The course of the second world war presentation. Beginning of World War II. The initial stage of the war
World War II 1939-1945 Compiled by: Smirnova Z.F. teacher of history and social studies, MOU ASOSH No. 1 1939-1945 1941-1945 Excursus into history June 22, 1941 will forever remain in the memory of the citizens of Russia. No matter how much time has passed - 10,50,100 years - the events of the Great Patriotic War will always be our memory, bitterness... But the further the war goes, the fewer its direct witnesses become, the lines in textbooks become shorter, it becomes more and more difficult to understand HOW it was....
If tomorrow is a war, if tomorrow is a hike,
If the dark force comes
As one person, the entire Soviet people
Stand up for your beloved homeland.
On earth, in heaven and at sea
Our melody is both powerful and severe:
If tomorrow is a war, if tomorrow is a campaign -
Get ready to go today!
A machine gun will fire, a plane will fly,
Iron tanks roar
And the cars will go, and the infantry will go,
And dashing carts rush
World War II 1939-1945 Aggression of Nazi Germany Questions (plan) 1. Causes and periodization of the war 2. Beginning of the Second World War: attack on Poland, a strange war in Europe 3. The position of England and France. Defeat of France. "Battle for England" 4. Military operations in Africa and the Balkans Goals
- Assimilation of knowledge on the topic
- Source Skills: Analyzing Events Using Sources
- Ability to express your opinion
- Ability to lead a discussion 5. Working with a historical map
- Confrontation of states (unions Germany-Italy-Japan and England-France-USA)
- Treaty of Versailles humiliating for Germany
- Weak control over severe restrictions in the militarization of Germany (under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles)
- Hitler's dream of world domination
- 1939-1941
- 1941-autumn 1942
- late 1942-1943
- 1944-1945
- New means of warfare (tanks, aircraft, mechanized and airborne troops)
- Unexpected methods of blitzkrieg (lightning war)
- The German command took into account the political and psychological aspects wars (a long policy of appeasement pursued by France and England)
- An important role was played by the "fifth column" agency of the National Socialists in Europe (local fascist parties that received financial assistance from Germany and Italy, the pro-fascist press)
1.09.1939 - German attack on Poland.
3.09.1939 - Entry into the war of England and France.
28.09.1939 - Soviet-German Treaty of Friendship and Border.
Parade of German troops
near Gdansk
2. Historical calendar
09.04.1940 – Invasion of Denmark and Norway.
10.05.1940 – Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg.
26.05.1940 - The Dunkirk miracle.
14.06.1940 Breakthrough of the Maginot Line. The entry of the German army into Paris.
Evacuation of the British army near Dunkirk
2. Historical calendar
August 1940- submarine and air war against England ("battle for England")
Summer 1940- Completion of the conquest of Europe.
28.10.1940 - Italy attacked Greece.
6.04.1941 - German invasion of Yugoslavia.
Air defense soldier on the roof of a London house
- Section 22
- Write an essay "What do you think about the possibilities of preventing the Second World War"
The Second World War
Review of the learned: Why did Germany violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? What position did England, France and the USA take towards Germany and why? What was the danger of the international situation in the 30s. for the USSR? Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact?
Is it possible to consider that the treaty with Germany was a necessary measure on the part of the USSR? Why did Hitler agree to sign an agreement with the USSR? What benefits did the USSR and Germany receive from the conclusion of this treaty? What do you see as the pros and cons of this agreement? Why does the assessment of the historical role of the Soviet-German agreements of 1939 remain one of the most controversial in modern history?
Lesson plan: Beginning of World War II. Events in the Baltics. Annexation of Bessarabia. Events on the Western Front. Preparing Germany for war with the USSR. Strengthening the defense capability of the USSR.
Causes of the Second World War Contradictions of the Versailles-Washington system of world order The emergence of fascist states The unwillingness of the countries of Europe and America to agree on security in Europe and the world The policy of appeasing the aggressor - Hitler's Germany (Munich agreement-1938)
1. The beginning of the Second World War. (pp. 165-166) Indicate the main events of the initial period of the war. " strange war» - What lands became part of the USSR?
