Screening test for the course “General Linguistics. Test for the course "General Linguistics" The Tatar language belongs to
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Olesya Vladimirovna Yudaeva
Tests in the discipline "Introduction to Linguistics"
Foreword
The course "Introduction to Linguistics" is a propaedeutic linguistic discipline designed to provide a starting methodological and general theoretical basis for the formation of a broad philological outlook for future translators. Giving students scientific ideas about the essence of language, its place in the system of culturally significant means of communication, about the method of scientific representation and description of language, about the relationship between the history of society and the history of language, language and thought, language and culture, revealing the applied issues of linguistics, this course contributes to the development of the scientific worldview of students as a result of the assimilation of theoretical knowledge about the language and the development of practical skills in foreign language speech.
Thus, the course "Introduction to Linguistics" is closely related to the study of private linguistics (theoretical phonetics, lexicology and phraseology, theoretical grammar, history and style of the language being studied) and practical development foreign languages and this relationship is two-way. Course "Introduction to Linguistics" on initial stage education creates a theoretical basis for studying the theory and practice of foreign languages and creates prerequisites for further linguistic development and professional development of students.
The modern education system involves constant monitoring of the process of assimilation by students theoretical foundations studied disciplines. As practice shows, in many educational systems not only in our country, but also abroad, such a control method as a test is actively used today. Its undoubted advantages include efficiency in application, relatively small labor costs in processing, the objective nature of the evaluation criteria, etc.
This manual is a collection of training tests in the discipline "Introduction to Linguistics".
Test tasks are developed taking into account the structure and content of basic textbooks and teaching aids in the discipline being studied.
The use of the collection by teachers and students makes it possible to solve specific educational tasks:
- diagnostic, which manifests itself in obtaining primary information about the quality of knowledge, skills and abilities, psychological qualities trainees for acceptance right decisions;
- training, which is implemented when using tasks in a test form to identify gaps in knowledge, consolidate them, and gain the ability to work with tests;
- developing, which manifests itself in additional reflection and motivation for learning based on the results of intermediate testing;
- organizing, which manifests itself in a change by the teacher of the structure educational process based on test methods;
- educational, associated with an increase learning motivation, the formation of both responsibility for the results of study, and attitudes towards cooperation, self-organization and self-training;
- managerial, which is associated with the analysis of test results and decision-making to improve the level of educational achievements.
Tasks are given in a formalized form, they are offered three answers. Only one is correct.
The manual includes tests on the main sections of the introduction to linguistics and keys.
These tests can be used by both teachers and students.
Topic 1 General information about linguistics and language as a means of communication
1. Linguistics is
1) the science of the vocabulary of the language, its vocabulary
2) the science of human natural language and all the languages of the world as its specific representatives, the general laws of the structure and functioning of human language
3) integrative science that studies the mechanisms of generation and perception of speech
2. Interest in learning the language arose in
1) Germany in the 19th century.
2) Russia in the XVIII century.
3) ancient india 3 thousand years ago
3. Scientific linguistics originated in
1) early XIX in.
2) III century. BC e.
