Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Deputy Director for Scientific Affairs
The Institute of Geography of the SB RAS was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR No. 794 dated November 29, 1957 (in 1960-1982 it was called the Institute of Geography of Siberia and the Far East of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences). In 2005 he was named after an outstanding Russian geographer.
The Institute is a structural unit of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, territorially part of, directly subordinate to the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, works under the scientific and methodological guidance of the Department of Earth Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Joint Scientific Council of Earth Sciences of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The main goal of the institute is to fulfill the fundamental scientific research and applied developments in the priority areas of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the framework of the main scientific areas: the state and development of natural geosystems and their components; geographical bases of sustainable development of Siberian regions.
A significant achievement of the institute was the comprehensive mapping of nature, economy and population of various regions of Asian Russia and neighboring countries. Large cartographic works have been created: the national atlas of Mongolia, the atlases of Transbaikalia, KATEK, Lake. , atlas "Irkutsk region: ecological conditions of development". Last atlas awarded (2006).
The Bureau of Siberian Organizations of the Russian Geographical Society operates at the Institute, as well as its Bureau, which has existed for more than 150 years.
Institute directors
1957 - 1959 : Innokenty Petrovich Gerasimov
1959 - 1976: Viktor Borisovich Sochava
1976 - 2000: Vladimir Vasilyevich Vorobyov
Institute of Geography RAS
| Institute of Geography RAS (IG RAS) |
|
| international name |
Institute of Geography, RAS |
|---|---|
| Founded | |
| Director | |
| Employees |
About 320 people |
| Location | |
| Legal address |
Moscow, Staromonetny lane, 29, [email protected] |
| Website | |
Institute of Geography RAS- Russian state research organization, established in 1918 by the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and part of it (an institution of the RAS), the purpose of which is to obtain, accumulate and systematize scientific geographical knowledge, knowledge about the Earth.
Activity
Main directions of scientific activity
- Evolution of the natural environment and land surface resources.
- Causes and factors of global changes in the natural environment.
- Natural cryogenic systems, dynamics of processes in the cryosphere.
- Geographical problems of nature management and environmental protection.
- Interaction of nature and society in the conditions of increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment.
- Regional bases of sustainable development of nature and society.
- Geoinformation technologies and mapping.
Main achievements
Main achievements for last years:
- Unique fundamental geographic atlases "Nature and Resources of the Earth", "Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources of the World" have been created.
- Criteria for assessing the environmental situation have been developed, more than 30 environmental maps of various scales have been compiled for individual CIS countries and regions of Russia, as well as maps of the risk of natural and man-made disasters.
- The climate history for four climatic cycles (420 thousand years) has been reconstructed from the data of the ice core of the Antarctic ice sheet.
- Change scenarios developed natural areas and landscapes northern hemisphere and Russia in the context of global warming.
- Concepts, methods, programs and technologies of geographic information systems (GIS) and electronic mapping have been developed and implemented.
- Regularities in the shifts in the territorial structure of the economy and society in Russia are revealed, recommendations are given for their optimization.
- A methodology is proposed and an assessment of the resource-economic and environmental reliability of regional systems of nature management in Russia is given.