Beginning of World War II
2. Events in the Baltics. Annexation of Bessarabia. Indicate when and under what conditions the accession of the Baltic states to the USSR took place
Accession of the Baltic States
Annexation of Bessarabia
3. Events on the Western Front. (pp.167-168) Indicate which states were subjected to German aggression. List allies of Germany Which direction for further aggression did Germany choose?
4. Preparing Germany for war with the USSR. Plan "Barbarossa" - Why was the plan for a "lightning military operation" developed? The task of the Wehrmacht? What is the purpose of Germany's war against the USSR?
5. Strengthening the defense capability of the USSR. List the measures taken by the Soviet government to strengthen the country's defense capability. Make a conclusion about the readiness of the USSR for war with Germany.
- World War II (September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945) - the war of two world military-political coalitions, which became the largest war in the history of mankind.
- It involved 61 states out of 73 that existed at that time (80% of the world's population).
- fighting conducted on the territory of three continents and in the waters of four oceans.
- This is the only conflict in which nuclear weapons have been used.
- June 22, 1941 Germany attacked Soviet Union(cm. Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union 1941-45).
- Hungary, Romania, Finland, Italy performed with her. On the Soviet-German front there were from 62% to 70% of the active divisions Nazi Germany.
- The defeat of the enemy in the Moscow battle of 1941-42 meant the disruption of Hitler's plan for a "blitzkrieg". In the summer of 1941, the foundation was laid for the creation anti-Hitler coalition.
- Red Army victories Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43 and Battle of Kursk 1943 led to the final loss of the German command of the strategic initiative.
- By May 1943, Anglo-American troops had liberated North Africa(see North African Campaign).
- In July - August 1943, Anglo-American troops landed on the island of Sicily.
- September 3, 1943 Italy signed the act of surrender.
- At the Tehran Conference in 1943, the paramount importance of opening a 2nd front in Europe by landing Anglo-French troops in northern France was recognized.
- On May 2, 1945, Berlin was taken by the Red Army.
- At midnight on May 8, in the Berlin suburb of Karlshorst, representatives of the German High Command signed the Act of unconditional surrender.
- On May 11, the Red Army ended the Prague operation of 1945.
- VICTORY! VICTORY! VICTORY!
Left to right: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President of the U.S.A Franklin Roosevelt and Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Joseph Stalin in the Livadia Palace in Yalta, Crimea, February 4, 1945. The leaders met to discuss the post-war reorganization of Europe and the fate of Germany.
Eternal memory to the dead!
Eternal glory to Victory!
Leningrad blockade
It lasted almost 900 days.
Culture in the years of V.O.V.
Theatre, music
Literature
Literature
The literature of the war is extremely significant and varied; from month to month she gained strength as one of the species " Combat weapon during the great battle against fascism.
Most mobile genres:
- journalism,
- poetry.
Articles, essays about war heroes, campaign poems began to appear on the pages of newspapers and magazines.
Literature
During the war years such books as " sacred blood"(1943) and" Navoi"(1945) Aibek," Vasily Terkin» A.T. Tvardovsky.
In 1942 one of the most significant works of wartime appeared in Pravda - a large essay by M.A. Sholokhov " The Science of Hate ».
In 1945 a novel by A.A. Fadeev " Young guard" etc.
The war years became an important stage in the development of Soviet spiritual culture.
Art expressed the hopes, feelings and thoughts of the whole people.
Soviet playwrights created works designed to express the will to win, to inspire the front soldiers and home front workers.
The struggle of the Soviet people against the invaders during the war years was reflected in the work of composers from the first days, most quickly in the song.
The symbol of the war became " Holy war"(June 1941) to the verses of V.I. Lebedev-Kumach.
The following songs have gained immense popularity: « Katyusha» Blanter, sounded in different languages of the world.;
« Let's smoke"(January 1942) to the verses of N. Frenkel;
"Nightingales" (1942) on the verses of A. Fatyanov.