3) Middle Ages
4. The section of linguistics that studies a particular language with the aim of using it as a means of communication is
1) private linguistics
2) theoretical linguistics
3) practical linguistics
5. The section of linguistics that studies the theory of language: the essence of language as a system, language units and relations between them, the rules of combinatorics, etc., is
1) applied linguistics
2) theoretical linguistics
3) practical linguistics
6. A section of theoretical linguistics that deals with the study of one language or a group of languages is
1) private linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
7. The section of theoretical linguistics that deals with the study of language in general, its nature, origin, functioning, is
1) private linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
8. The section of theoretical linguistics that studies the state of the language system at a certain point in its development is
1) diachronic linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
9. The section of theoretical linguistics that studies the development of a language system over time is
1) diachronic linguistics
2) general linguistics
3) synchronic linguistics
10. Speech is
11. Language is
1) specific speaking, flowing in time and clothed in sound or graphic form
2) a sign system that serves as the main means of communication
3) intentional construction of an artistic narrative in accordance with the principles of organizing linguistic material and characteristic external speech signs
1) material, concrete, real, dynamic, individual
2) ideal, abstract, potential, conservative, social
3) dynamic, individual, ideal, abstract, potential
1) material, concrete, real, dynamic, individual
2) ideal, abstract, potential, conservative, social
3) dynamic, individual, ideal, abstract, potential
14. Language - a means of coordinating people's activities - is
1) cognitive function
2) metalanguage function
3) communicative function
15. Language is a means of obtaining new knowledge about reality - it is
1) cognitive function
2) metalanguage function
3) communicative function
16. Language - a means of describing the language itself - is
1) cognitive function
2) metalanguage function
3) communicative function
17. Language - a means of expressing emotions - is
1) expressive function
2) emotive function
3) communicative function
18. Language - a means of regulating people's activities - is
1) cognitive function
2) regulatory function
3) communicative function
19. Language is a means of expressing the creative potential of a person, correlated with aesthetic categories beautiful - ugly - this
1) cognitive function
2) aesthetic function
3) emotive function
20. Language - a means of establishing contact - is
1) cognitive function
2) communicative function
3) phatic function
21. Language - a means of accumulating and transmitting information from generation to generation - is
1) accumulative function
2) cognitive function
3) communicative function
22. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language arose from the imitation of the sounds of nature, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) interjection theory
23. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which emotional cries of joy, fear, pain, etc. led to the creation of language, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) interjection theory
24. The hypothesis of the origin of the language, according to which people agreed on the designation of objects with words, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) the theory of the employment contract
25. The hypothesis of the origin of the language, according to which the language appeared in the course of collective work from rhythmic labor cries, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) interjection theory
26. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which labor created man, and at the same time language arose, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) labor theory
27. The hypothesis of the origin of the language, according to which the language arose abruptly, immediately with a rich vocabulary and language system, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) gesture theory
3) jump theory
28. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language is a natural organism that arises spontaneously, has a certain life span and dies as an organism, is
1) the theory of labor cries
2) biological theory
3) jump theory
29. The hypothesis of the origin of language, according to which language is an act of the creative activity of God, is
1) theistic theory
2) onomatopoeic theory
3) the theory of the employment contract
30. Adherents of the onomatopoeic hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
2) E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau
3) A. Schleicher
31. Adherents of the interjectional hypothesis of the origin of the language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
3) A. Schleicher
32. Adherents of the biological hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
2) Ch. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau
3) A. Schleicher, T. Hobbes
33. Adherents of the sign hypothesis of the origin of language were
1) Stoics, G. Leibniz
3) A. Schleicher, T. Hobbes
34. Adherents of the hypothesis of labor cries of the origin of the language were
1) L. Noiret, K. Bucher
2) Ch. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau, W. Wundt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