Story
| stage number | Stage years | Conditional name of the stage | Organization names | Organization leaders | Directions and priorities of research | Activity | Areas of attention |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 1 | 1918-1929 | Formation of the USSR, the formation of the team | * 1918 - Department of Industrial and Geographical Study of the Center of Russia of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of the Country (KEPS) Russian Academy Sciences (RAS); * 1925 - Department of Industrial and Geographical Study of the Center of Russia of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of the Country (KEPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR; * 1926 - Geographic Department of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of the Country (KEPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR. |
* 1918-1923 - M. I. Bogolepov; * 1923-(1951) - A. A. Grigoriev. |
Directions and priorities of research (reorganization of industrial and economic development Soviet Russia): economic, economic-geographical, complex (since 1921) research. | Activity: * diversified expeditionary research; * popularization and promotion of geographical knowledge. |
* Russia (in general, outlying areas); * USSR (regions of new development: Bolshezemelskaya tundra, Kola Peninsula, South Urals, Central Yakutia). |
| Stage 2 | 1930-1941 | Collectivization, industrialization of the USSR, design of the Institute | * 1930 - Geomorphological Institute (GEOMIN) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR; * 1934 - Institute of Physical Geography (IFG) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR; * 1936 - at the merger of the Communist Academy with the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: |
A. A. Grigoriev | Directions and priorities of research: * study of processes and types of natural environment; * methodological research; * economic-geographical, resource, regional studies; * regional studies by industry. |
Activity: * research: theoretical, applied scientific (expeditionary and stationary); * international scientific cooperation. |
USSR (areas of promising economic development: the North, Western Siberia, Central Siberia, Transbaikalia, Far East, Pamir, Central Asia, Kazakhstan). |
| Stage 3 | 1941-1945 | The Great Patriotic War | Institute of Geography (IG) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR. | A. A. Grigoriev | Directions and priorities of research (the victory of the USSR in World War II): * military geography and country studies (applied research - complex, sectoral and methodological): * compilation of general and special military geographical maps, * description of frontline areas, * development of options for the optimal placement of evacuated enterprises, * research of agro-climatic, land, labor resources. |
Activity: * maintenance of combat operations and logistics: * research, expeditions, consultations. |
Studied separately: * USSR (east and south; temporarily occupied territories); * countries participating in World War II. |
| Stage 4 | 1946-1951 | Recovery of the USSR economy | Institute of Geography (IG) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR. | * Until 1951 - A. A. Grigoriev; * 1951-(1985) - I. P. Gerasimov. |
Directions and priorities of research (recovery of the economy and the creation of new territorial production complexes in the USSR) - applied resource, regional studies, general theoretical research: * design of territorial-industrial complexes; * natural and economic-geographical zoning; * branch academic research on geomorphology, climatology, glaciology, biogeography; * natural-historical zoning. |
Activity: * theoretical and applied research; * expeditions; * organizing a network of geographical institutions in the USSR; * training of local personnel. |
Studied separately: * USSR (east); * countries of people's democracy. |
| Stage 5 | 1951-1960 | Development National economy and the transformation of the nature of the USSR | Institute of Geography (IG) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR. | I. P. Gerasimov | … | Activity: * sectoral fundamental and applied research; * organizes geographical science in the USSR; * establishes international scientific relations. |
Studied separately: * USSR: * east (areas of new development); * center (inhabited areas); * countries of people's democracy; * capitalist countries. |
| stage 6 | 1960-1985 | … | Institute of Geography (IG) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR. | I. P. Gerasimov | … | Activity: * studies of the environment, economy, resources, resource availability; * research territorial organization; * organizes and coordinates geographical science in the USSR; * carries out the international cooperation with the CMEA countries. |
Studied separately: * USSR (all regions); * countries of the socialist community; * capitalist and non-aligned countries. |
| Stage 7 | 1985-1991 | Organization of interdisciplinary and specialization of sectoral research | Institute of Geography (IG) of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces (SOPS) of the Academy of Sciences (AN) of the USSR. | * Until 1985 - I.P. Gerasimov. * 1985-(present) - V. M. Kotlyakov |
… | Activity: * resource inventory; * environmental studies; * study of all countries in a single framework: - laws of social development, - environment and ecology; * coordinates geographical science in the USSR and abroad; * participates in international programs of all foreign countries. |
… |
| Stage 8 | 1991-1995 | Geoinformation revolution | Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). | V. M. Kotlyakov | … | Activity: * study of territorial development; * study of the diversity of nature and society; * Serial applied and fundamental research. |
… |
see also
- Pacific Institute of Geography FEB RAS
Notes
Links
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See what the "Institute of Geography RAS" is in other dictionaries:
IGRAN (Staromonetny Lane, 29). Founded in 1918 in Petrograd as the Department of Industrial and Geographical Study of Russia as part of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia (KEPS) at the Russian Academy of Sciences, since 1926 the Geographical Department of KEPS, since ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
- (Staromonetny lane, 29). Founded in 1918 in Petrograd as the Department of Industrial and Geographical Study of Russia as part of the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia (KEPS) at, since 1926, the Geographical Department of KEPS, since 1930 ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
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Institute of Geography. V.B. Sochavy SB RAS (IG SB RAS) Founded [] Location Irkutsk Website ... Wikipedia
Institute of Geography. V.B. Sochavy SB RAS (IG SB RAS) Founded 1957 Location Irkutsk Site http://irigs ... Wikipedia
Institute of Geography. V.B. Sochavy SB RAS (IG SB RAS) Founded in 1957 Location Irkutsk Website http://irigs.irk.ru Institute of Geography. In ... Wikipedia
The Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in 1918 and is the oldest and largest Russian research center in the field of physical and economic geography.
