village, as a unique architectural and urban planning complex, the status of an urban planning monument. This meant that from now on, not only will no one dare to encroach on the village, but it will be protected in every possible way by the state, in this case by the city and district authorities.

Territorial community

Unfortunately, the expected measures to preserve the monument village did not follow. Everywhere denied, first of all, funds. The Leningrad regional executive committee said so: there are no funds and there won't be any in the next 10-15 years. Even the salary of the janitors was not allocated money. The village was increasingly losing its original appearance.

What was to be done? The salvation of the drowning is the work of the drowning themselves! - decided in the village house committee. We will earn money ourselves, since the go-ahead (the end of the 80s) was given for commercial activities. Created self-supporting structure. What was she supposed to do? Performance on a contractual basis and mainly by individuals of architectural, design and research work, publishing books, translating texts into another language. The money went, however, small, and yet ... All the profits were directed to the repair and restoration of cottages, to the improvement of the territory.

By this time (1988-1990), the Moscow City Council, realizing that it could not solve many local issues without the participation of the residents themselves, began to promote the idea of forming territorial public self-government. The Sokolians liked this idea, because their house committee, in fact, was already a self-governing body. Therefore, at the general meeting on July 14, 1989, it was decided: to restore self-government in the village. What it was like in the 20s. Approved the Charter of the village (in accordance with the Regulations on public self-government, approved by the decision of the Moscow Council of June 22, 1989), elected its governing and supervisory bodies. The main task was seen in the fact that, having recreated the former appearance of the Falcon, to preserve it as a monument of urban planning. And again - to the district executive committee, to the Moscow City Council. And they got "free".

It was a gift of freedom. But also the burden of responsibility: not only to preserve the monument-village (housing stock, non-residential premises, squares, etc.), but also to ensure the normal life of residents: heating, water supply and everything else related. Without receiving a penny from the district and city treasury.

What makes the village live? Due to the lease of non-residential premises, small deductions from the rent of residents and sponsorship (most often services, works) contributions. And yet a lot has been done. Almost half of the cottages were overhauled, every second roof was replaced, new water heaters were installed, and a significant part of the communication systems were updated. Now the village is clean, well-groomed, landscaped. Scored a fountain in the central square. There was also a theater - the theater of animals. A museum of the village was created, the newspaper "Voice of the Falcon" is published.

And, I must say, the "voice" of the village is heard far away. Every now and then, delegations, including foreign ones, come here to admire this miracle of urban planning and architecture, truly a garden city almost in the very center of Moscow. In order, among other things, to see firsthand the possibilities of public self-government. A delegation from Liverpool recently visited - it turns out that there is also such a garden town there. And also with the right of residents to self-government. “It’s true,” the Liverpool residents clarified, “the municipality is helping us.”

But no one helps us, - says the chairman of the council of the territorial community "Sokol Village" M. Rychagov. - And with our task - the preservation of the monument-village - no matter how difficult it is, we cope. In all our self-government affairs, we are supported by the City Duma. But we especially hope for the decree of the Moscow government "On measures to further ensure the safety of the monument of the architectural and urban planning complex - the village of Sokol." A very important document for us. It not only gives a proper assessment of the work of our territorial and, I emphasize, self-financing community, but also defines tasks for strengthening departmental supervision over repair and restoration work in the village, over solving issues of privatization of cottages, and land use.

And one more important point of this resolution: to consider the village of Sokol as an experimental base for working out territorial public self-government in Moscow.

And again this word: "experimental". Such is the fate of the village: to be experimental. Now here - in working out the forms and methods of functioning of the territorial community. And therein lies another originality.

Nikolai Solyanik is a poet, prose writer, publicist, member of the Union of Journalists and the Union of Writers of Russia, laureate of the N. M. Rubtsov All-Russian Literary Prize.

Falcon village. Cycling: Sokol Village Sokol Village

Levitan street, 4. Residential building built in 1925. Architect N.V. Markovnikov. In 1935, this house was damaged and hit the news reports.

Levitan street, 6. Architect N.V. Markovnikov.

Polenova street, 2/12с2. "Watchtower", architects brothers Vesnin

Polenova street, 5/19.

Polenova street, 6/17.

Exit to the Central square of the village from Polenova street

Fountain on the Central Square

Central Square ("Star Square")

Polenova street, 7

Polenova street, 13.

Polenova street, 17.

Polenova st., 18. Residential building 1923–1933 the buildings. Architect N.V. Markovnikov.

Polenova st., 20. Duplex residential building (architect I.I. Kondakov, built in 1931)

Savrasova street, 5/2. Architect I.I. Kondakov

Surikov St., 4. Apartment building (architect N.S. Dyurnbaum)

Surikov st., 5. Until 2011, the house of Nikolai Ivanovich Lyubimov, the creator of the first cell in Moscow of the “Society of Green Plantations Lovers”, stood on this site

Surikov street, 6

Surikov street, 7.

Surikov street

Surikov street, 12. The old house was demolished in 2008.

Surikov street, 13. Gnomes stand on the lawn in front of the house

Surikov street, 14/2. On this site was a two-story six-apartment building built in the 1930s. for the organizations "Zagotzerno" and "Moskhleb" by the architect N.S. Dyurnbaum. Before the war, there was a swimming pool on the roof of the house. Demolished in 2009

Surikov street, 15

Surikov street, 18.

Surikov street

Surikov street, 21. House of S. Tserevitinov. A two-storey log house with a sloping hipped roof ("Vologda hut"). Built in 1923–1924. designed by architect V. Vesnin.

Surikov street, 22/2. A wooden two-story residential building is a kind of “visiting card” of the Sokol village. Built in 1923–1924. Architect N.V. Markovnikov.

Surikov street, 22/2. In the 1920s. This building housed a kindergarten.

Surikov street, 23B. Timber dwelling house. It was built in 1925 by the architects Vesnin brothers. In this house from 1925 to 1966. lived graphic artist P.Ya.Pavlinov.

Bryullov st., 4. Architect N.S.Dyurnbaum. House 1928 the buildings. In this house, the honored architect and honored worker of arts of the Russian Federation D.F. Zhivotov spent his childhood and youth

Bryullov str., 8. House of the family of engineer L.A. Radus. It was built in 1924 from larch in the form of a Russian chopped hut by the architect N.V. Markovnikov.

Location

Story

background

Foundation of the village

origin of name

Design and construction

The village in the 1930s

Village during the war

Modern period

layout

landscaping

Territorial community

Village Museum

Village streets

Notable residents

Notes

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