35. Adherents of the labor hypothesis of the origin of the language were
1) L. Noiret
2) Ch. de Brosse, E. de Condillac, J.-J. Rousseau, W. Wundt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
36. Adherents of the hypothesis of a spontaneous leap in the origin of language were
1) L. Noiret
2) W. Humboldt
3) F. Engels, K. Marx
37. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is an innate physiological property of a person, due to the presence of specialized nerve centers in the cerebral cortex, as well as the organs of speech and hearing, is
3) sociological concept
38. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is a natural phenomenon that does not depend on the will of the speaker, is
1) anatomical and physiological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
39. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is an individual mental act, a phenomenon of people's psychological activity, is
1) sociological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
40. One of the main concepts of the nature of language, according to which language is a social phenomenon, is
1) sociological concept
2) naturalistic concept
3) psychological concept
41. The form of the existence of a language in the era of the existence of a nation, a complex systemic unity that includes different forms, is
2) literary language
3) vernacular
42. A processed form of the national language, which has more or less written norms; the language of all manifestations of culture expressed in verbal form is
1) national language
2) literary language
3) vernacular
43. The main features of the literary language are
1) the presence of writing; normalization, codification, stylistic diversity, relative stability; generality and universality
2) the presence of writing; irregularity, non-codification, stylistic diversity
3) stylistic diversity, dynamism; uncommonness and uncommonness
44. The historically conditioned set of commonly used language means, as well as the rules for their selection and use, recognized by society as the most suitable in a particular historical period, - this
1) synchrony
3) occasionalism
45. A variety of this language used as a means of communication with persons connected by a close territorial community is
1) vernacular
3) dialect
46. A social dialect that differs from the common language in specific vocabulary and phraseology, expressiveness of phrases and a special use of word-formation means, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system, is
1) dialect
2) literary language
47. Expressions, grammatical forms and constructions common in non-literary colloquial speech, characteristic of poorly educated native speakers and clearly deviating from existing literary language norms, are
1) vernacular
3) dialect
48. Special languages, unlike natural languages, are purposefully constructed; are used to perform individual functions of natural language, in information processing systems, etc., are
1) living languages
2) artificial languages
3) sign languages
49. A language that does not exist in living use and, as a rule, is known only from written monuments or is in artificial regulated use, is
1) sign language
2) dead language
3) agglutinative language
50. The language used to express judgments about another language, the language-object, is
1) hyperlanguage
2) metalanguage
Topic 2 Phonetic-phonological level of the language
1. The section of linguistics that studies the sounds of speech and the sound structure of the language (syllables, sound combinations, patterns of connecting sounds in a speech chain) is
1) phonology
2) phonetics
3) psychophonetics
2. Sounding speech has two main levels
1) segment and super-segment
2) phonetic and phonological
3) general and private
The segment level units are
1) intonation and stress
The units of the supersegment level are
1) intonation and stress
5. There are three aspects of phonetic research
1) anatomical and physiological (articulatory), psychological, functional
2) acoustic, cultural, psychological
3) anatomical and physiological (articulatory), acoustic, functional
6. The anatomical and physiological aspect explores the sounds of speech from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
7. The acoustic aspect explores the sounds of speech from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
8. The functional aspect explores the sounds of speech from the point of view
1) their creation
2) physical characteristics
3) functionality
9. The minimum unit of the speech chain, which is the result of a complex articulatory activity of a person and is characterized by certain acoustic and perceptual properties, is
3) morphoneme
10. The totality of human organs necessary for the production of speech is
1) pronunciation apparatus
2) oral cavity
3) speech apparatus
11. In the speech apparatus, all organs are divided into
1) open, closed
2) active, passive
3) perceiving, generating
12. Active organs of speech include
13. Passive organs of speech include
3) teeth, alveoli, hard palate and the entire upper jaw
14. The complex of works of the organs of speech in a certain sequence is
1) phonation
2) acoustics
3) articulation
15. The set of habitual movements and states of the speech organs necessary for pronouncing the sounds of a given language is
1) articulation base
2) articulatory correlation
3) articulatory paradigm
16. The main phases of the articulation of sounds will be the following