The main directions of scientific activity of the Institute of Geography:
Evolution of the natural environment and land surface resources; causes and factors of global changes in the natural environment; natural cryogenic systems, dynamics of processes in the cryosphere; geographic problems of nature management and environmental protection; interaction of nature and society in the conditions of increasing anthropogenic impact on the environment; regional foundations for sustainable development of nature and society; geoinformation technologies and mapping.
In recent years, the Institute of Geography:
- Unique fundamental geographic atlases "Nature and Resources of the Earth", "Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources of the World" have been created.
- Criteria for assessing the environmental situation have been developed, more than 30 environmental maps of various scales have been compiled for individual CIS countries and regions of Russia, as well as maps of the risk of natural and man-made disasters.
- The climate history for four climatic cycles (420 thousand years) has been reconstructed from the data of the ice core of the Antarctic ice sheet.
- Scenarios for changes in natural zones and landscapes of the Northern Hemisphere and Russia under global climate warming have been developed.
- Concepts, methods, programs and technologies of geographic information systems (GIS) and electronic mapping have been developed and implemented.
- Regularities in the shifts in the territorial structure of the economy and society in Russia are revealed; recommendations for their optimization are given.
- A methodology is proposed and an assessment of the resource-economic and environmental reliability of regional systems of nature management in Russia is given.
Apart from fundamental research The Institute is actively engaged in theoretical developments related to the solution of applied problems. Employees of the institute took an active part in the preparation of laws on environmental protection and environmental expertise, the development of a number of environmental regulations and specific standards. The Institute created the first maps of the state of the environment in the USSR, Russia, a number of CIS countries and far-abroad countries. In accordance with the agreements of the Soviet and Russian Governments with UNEP, the EU, the World Bank, the institute has repeatedly carried out environmental assessment (EIA), environmental audit, environmental expertise and the development of measures to reduce negative consequences economic activity. Employees of the Institute constantly take part in the work of the State Ecological Expertise.
The Institute carries out special work on the creation of geographic information systems and space monitoring. It has a collection of the most important GIS used in the world, as well as developing original GIS that are used by the Russian Government, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and a number of other departments.
The Institute is doing a lot of work on the training of highly qualified personnel. Most of the heads of geographical institutions of the CIS countries and many Eastern European countries are postgraduate graduates of the Institute of Geography. Currently, 20 graduate students and 5 applicants study at the Institute annually. . The Institute has three specialized councils for the defense of doctoral dissertations, which accept dissertations in 9 specialties of the HAC nomenclature.
The institute publishes three academic journals in various areas of geography: “Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Geographic series”, “Geomorphology”, “Ice and Snow”
history of the institute
The formation of Russian geography after 1917 is actually associated with the emergence and development of the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The ideological basis of its creation was the Russian scientific geographical schools late XIX- the beginning of the twentieth century, the works of V.V. Dokuchaeva, P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, A.I. Voeikov and D.N. Anuchin, who, back in 1915, proposed organizing a Central Geographical Institute in Russia to study “the inner parts of our fatherland”.