For warriors Soviet army Ensembles with the participation of singers and musicians gave concerts: L.A. Ruslanova, L.O. Utesov, K.I. Shulzhenko, G.R. Ginsburg, D.F. Oistrakh, etc.
Musicians and singers showed heroism and courage, using their performances in front of the fighters as a form of struggle, instilling confidence in the invincibility of the Motherland.
The activities of scientific institutions were based on a comprehensive development, first of all, of the problem of the fullest use of economic resources for further development. National economy and strengthening defense capabilities.
In December 1941 began a mass evacuation of scientific institutions to the east of the country.
Russians
Lithuanians
Latvians
Ukrainians
Belarusians
Kyrgyz
Udmurts
Tatars
Jews
Karelians
Kazakhs
Estonians
Georgian
Kalmyks
Kabardians
Armenians
Uzbeks
Adyghe
Mordovians
Abkhazians
Buryats
Chuvash
Yakuts
Azerbaijanis
Bashkirs
Moldovans
Chechens
Ossetians
Tajiks
results
Turkmens
Many women, having small children in their arms to take care of, worked in factories and factories. Children and old people, standing at the machines for days and nights, made weapons for the soldiers, constantly malnourished, in the cold and overcoming the most difficult conditions. They did everything in their power to help survive the war and defeat the invaders. Many soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals, many received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. We must remember the names of the heroes who gave their lives in the struggle for liberation: Alexander Matrosov, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Nikolai Gastello and many others.
Already in the first days of the war, a pupil of the musical platoon, 14-year-old Petya Klypa, distinguished himself in the defense of the Brest Fortress. Many pioneers participated in partisan detachments, where they were often used as scouts and saboteurs, as well as during underground activities; of the young partisans, Marat Kazei, Volodya Dubinin, Lenya Golikov and Valya Kotik are especially famous (all of them died in battle, except for Volodya Dubinin, who was blown up by a mine; and all of them, except for the older Lenya Golikov, were 13-14 years old at the time of death) .
For military merits, tens of thousands of children and pioneers were awarded orders and medals.
Leni Golikova
In the Pskov region, in the village of Lukino, there lived a boy, Lenya Golikov. He studied at school, helped his parents with the housework, was friends with the guys. But the Great Patriotic War suddenly began, and everything that he so dreamed of in civilian life suddenly broke off. When the war began, he was only 15 years old.
After the Nazis captured his village, Leni had a lot of military affairs, the young partisan Leni Golikov had. But one thing was special.
In August 1942, Lenya was in ambush near the road. Suddenly he saw that a luxurious German car was driving along the road. He knew that very important fascists were transported on such cars, and decided to stop this car at all costs. First, he looked to see if there were guards, let the car come closer, and then threw a grenade at it. A grenade exploded next to the car, and immediately two hefty Fritz jumped out of it and ran to Lena. But he was not afraid and began to shoot at them with a machine gun. He immediately laid down one, and the second began to run away into the forest, but Lenin's bullet caught up with him as well. One of the Nazis turned out to be General Richard Witz. They found important documents with him and immediately sent them to Moscow. Soon from the General Staff partisan movement an order was received to present all participants in the daring operation to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And there was only one participant... Young Lenya Golikov! It turns out that Lenya obtained valuable information - drawings and descriptions of new samples of German mines, inspection reports to higher command, minefield maps and other important military papers. He was awarded a medal, but did not have time to receive it, because a traitor appeared in his village, who told the Nazis that everyone fell asleep and the Nazis shot everyone, including Lenya!
MOU "Novokemsk secondary school"
Teacher Mitrofanov V.K.
Causes of World War II
- Contradictions of the Versailles-Washington system of the world order
- Rise of Fascist States
- The unwillingness of the countries of Europe and America to agree on security in Europe and the world
- The policy of appeasing the aggressor - Hitler's Germany (Munich agreement-1938)
Beginning of World War II
On September 1, 1939, Germany attacked Poland. For two weeks, nothing remained of the Polish army. The Polish government, seeing the hopelessness of the situation, fled abroad on September 16. Warsaw, despite the fierce resistance of the common population to the Nazis, capitulated on September 27.