1) inhale, hold the breath, exhale
2) excursion, excerpt, recursion
3) resonance, duration, recursion
17. The correct sequence of phases in the articulation of sounds is as follows
1) excursion, excerpt, recursion
2) excursion, recursion, excerpt
3) recursion, excerpt, excursion
18. The position in which the organs of speech pass from a calm state or articulation of the previous sound to the position necessary for pronouncing this sound is
1) excerpt
2) recursion
3) excursion
19. The position in which the speech organs go into a calm state or in an attack on the articulation of the next sound is
1) excerpt
2) recursion
3) excursion
20. The position at which the position necessary for pronouncing a sound is maintained is
1) excerpt
2) recursion
3) excursion
21. All sounds are divided into
1) vowels and consonants
2) hard and soft
3) voiced and deaf
22. The set of vowels is
1) consonantism
2) vocalism
3) palatalization
23. The set of consonants is
1) consonantism
2) vocalism
3) palatalization
24. The basis for the classification of vowels is
2) a kind of barrier that the organs of speech form for the air flow coming from the lungs
3) row and rise of the tongue, as well as the work of the lips
25. According to the position of the lips, vowels are divided into:
1) noisy and sonorous
2) labialized and non-labialized
3) nasal and non-nasal
26. Horizontal displacement of the tongue to the front or back is
3) affricate
27. The following rows of vowels are distinguished
1) front, middle, rear
2) top, middle, bottom
3) front, middle, bottom
28. The degree of elevation of the tongue during the formation of a given vowel is
3) affricate
29. The following vowel rises are distinguished
1) front, middle, rear
2) top, middle, bottom
3) front, middle, bottom
30. The vowel that forms the top of a syllable is
1) consonant
3) affricate
31. Vowels with complex articulation, pronounced in one syllable and acting as a single speech sound, are
1) diphthongoid
3) diphthong
32. Stressed vowels that have an overtone of another vowel at the beginning or end, close to the stressed one, are
1) diphthongoid
3) diphthong
33. The following signs serve as the basis for the classification of consonants:
1) the kind of barrier that the organs of speech form for the air flow coming from the lungs, the row and rise of the tongue
2) row and rise of the tongue, as well as the work of the lips
3) method of articulation, active organ, place of articulation, work of the vocal cords
34. The nature of overcoming an obstacle and the passage of an air stream while creating the noise necessary for the formation of a consonant is
1) way of education
2) place of education
35. Consonants formed by the explosion of an obstacle with an air stream are
1) occlusive
2) sonorous
3) slotted
36. Consonants formed by rubbing the air jet against the walls of the passage created by the convergence of the speech organs of the oral cavity are
1) occlusive
2) sonorous
3) fricatives
37. According to the active organ, consonants are divided into three genders:
1) labial, lingual, lingual
2) stop, labial, lingual
3) cacuminal, apical, dorsal
38. Consonants articulated by bringing the anterior back of the tongue closer to the upper teeth and the anterior palate are
1) how cuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
39. Consonants articulated by approaching or touching the tip of the tongue with the upper teeth and alveoli are
1) how cuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
40. Consonants articulated by raising the tip of the tongue bent upwards are
1) how cuminal
2) apical
3) dorsal
41. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in additional raising the back of the tongue to the hard palate, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
42. Such pronunciation of a consonant, in which it is accompanied by a lip noise, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
43. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in the movement of the back wall of the tongue towards the soft palate, is
1) labialization
2) palatalization
3) velarization
44. Articulation of speech sounds, which consists in lowering the palatine curtain and the simultaneous exit of an air stream through the mouth and nose, is
1) labialization
2) nasalization
3) velarization
45. The unit of language, with the help of which morphemes and thus words are distinguished and identified, is
3) morphoneme
46. Phonemes perform the following functions:
1) semantic, morphological, syntactic
2) delimitative, perceptual, significative
47. The term "phoneme" was introduced into scientific use
1) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
2) A. Schleicher
3) W. von Humboldt
48. An individual, single representative of a phoneme in speech is
1) option
2) syntagma
49. The opposition of phonemes to each other in the phonological system of a language is
1) opposition
2) position
3) transcription
50. Isolation in speech of a certain unit in a series of homogeneous units using the intensity (energy) of sound is
1) intonation
2) phonation
3) accent
51. The selection of one of the syllables in a word and the subordination of all other unstressed syllables to it is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
52. An accent that performs a phonetic and sematic-syntactic role, combining words into measures and phrases, is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
53. The stress that emphasizes words and measures in the actual division of a sentence is
1) phrasal stress