The institute arose initially as the Industrial and Geographical Department of the KEPS (Commission for the Study of Natural Productive Forces), only six months after the change of power in 1917. The young republic needed a clear economic and geographical assessment of the state of the country and its natural resource potential, and the assessment is strategic. Ten years later, the Institute was renamed the Geographical Department of KEPS, Academician A.A. Grigoriev. A huge country began the development of remote regions, about the nature of which little was known. In 1934, the department became the Institute of Geomorphology, then, after the USSR Academy of Sciences moved to Moscow, it became the Institute of Physical Geography, and in 1936, the Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences (IGAN).
By 1941, there were more than 100 people on the staff of the Institute. The priority task of the institute was the physical and geographical description of the territory of the USSR on the basis of the results of expeditionary research and their monographic generalization in the series of books "Geography of the USSR". During the war period (1941-1945) and until the mid-1950s. in the activities of the Institute, and indeed in almost all domestic geography, the area of regional studies dominated. It made it possible to draw up a kind of "geographical portrait of the country", in the creation of which the institute took an active part.
With the name of Academician I.P. Gerasimov, who replaced A.A. Grigoriev as director of the institute, the development of a new direction in domestic geography - the so-called "constructive geography", which included a new methodology for non-economic assessment, planning, forecasting, monitoring, and scientific expertise. In 1956, the USSR Academy of Sciences, and, in fact, at the institute, created the Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences on reserves. In 1958, through the efforts of his employees - D.L. Armanda, S.V. Kirikova, A.N. Formozov and others - a new plan for the development of the USSR reserve system was prepared, and a draft of the first law on nature protection in Russian Federation, adopted in 1960. During these years, the geographical foundations were laid at the Institute environmental management, territorial planning and forecasting.
By 1957, 370 people worked at the Institute, representing mainly the physical-geographical wing of the scientific community. Thaw in the 1950s and 60s opened for domestic geographers the achievements of world geography, primarily its socio-economic areas. After the holding of the 23rd International Geographical Congress in Moscow in 1976, in the organization of which the Institute took an active part, IGAN advanced to the leading geographical institution of the country, in the ranks of which there were many outstanding scientists, laureates of state and other awards, authors of recognized scientific works . Among this galaxy, G.A. Avsyuka, B.L. Dzerdzeevsky, G.M. Lappo, M.I. Lvovich, Yu.A. Meshcheryakova, A.A. Mints, G.D. Richter and more. others
By the mid 1980s. and by the beginning of perestroika, the staff of the institute had grown to 700 people.
In 1986, Academician V.M. Kotlyakov, who has worked in this position for almost 30 years. The end of the twentieth century was marked by a sharp greening and globalization of public consciousness and a rapid growth of interest in global issues science. During these years, the institute took a leading position in the Academy of Sciences in the field of global environmental problems, headed a number of councils and committees of the Academy of Sciences: the Scientific Council for the Study of the Arctic and Antarctic, the National Committee for the International Geosphere and Biosphere Program, the Committee for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Joint Scientific Council on Fundamental Geographical Problems at the International Association of Academies of Sciences.
Among the main areas of work of the Institute of Geography at the turn of the century was a global approach to geographical research, which was reflected in the publication in the late 1990s. two world atlases: "The natural environment and resources of the world" and "Atlas of snow and ice resources of the world". We studied global changes and processes in social geography, the geography of risk and catastrophes. New research methods based on isotope-geochemical, geoinformation and computational methods were actively introduced. Although the staff of the institute was reduced to 350 employees, the institute continued to work on a wide field of geography and was the methodological center of all geographical research in Russia.
Now the Institute continues a wide front of work under the leadership of Corresponding Member, elected in 2015 as Director. RAS O.N. Solomina.
Director of the Institute Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladimir Mikhailovich Kotlyakov, leader of world and national geography and glaciology, laureate of the State Prize of Russia. Deputy Directors: Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Olga Nikolaevna Solomina, prominent glaciologist, dendrochronologist and paleoclimatologist; Professor, Doctor of Geography Arkady Alexandrovich Tishkov, a generally recognized leader in the field of biogeography and geoecology, a specialist in the geography of polar countries; Deputy Director for Administrative and Economic Work Alexander Rufinovich Chernogubov. Scientific secretary - candidate of geographical sciences Elena Anatolyevna Belonovskaya, biogeographer, specialist in the Caucasus.
Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IG RAS) was established in 1918 in Petrograd, when a special Department for the Industrial and Geographical Study of Russia was organized under the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia (KEPS) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. It had less than 10 employees. After 9 years, the department was named Geographical; in 1930, during the reorganization of KEPS, the Geomorphological Institute was established on the basis of the Geographical Department. In 1934 it was transferred to Moscow and renamed the Institute of Physical Geography and, finally, in 1936 it was named the Institute of Geography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, now the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
At present, an institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences - the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences - is the leading academic institution of a geographical profile in the country, a leader in research in the field of fundamental and applied geography in Russia and a forge of highly qualified geographers. The Institute employs 340 people, including 1 academician, 1 corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 50 doctors and 135 candidates of sciences. Most of the Institute's employees are graduates of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov.
Over the decades, the nature of the tasks facing the Institute has changed, but several stable fundamental directions have been preserved. This is the study of the spatial structure of the geographical shell, the identification of the history of the formation and development of modern nature (landscapes), the study of geographical processes, the search for patterns in the processes of the spatial (territorial) organization of society, the study of the interaction of society and nature, including in conditions of global environmental change.
Among the most important achievements in the field of geographical theory developed by the Institute's staff are the study of the geographic shell of the Earth (Academician A.A. Grigoriev), the morphostructures and morphosculptures of the Earth (Academician I.P. Gerasimov); identification of patterns of evolution and climate dynamics over the past 100-200 thousand years (academician V.M. Kotlyakov, A.N. Krenke); saturation of geography with dynamic, evolutionary and anthropogenic components (V.M. Kotlyakov, N.F. Glazovsky); formation and development of new branches of geography: complex climatology, structural geomorphology (I.P. Gerasimov, Yu.A. Meshcheryakov), evolutionary geography (A.A. Velichko), snow science, engineering geography (V.N. Kunin, S.L. Vendrov), recreational geography (V.S. Preobrazhensky), geography of the world economy, ecological geography, etc.
Among the priority topical studies are: the dynamics of the cryosphere, the evolution of the natural environment, the natural and anthropogenic dynamics of the relief, soils, biota and landscapes; development of scientific principles of nature conservation, regional features of sustainable development, geoinformation technologies and thematic mapping.
The Institute conducts expeditionary research in different regions of Russia, the CIS and far abroad. Permanent expeditions work in the central regions and in the north of European Russia, in the North Caucasus, in the mountains and on the plains Central Asia, in the Arctic and Antarctic.
Achievements of the Institute of Geography in recent years: creation of thematic geographical maps and comprehensive atlases (for example, the Atlas of snow and ice resources, the Atlas of natural and man-made hazards and risks emergencies in the Russian Federation); development of new GIS technologies; creation new system economic zoning; creation of a theory of the undulating nature of global integration processes in the world economy; creation of methods for ecological and geographical diagnostics, ecological mapping and monitoring of the state of lands, introduction of landscape planning methods into practice; creating forecasts for the development of natural processes (for example, forecasts for the spread and frequency of droughts in the 21st century, changes in permafrost until 2070, decrease in the mass of Arctic and mountain glaciers, etc.); creating climate forecasts; creation of a methodology for forecasting the regime of glacial systems based on changes in the average heights of the boundary of their supply and forecast for 2040-2070; completion of large-scale paleoclimatic reconstructions and the creation on their basis of the atlas-monograph “Development of the climate and landscapes of the Northern Hemisphere over the past 130 thousand years; and etc.
The Moscow Center of the Russian Geographical Society, the National Committee of Russian Geographers, the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the Study of the Arctic and Antarctic, the Joint Scientific Council for Fundamental Geographical Problems under the International Association of Academies of Sciences operate at the Institute.
Under the auspices of the Institute, 3 academic journals are published: Izvestiya RAS. Geographic Series”, “Geomorphology”, “Ice and Snow” (which replaced “Materials of Glaciological Research” in 2010). The Institute also participates in the publication of social science journals (“Problems of Regional Ecology”, “Ecological Planning and Management”, etc.).