Partition of Poland
- On September 17, 1939, the Red Army entered the territory of defeated Poland from the east. Poland was divided between Germany and the USSR.
- A common border appeared between the USSR and Germany.
"Strange War"
- September 3, 1939
UK and France declare war on Germany after she left unanswered their ultimatum to stop aggression against Poland . New Zealand and Australia also declare war on Germany. From that time until May 10, 1940, the so-called " Strange War" .
Soviet-Finnish war
- November 30, 1939
Soviet troops invaded the territory of Finland (this so-called winter war lasted until March 12, 1940 and is not considered part of the Second World War). Defeat of Finland. The USSR is expelled from the League of Nations.
Occupation of Denmark and Norway
- April 9, 1940
Germany occupied Denmark and Norway.
War in the West
- May 10, 1940
German troops invade the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg (operations end May 14) - plan is being implemented "Gelb" .
German victory in the West
- May 25, 1940
Over 300,000 British and French soldiers surrounded by the Germans in the Northeast France , begin evacuation from Dunkirk (ends 4 June) - Dunkirk operation .
- June 22, 1940
France capitulated
Battle for England
- August 1, 1940
Hitler issued Directive No. 17 on the conduct of a wide air war against England, began Battle for England . This battle was won by W. Churchill, the main enemy of A. Hitler.
Tripartite Pact
- September 27, 1940
signed "Triple Pact": Germany, Italy and Japan on a military alliance.
"Axis Rome-Berlin-Tokyo" "Axis"
Plan "Barbarossa"
- December 18, 1940
Hitler signed directive No. 21 on the war against the USSR (plan "Barbarossa").
- February 3, 1941
The German High Command orders the deployment of large-scale military preparations for an attack on the East.
The beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people with Nazi Germany
- June 22, 1941.
- Plan "Barbarossa" activated: German troops invade the USSR with three army groups aimed at capturing Leningrad, Moscow and Ukraine (Romanian troops support the aggression). The beginning of the implementation of the Barbarossa plan meant the death of Nazi Germany.
The feat of the fortress-hero of Brest
At 4 o'clock in the morning, Germany attacked the border territories of the Soviet Union.
- June 22, 1941
Defense began on the border of the USSR Brest Fortress (Belarus), which lasted until July 20, 1941.
Smolensk battle
- July 10 - September 10, 1941.
- Battle results:
It was possible to detain the enemy for two months.
Under the threat of encirclement, Soviet troops were withdrawn from Smolensk - the city was surrendered, Smolensk battle finished.
Anti-Hitler coalition
- Anti-Hitler coalition- an association of states and peoples who fought in the Second World War of 1939-45 against countries of the Nazi bloc, also called Axis powers: Germany, Italy, Japan and their satellites.
- During the war years, the term “United Nations”, proposed by Roosevelt and first found in the Declaration of the United Nations of 1942 (Washington Declaration of Twenty-six), became synonymous with the anti-Hitler coalition. Soviet Union , United States and China. As of January 1942, the anti-Hitler coalition consisted of 26 states: the so-called Big Four (USA, Great Britain, USSR, China), British dominions (countries of Central and Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the governments-in-exile of the occupied European countries. The number of coalition members increased during the war; By the time the war with Japan ended, 53 states of the world were at war with Germany and its allies.
Battle for Leningrad
- September 8, 1941
The beginning of the battle for Leningrad. The Germans at the gates of the city of Lenin. The Germans could not take the city on the move, therefore they proceed to the siege of the city. The Red Army left Shlisserburg. The blockade of Leningrad began, which lasted until January 27 1944 G.. The battle for Leningrad ended with the victory of the Red Army .
Moscow battle
- September 30, 1941
The battle for Moscow began. The German command is implementing the Typhoon plan, according to which the attack on the capital of the USSR is gradually fading by the beginning of December.