2) logical stress
3) word stress
54. The type of stress, characterized by the unity of pitch, but a change in the strength and duration of the sound, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) monotonic stress
55. The type of stress, characterized by a change in pitch, its musicality, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) monotonic stress
56. The type of monotonic stress, in which the syllable is emphasized by the force of the air stream, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) quantitative stress
57. The type of monotonic stress, in which the syllable is distinguished by duration, is
1) polytonic stress
2) dynamic stress
3) quantitative stress
58. According to the place of stress in a word, they distinguish
59. According to the degree of fixation in the word, they distinguish
1) different and mobile stress
2) fixed and free stress
3) phrasal and logical stress
60. The totality of the sound means of a language, which, superimposed on a number of spoken and audible syllables and words, organize speech phonetically, dividing it according to meaning into phrases and significant segments - syntagmas; establish semantic relationships between the parts of the phrase; give the phrase, and sometimes significant segments, narrative, interrogative, imperative, and other meanings; express different emotions
2) intonation
3) accent
61. The elements of intonation are
1) melody of speech, pauses, stress, rate of speech, timbre of voice
2) noise, loudness, velarization
3) beat, sound, phonetic word
62. In writing, intonation is usually expressed
1) punctuation marks, dividing the text into paragraphs, varying fonts
2) spelling
3) lexically
63. Functions of intonation:
1) integrating, segmenting, emotive, differentiating, communicative
2) semantic, morphological, syntactic
3) communicative, perceptual, cognitive, meta-linguistic
64. Loss of sound in a complex combination of sounds is
1) diarrhea
2) epenthesis
3) metathesis
65. A partial change in the articulation of adjacent sounds - vowels and consonants - is
1) assimilation
2) reduction
3) accommodation
66. Replacing one of two identical or similar (at the place of formation) sounds with another, less similar in articulation to the one that remained unchanged, is
1) assimilation
2) dissimilation
3) accommodation
67. The appearance of an additional sound in a word is
1) metathesis
2) epenthesis
3) prosthesis
68. The appearance in the absolute beginning of a word of a consonant sound (in other languages also a vowel), not etymologically justified, but caused by phonetic reasons, is
1) metathesis
2) epenthesis
3) prosthesis
69. Rearrangement of sounds or syllables in a word on the basis of assimilation or dissimilation is
1) metathesis
2) haplology
3) prosthesis
70. Loss in a word of one of two adjacent identical or close in meaning syllables is
1) metathesis
2) haplology
3) prosthesis
71. Unstressed words adjacent to the next word are
1) enclitics
2) interclitics
3) proclitics
72. Unstressed words adjacent to the previous word are
1) enclitics
2) interclitics
3) proclitics
73. Weakening and changing the sound quality of a vowel sound is
1) synharmonism
2) reduction
3) alliteration
74. Reduction is of two types:
1) qualitative and quantitative
2) complete and incomplete
3) normative and usual
75. The order of phonetic articulation of sounding speech:
1) phrase, speech tact, phonetic word, sound, syllable
2) phrase, phonetic word, speech tact, syllable, sound
3) phrase, speech tact, phonetic word, syllable, sound
76. A segment of speech that is relatively complete in terms of meaning and intonation is
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
77. Parts of a sentence that are more or less complete in meaning are
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
78. A segment of sounding speech, united by one verbal stress, is
2) speech tact
3) phonetic word
79. Various superscript, subscript, less often intralinear characters used in alphabetic types of writing to change or clarify the meaning of individual characters are
1) diacritics
2) descriptive signs
3) derivational signs
80. The superscript comma used in alphabetic writing in various functions is
1) apocrypha
2) assonance
3) apostrophe
81. The translation of one graphic system of the alphabet into another (that is, the transfer of letters of one script by letters of another) is
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) transposition
82. Conditional transmission of the sound of a word with the help of specially adopted signs is
1) transcription
2) transliteration
3) transposition
83. The totality of the norms of the national language, ensuring the unity of its sound design, is
1) spelling
2) orthoepy
3) orthology
84. The totality of the features of the articulation of sounds in each particular language is
1) spelling
2) orthoepy
I option
1. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
2. The cognitive function of language is the ability
B) express the internal state of the speaker
C) serve as a means of communication
3. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
4. The elementary minimum part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
5. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
6. The grammar of Panini expounds
A) Sanskrit grammar system
B) Sanskrit lexical system
C) Sanskrit phonetic system
D) stylistic features of Sanskrit
7. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
B) VII - VIII centuries.
