Why did the French capitulate to the Germans, while the Russians fought to the death? Capitulations of the Second World War. Reference material And what was the reason for the British to saw Germany
Let's start with the most common liberoid myth about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Liberoids and Russophobes of all stripes and colors assure us that if it were not for the Russian open spaces, where there was where to retreat, they say, there would be no victory.
The heroic resistance of our ancestors to the Nazi hordes is not considered for them, since the liberoid Vlasovites get an orgasm from the military machine of the Third Reich. “It turns out that the Europeans didn’t “shamefully” scamper away from Hitler, they just didn’t have territory to retreat to the Volga,” Eremin writes.
As for the fact that supposedly the French had nowhere to retreat - this is already a blatant lie. Just look at the map of the French campaign of the Wehrmacht and see that the French still had almost half of France. Yes, the French were defeated, but they did not lose the war on May 14, 1940. However, they shamefully surrendered, surrendering Paris without a fight. Everyone knows about the battle for Moscow, but no one has ever heard of the battle for Paris.
The Poles fought for Warsaw for almost three weeks. So, there is no justification for such a shameful surrender for the French. They could fight for every meter of their "Belle France", but did not. They could turn Paris and other cities into fortresses and fight for every house, for every brick, but they did not. They could have declared total mobilization, but they didn't. They could have joined the partisans, but they didn't. They could, after all, prostrate themselves before Moscow and beg for a second front, but they didn't.
They just shamefully capitulated and became allies Nazi Germany.
Yes, until the summer of 1942, France was an ally of the Third Reich, and French soldiers managed to fight and die for Germany in North Africa and Syria. Therefore, to compare the French with our ancestors, and even set frogs as an example, is already complete disgusting and blasphemy.
And what about the French "draped" from the Germans? What did they do at Dunkirk? Instead of digging in and turning Dunkirk into a defensive bridgehead, which would be defended by the British fleet and aircraft, this, not to mention the sea supply of the Dunkirk bridgehead, 18 French divisions simply fled to England.
Can you imagine how the Soviet divisions, instead of defending Leningrad, would have taken and fled to neutral Sweden? I cannot, but the French did just that, leaving their country under the heel of the German occupiers.
Here it should be said where such an increase in the motorization of the Wehrmacht comes from. And here the Germans should say "thank you" to the frogs. Müller-Hillebrandt writes:
“As a temporary way out, captured cars began to be used in large numbers, which, however, made it even more difficult to repair vehicles. In addition, cars from French automobile factories were used in significant quantities. But this also could not solve the problem, since the French motor vehicles, as a rule, did not meet the requirements that were imposed on motor vehicles by roads in the East.
At least 88 infantry divisions, 3 motorized infantry divisions and 1 tank division were equipped mainly with French and captured vehicles.
Gasoline for the attack on the USSR Germany was also provided by the French. “The victory over France paid off many times over. The Germans found sufficient oil reserves in the storage facilities for the battle for England and for the first major campaign in Russia. And the collection of occupation expenses from France ensured the maintenance of an army of 18 million people,” writes the British historian. Taylor in World War II. That is, half of the Wehrmacht was supported by French money.
Knowing such facts, a Russian person in the direction of the French can have only one reaction - a contemptuous spit. Not only did the French shamefully give up their homeland to the German fascists, but even before 1944 they dutifully worked, financed and fought on the side of Germany. But from the point of view of the Vlasovites, the despicable frogs deserve respect much more than our ancestors, who fought, retreated, but did not give up, even when captured.
In the last months of the existence of the fascist regime in Germany, the Nazi elite intensified numerous attempts to save Nazism by concluding separate peace with the Western powers. The German generals wanted to capitulate to the Anglo-American troops, continuing the war with the USSR. To sign the surrender in Reims (France), where the headquarters of the commander of the Western Allies, US Army General Dwight Eisenhower, was located, the German command sent a special group that tried to achieve a separate surrender on the Western Front, but the allied governments did not consider it possible to go to such negotiations. Under these conditions, the German envoy Alfred Jodl agreed to the final signing of the act of surrender, having previously obtained permission from the German leadership, but the authority given to Jodl remained the wording to conclude an "armistice agreement with General Eisenhower's headquarters."
On May 7, 1945, Germany's unconditional surrender was signed for the first time in Reims. On behalf of the German High Command, it was signed by Colonel-General Alfred Jodl, Chief of the Operational Staff of the German High Command, on behalf of the Anglo-American side, Lieutenant General of the US Army, Chief of the General Staff of the Allied Expeditionary Forces, Walter Bedell Smith, and on behalf of the USSR, the representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command at Allied Command Major General Ivan Susloparov. Also, the Act was signed by the Deputy Chief of the French National Defense Staff, Brigadier General Francois Sevez, as a witness. The capitulation of Nazi Germany took effect on May 8 at 23.01 CET (May 9 at 01.01 Moscow time). The document was drawn up in English language, and only the English text was recognized as official.
The Soviet representative, General Susloparov, who by this time had not received instructions from the Supreme High Command, signed the act with the proviso that this document should not exclude the possibility of signing another act at the request of one of the allied countries.