- December 5-7, 1941
the beginning of the counter-offensive of the Red Army.
- The first defeat of the Wehrmacht in World War II. Dispelled the myth of invincibility
Fascist Germany.
US entry into the war
Sunday morning December 7, 1941 of the year, aircraft carriers of Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo dealt a crushing blow to Pacific Fleet USA in Pearl Harbor. By 06:15 Hawaii time, 183 aircraft of the first shock wave, led by Captain 2nd Rank Mitsuo Fuchida, were in the air. 49 horizontal bombers armed with 1600-lb armor-piercing bombs (converted from shells), 40 torpedo bombers with special torpedoes adapted to shallow depths, 51 dive bombers with 500-lb bombs moved towards the target. They were covered by 43 Zero fighters.
War in Africa
North African operation or Operation Crusader(English) Crusader, rus. Crusader) - military operation British 8th Army vs. armed forces Axis in Egypt and Libya between November 18 and December 30, 1941 during the North African campaign. The victory of the British during the operation was the first victory of Great Britain over the troops of the Wehrmacht. Panzer Army "Africa" Erwin Rommel and the German African Corps were defeated by the British.
Battle of Stalingrad
- July 17, 1942
battles began for the city of Stalingrad.
- November 19, 1942
The beginning of the counteroffensive Soviet troops near Stalingrad. The offensive continued until February 2, 1943. The German Sixth Army under the command of Friedrich Paulus was destroyed. The beginning of a radical change in the course of the war.
Battle of Kursk
- July 5, 1943. The German offensive began on the Kursk Bulge. Operation "Citadel"
- July 12, 1943
- July 12, 1943 counter tank battle near Prokhorovka. The defeat of the German troops. A turning point in the course of the war .
Operation "Bagration"
- June 23, 1944
started
offensive"Bagration" June 23 - August 29, 1944 Soviet troops in Belarus and Lithuania. The German group of troops "Center" was completely destroyed.
Tehran Conference
- Tehran conference F. D. Roosevelt (USAUSSR)
- Tehran conference- the first conference of the "Big Three" - the leaders of the three countries during the years of the Second World War: F. D. Roosevelt (USA), W. Churchill (Great Britain) and I. V. Stalin ( USSR)[ , held in Tehran on November 28 - December 1, 1943. The conference became an important stage in the development of international and inter-allied relations, a number of issues of war and peace were considered and resolved at it - the exact date for the opening of the second front by the allies in France was set.
- Tehran conference- the first conference of the "Big Three" - the leaders of the three countries during the years of the Second World War: F. D. Roosevelt (USA), W. Churchill (Great Britain) and I. V. Stalin ( USSR)[ , held in Tehran on November 28 - December 1, 1943. The conference became an important stage in the development of international and inter-allied relations, a number of issues of war and peace were considered and resolved at it - the exact date for the opening of the second front by the allies in France was set.
Opening of the Second Front in Europe
- June 6, 1944
started Landing of the Allied Forces in Normandy . Second front opened. The plan has begun "Overlord" .
Liberation of Europe
- August 2, 1944
fighting began in the area Warsaw troops of the 1st Belorussian Front (August 2 - September 23, 1944).
started Belgrade operation - offensive operation (September 28 - October 20, 1944)
started Debrecen offensive operation in Eastern Hungary (October 2-27, 1944) troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front under the command of Marshal R.Ya. Malinovsky
started Budapest operation
started East Prussian operation
Crimean Conference
Yalta (Crimean) Conference of the Allied Powers(February 4 - 11, 1945) - one of the meetings of the leaders of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain, dedicated to the establishment of the post-war world order. The conference was held at the Livadia Palace in Yalta, Crimea.
Battle for Berlin
- April 16, 1945
Start Berlin operation troops of the 1st, 2nd Belorussian and 1st Ukrainian fronts.
- May 2, 1945
During the Berlin operation, Soviet troops occupy Berlin.