8. Paradigmatics is
9. At the origins of Russian psycholinguistics were
A) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, S. Kartsevsky
B) V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Shcherba
C) F. F. Fortunatov, F. I. Buslaev
D) L. S. Vygotsky, A. M. Leontiev
10. Language signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) proper signs
11. He represented the complex essence of the language in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
12. Representatives of the behavioral trend in psychology
C) have nothing to do with the development of psycholinguistics
13. The "General Rational Grammar" developed by the learned monks of "Por - Royale" was based on
B) philosophy
C) psychology
D) natural science
14. National bilingualism is typical for such a language situation when
A) citizens of the country use colloquial and literary language
B) citizens of the country know their native dialect and national language
C) people of different nationalities live in the country
D) the country has two official languages
15. The merit of neogrammarists is
A) their discovery of the language law
D) empiricism and inductivism
16. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
B) A. Meie, L. Bloomfield, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, L. Hjelmslev
17. The thesis “Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics” belongs to the famous linguist
A) S. Bally
C) F. de Saussure
D) J. Vandries
18. The theory of psychological communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Shakhmatov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
19. Moscow Linguistic School is a representative
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
20. Linguodidactics is
II option
1. Diachronic universals are
A) grammatical universals presented in ancient languages
B) general trends in the development of various languages
C) the history of the formation and development of one of the syntactic categories
D) semantic universals that have lost their meaning
2. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) Baudouin de Courtenay
B) E. D. Polivanova
C) N. V. Krushevsky
D) V. A. Bogoroditsky
3. What is the essence of N. Chomsky's concept?
A) The transition of language from the subject form to the form of activity
B) Supra-individualization of speech activity
C) The notion of the universality of the innate rules of language operation
D) Speech activity as one of the types of human activity
4. A pidgin results from
B) the disappearance of a language to replace it
D) mass interethnic contacts
5. "New Doctrine of Language" developed
A) V. V. Vinogradov
B) I. And Meshchaninov
C) N. Y. Marr
D) L. V. Shcherba
A) modality, time, face
B) time, face
C) modality, face
D) modality, time
7. Linguodidactics is
A) a pedagogical discipline dealing with the development of a child's speech
B) a scientific discipline dealing with the description of the language system and its units for educational purposes
C) a linguistic discipline dealing with the development of language ability
D) discipline that develops problems higher education
8. The emergence of nationalities is associated with
A) the development of the productive forces of society
B) replacing former tribal ties with territorial ties
C) the emergence of private property and the collapse of primitive communal relations
D) the development of the productive forces of society, the emergence of private property, the collapse of primitive communal relations and the replacement of former tribal ties with territorial ties
9. The division of mankind into races is completely connected with the division of the population
A) territorial
B) ethnic
C) social
D) religious
10. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
A) A Leontiev
B) J. Miller
C) L. V. Shcherba
D) L. S. Vygotsky
12. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
13. Moscow Linguistic School presents
14. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
15. The activities of the Prague Linguistic Circle are connected with
A) descriptive linguistics
B) glossematics
C) sociolinguistics
D) functional linguistics
16. The theory of psycholinguistic communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Potebnya
C) A. A. Shakhmatov
D) F. I. Buslaev
17. The languages used for international communication are
A) Afrikaans, Swahili
B) English, Russian
C) Lithuanian, Armenian
D) Chinese, Mongolian
18. He represented the complex essence of the language in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
19. The cognitive function of language is the ability
A) express the internal state of the speaker
B) serve as a means of communication
C) influence the addressee of the speech
D) serve as a means of cognition of the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
20. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is engaged in
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) general linguistics
D) philology
III option
1. The merit of neogrammarists is
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism, emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
2. The doctrine of language as a category of living organisms belongs
A) G. Steinthal
B) A. Schleicher
C) W. von Humboldt
D) G Curtius
3. The origin of any language must be considered with
A) the culture of a native speaker of a given language
B) the mentality of the people themselves
C) socio-economic development of the people
D) the history of the people themselves - the native speaker of this language
4. Most domestic researchers of synchrony and diachrony proceeded from the thesis
A) synchrony and dachrony are in sharp opposition to each other and therefore retain their specificity
B) synchrony and diachrony, constantly interacting, lose their specificity
C) synchrony and diachrony constantly interact, retaining their specificity
D) the opposition of synchronic and diachronic points of view is completely absolute and uncompromising
5. Among the founders of the sociological attack were
A) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
B) R. Rask, F. Bopp, W. von Humboldt
C) G. Steinthal, A. Schleicher
D) A. A. Shakhmatov, F. F. Fortunatov
6. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society, with the functions of the language, is engaged
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
7. Foreign psycholinguistics arose in
A) early 20th century
B) 70s of the XX century
C) 50s of XX century
D) late XIX century
8. Consciousness is
A) manifestation of language ability
B) the highest form of mental reflection of reality
C) one of the sides of the relationship between language and thinking
D) self-realization of a linguistic personality
9. What is the essence of thinking?
A) Thinking is the essence of the human brain
B) The quality of any natural language
C) The system of expressing the meaning of words
D) Property of artificial language
10. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
11. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) N. V. Krushevsky
B) V. A. Bogoroditsky
C) E. D. Polivanova
D) Baudouin de Courtenay
12. A pidgin results from
A) conscious human activity
B) mass interethnic contacts
C) constant contact of two languages
D) the disappearance of a language to replace it
13. The division of mankind into races is connected with the division of the population
A) ethnic
B) territorial
C) religious
D) social
A) time, face
B) modality, face
C) modality, time, face
D) modality, time
15. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
16. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
17. The founder of American structuralism (descriptive linguistics) is
B) E. Sapir
C) L. Bloomfield
D) G. Gleason
18. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
19. Semantic classifiers (keys) indicated
A) what vowels make up the word
B) how many syllables are in the word
C) what semantic sphere, area of reality does this word refer to
D) what consonants are included in the word
20. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) a set of cultural, figurative and verbal signs
B) sign system
IV option
1. Analogy is
A) grammatical changes in the language
B) establishing an associative relationship between language units
C) assimilation of some elements of the language to other elements of the same level, more common and productive, or convergence of such elements
D) changing the semantics of the word according to the metaphorical type
2. The founder of Copenhagen structuralism (glossematics) is
A) H. I. Uldall
B) K. Togeby
C) K. Werner
D) L. Elmslev
2. The doctrine of the morphological structure of the word was developed in the works of a representative of the Kazan Linguistic School
A) V. A. Bogoroditsky
B) N. V. Krushevsky
C) J. A. Baudouin de Courtenay
D) A. I. Alexandrova
4. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
A) VII - VIII centuries.
5. The theory of psychological communication was put forward by
A) A. A. Shakhmatov
B) A. Kh. Vostokov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
6. Communicative function language is the ability
A) serve as a means of cognition of the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
B) serve as a means of communication
C) express the internal state of the speaker
D) influence the addressee of the speech
7. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is engaged in
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
8. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
9. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) paradigmatic
B) linguistic
C) syntagmatic
D) stylistic
10. The thesis "Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics" belongs
A) S. Bally
C) J. Vandries
D) F. de Saussure
11. The elementary minimum part of a value, its component is
D) archisema
12. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) sign system
B) a set of cultural, figurative, verbal signs
C) semiotic system of verbal and non-verbal signs
D) an exponent of the spirit and character of the people
13. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
14. Representatives of the behavioral trend in psychology
A) are major critics of psycholinguistic theories
B) made a great contribution to the development of psycholinguistics
C) have nothing to do with psycholinguistics
D) deny the very possibility of the existence of psycholinguistics
15. Historical and cultural area is
A) same as language union
B) the union of several language unions
C) the unification of peoples and their languages on the basis of common cultural and historical traditions, the nature of writing, the cultural layer of vocabulary, etc.