- May 8, 1945
- The signing in Karlshorst (a suburb of Berlin) of the Act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany. Decree of the Presidium Supreme Council USSR on declaring May 9 as Victory Day
Atomic bombings of Japan
- August 6, 1945
US aircraft dropped atomic bomb to Hiroshima
- August 9, 1945
US aircraft dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki
Berlin conference
The Berlin (Potsdam) conference was held in Potsdam at the Cecilienhof Palace from July 17 to August 2, 1945 with the participation of the leadership of the three largest powers of the anti-Hitler coalition in World War II in order to determine further steps for the post-war structure of Europe. The conference was attended by the heads of government of three states - US President Harry Truman (chaired all meetings), Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Chairman of the USSR State Defense Committee I. V. Stalin and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (during the conference he was defeated in the elections , and his successor Clement Attlee arrived in Potsdam).
War with militaristic Japan
- August 8, 1945
The offensive operation of the Soviet Armed Forces against the armed forces began Japan. It lasted from August 8 to September 2, 1945.
- The millionth Kwantung Army was defeated. September 2, 1945, the end of World War II.
Results of World War II
- Second world war was involved 72 states. In the countries participating in the war, up to 110 million people. During the war, up to 62 million hours (including St. 27 million Soviet citizens).
- Destroyed fascist regimes in Germany and Italy
- Militaristic Japan defeated
- Creation of a new international organization UN
1 slide
2 slide
Lesson plan General information in World War II Plans of the largest countries participating in the war Europe by 1939 Theaters of operations Periodization of the Second World War Creation of a problem situation Main events and results of the first stage of the war: (table) 6. Reasons for the conclusion of the Soviet-German treaty 7. Discovery of new knowledge. Solution.
3 slide
FEATURES OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1. The Second World War unfolded in the vast territories of Europe, Asia and Africa. 2. Military operations were conducted in the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and adjacent seas. 3. Duration - 2194 days. 4. 62 states of the world participated in the war. 5. Neutral states - 6. 6. The fighting took place on the territory of 40 states. 4. 1 billion 700 million people (¾ of the world's population) were drawn into the war. 5. 110 million people were mobilized into the army (1.5 times more than in the First World War). 6. Humanity has lost more than 60 million people killed. 7. Damage from destruction and funds spent on waging war reached 4 trillion. dollars.
4 slide
In just 6 years, she restored military power. Avoided a war on two fronts. Set up for revenge for the defeat in WW I. And her goal is world domination. Germany
5 slide
JAPAN Traditions of the samurai Completed modernization Ships and aircraft prepared Used kamikaze (suicide bombers) They dreamed of domination in Asia.
6 slide
7 slide
The USSR worked closely with Germany. Negotiated spheres of influence in Europe with her. Waiting for Hitler's takeover of Europe. Exported the revolution during the war.
8 slide
9 slide
10 slide
Periodization of the Second World War I stage (09/01/1939 - 06/21/1941) - the beginning of the Second World War. Stage II (06/22/1941-11/18/1942) - the initial stage of the Great Patriotic War. German invasion of the USSR. The retreat of the Soviet troops. Stage III (11/19/1942 - 1943) - A radical change in World War II and the Great Patriotic War. Stage IV (1944 - 05/09/1945) - The defeat of Nazi Germany. End of the Great Patriotic War. Stage V (09.05 - 02.09.1945) - The defeat of militaristic Japan. End of World War II.
11 slide
1939-1940 - Accession of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to the USSR. September 17, 1939 - The Red Army took control of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, and in November they were legally incorporated into the Belarusian and Ukrainian USSR. November 30, 1939 - March 12, 1940 - Soviet-Finnish war - annexation of the Karelian Isthmus and the northern coast of Lake Ladoga to the USSR June 1940 - separation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina from Romania and their annexation to the USSR.
12 slide
1. The desire of the USSR to avoid a war on two fronts: with Germany and Japan. 2. The desire of the leaders of England and France to direct Germany to the east against the USSR. 3. Ineffective Anglo-French-Soviet negotiations in Moscow. 4. Stalin's distrust of England and France.