D) association of peoples on the basis of ethnic kinship
16. The merit of neogrammarists is
A) their discovery of the sound law
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism and emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
17. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
A) A. Meie, L. Bloomfield, L. Hjelmslev
B) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
D) J. Vandries, A. A. Shakhmatov
18. The primary types of speech activity include
A) speaking and reading
B) reading, writing
C) writing and listening
D) speaking and listening
19. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) proper signs
20. Pragmatics is
A) a special area that studies the appropriateness of using certain speech structures
B) a section of linguistics that studies the functioning of language signs in speech
C) a direction that studies the ways of applying the achievements of sociolinguistics in practice
D) a discipline that studies the rules of behavior of an individual in society
Correct answers are marked with "+"
1. The Tatar language belongs to
a) Indo-European
B) Turkic
c) Altaic languages.
2. Agglutinative languages are characterized by
a) polysemy of affixes,
b) the absence of suffixes,
C) the unambiguity of affixes.
3. Phraseologism reach the handle- this
a) fusion
B) unity
c) combination.
4. Word zashkvar- this
A) jargon
b) professionalism,
c) dialectism.
5. Japanese language uses
a) syllable
b) hieroglyphic,
C) syllabic and hieroglyphic writing.
6. Does not apply to the way of expressing grammatical meaning
A) reduction
b) suppletivism,
c) reduplication.
Test.7. Interfix is for
a) connections between the prefix and the root,
B) joining two roots,
c) suffix and ending compounds.
8. Meaning of the word plate‘alien aircraft’ is formed by
A) metaphorical transfer,
b) metonymic transfer
c) or is direct.
9. Select a row with languages of the Indo-European family only:
a) Greek, Armenian, Basque,
B) Greek, Latin, Sanskrit,
c) Latin, Aramaic, Gothic.
10. One of the theories of the origin of the language is called
A) the theory of labor cries,
b) the theory of joint activity,
c) the theory of ritual singing.
11. The unit of grammar is not
a) a morpheme
b) a phrase
C) phoneme.
12. The Marxist theory of the origin of language is associated with the name
a) Marx
B) Engels
c) Lenin.
13. Concept language family characteristic of
A) genetic
b) typological,
c) linguistic and geographical classification of languages.
14. The idea of language as a sign system was laid
a) Wilhelm Grimm
B) Ferdinand de Saussure,
c) Mikhail Lomonosov.
15. The hypothesis of linguistic relativity suggests dependence
a) language from geographical location,
B) thinking from language,
c) language from thinking.
16. The emergence of comparative historical linguistics was influenced by the study
A) Sanskrit
b) Chinese characters,
c) the languages of the peoples of Polynesia.
a) text
B) an offer
c) a phrase.
18. Deals with the problems of state languages
a) ethnolinguistics,
b) psycholinguistics,
C) sociolinguistics.
19 - Test. euphemism is
a) territorially limited vocabulary,
B) a neutral word that replaces a rude or inappropriate one,
c) the antonym of anachronism.
20. Dead languages include all languages in the series
a) Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
b) Sanskrit, Farsi, Hindi,
C) Latin, Gothic, Old Church Slavonic.
21. The main ways of expressing grammatical meaning for analytical languages:
A) word order in a sentence, function words,
b) word order in a sentence, affixation,
c) affixation, suppletivism.
22. English language belongs to the
a) synthetic
B) analytical,
c) polysynthetic languages.
23. In which row are the representatives of structuralism named?
A) Willem Mathesius, Roman Jacobson,
b) Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf,
c) Nikolai Trubetskoy, Alexander Potebnya.
24. Does not apply to the ways in which homonyms appear
a) the collapse of polysemy,
b) a coincidence as a result of borrowing a word,
C) conscious replacement of borrowing with the original word.
25. Transliteration is the exact ratio
a) between the sounds of two languages,
a) between the sounds of one language and the letters of another,
B) between the signs of writing of two languages.
Test - 26. Diacritical marks in writing are
a) signs clarifying or changing the meaning of other signs, +
b) a synonym for punctuation marks,
c) only accent marks.
27. Not related to obsolete vocabulary
a) archaic
B) neologisms,
c) historicism.
28. Phraseologism - unit
A) vocabulary
b) morphology,
c) syntax.
29. Polysemy is
a) polyphony
b) complexity,
B) ambiguity.
30. Not a recognized language family
a) Turkish
B) Nostratic
c) Semitic-Hamitic.