The text of the act of surrender signed in Reims differed from the document that had long been developed and agreed between the allies. The document, entitled "Germany's Unconditional Surrender", was approved by the US government on August 9, 1944, the Soviet government on August 21, 1944, and the British government on September 21, 1944, and was an extensive text of fourteen clearly worded articles in which, in addition to the military terms of surrender, it was also said that the USSR, the USA and England "will have supreme power in relation to Germany" and will present additional political, administrative, economic, financial, military and other demands. In contrast, the text signed at Reims was brief, containing only five articles, and dealt exclusively with the surrender of German armies on the battlefield.
After that, in the West, the war was considered over. On this basis, the United States and Great Britain proposed that on May 8 the leaders of the three powers officially declare victory over Germany. The Soviet government did not agree and demanded the signing of an official act of unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany, since fighting on the Soviet-German front still continued. Forced to sign the Reims Act, the German side immediately violated it. German Chancellor Admiral Karl Doenitz ordered the German troops on the Eastern Front to retreat to the west as quickly as possible, and if necessary, fight their way there.
Stalin declared that the Act should be solemnly signed in Berlin: “The treaty signed in Reims cannot be canceled, but it cannot be recognized. , - in Berlin, and not unilaterally, but necessarily by the supreme command of all countries anti-Hitler coalition After this declaration, the Allies agreed to hold a ceremony for the second signing of the act of unconditional surrender of Germany and its armed forces in Berlin.
Since it was not easy to find a whole building in the destroyed Berlin, it was decided to carry out the procedure for signing the act on the outskirts of Berlin Karlshorst in the building where the club of the fortification school of sappers of the German Wehrmacht used to be. It was prepared for this room.
The acceptance of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany from the Soviet side was entrusted to the Deputy Supreme Commander Marshal of the Armed Forces of the USSR Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov. Under the protection of British officers, a German delegation was brought to Karlshorst, which had the authority to sign an act of unconditional surrender.
On May 8, at exactly 22:00 CET (24:00 Moscow time), representatives of the Soviet Supreme High Command, as well as the Allied High Command, entered the hall decorated with the state flags of the Soviet Union, the United States, England and France. The hall was attended by Soviet generals, whose troops participated in the legendary storming of Berlin, as well as Soviet and foreign journalists. The signing ceremony was opened by Marshal Zhukov, who greeted the representatives of the allied armies in Berlin occupied by the Soviet Army.
After that, on his orders, the German delegation was brought into the hall. At the suggestion of the Soviet representative, the head of the German delegation presented a document on his powers, signed by Doenitz. The German delegation was then asked whether it had the Act of Unconditional Surrender in hand and whether it had studied it. After an affirmative answer, the representatives of the German armed forces, at the sign of Marshal Zhukov, signed an act drawn up in nine copies (three copies each in Russian, English and German). Then the representatives of the allied forces put their signatures. From the German side, the act was signed by the head of the Wehrmacht Supreme High Command, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, the Luftwaffe (Air Force) representative, Colonel General Hans Stumpf, and the Kriegsmarine (Navy Forces) representative, Admiral Hans von Friedeburg. Unconditional surrender was accepted by Marshal Georgy Zhukov (from the Soviet side) and Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Forces Marshal Arthur Tedder (Great Britain). General Carl Spaats (USA) and General Jean de Latre de Tassigny (France) put their signatures as witnesses. The document stipulated that only the English and Russian texts were authentic. One copy of the act was immediately handed over to Keitel. Another original copy of the act on the morning of May 9 was delivered by plane to the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command of the Red Army.
The procedure for signing the surrender ended on May 8 at 22.43 CET (May 9 at 0.43 Moscow time). In conclusion, a large reception was held in the same building for representatives of the allies and guests, which lasted until the morning.
After the signing of the act, the German government was dissolved, and the defeated German troops completely laid down their arms.
The date of the official announcement of the signing of the surrender (May 8 in Europe and America, May 9 in the USSR) began to be celebrated as Victory Day in Europe and the USSR, respectively.
A complete copy (i.e., in three languages) of the German Military Surrender Act, as well as an original document signed by Doenitz, certifying the credentials of Keitel, Friedeburg and Stumpf, are stored in the collection of international treaty acts of the Archive foreign policy Russian Federation. Another original copy of the act is located in Washington in the US National Archives.
The document signed in Berlin is, with the exception of minor details, a repetition of the text signed in Reims, but it was important that the German command surrendered in Berlin itself.
The act also contains an article that provided for the replacement of the signed text with "another general instrument of surrender." Such a document, called the "Declaration on the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Power by the Governments of the Four Allied Powers," was signed on June 5, 1945, in Berlin by the four Allied Commanders-in-Chief. It almost completely reproduced the text of the document on unconditional surrender, worked out in London by the European Consultative Commission and approved by the governments of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in 1944.
Now, where the signing of the act took place, there is the German-Russian Museum "Berlin-Karlshorst".
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
22:36 — REGNUM "Today, European countries are trying to accuse the USSR, in other words, the successor of the truly "united and indestructible Soviet Union" Russia, of the disgrace in which they themselves are guilty. It is known who shouts the loudest in the market: "Stop the thief" Where were the traditions of true European democratic values proclaimed so loudly today and just elementary decency in relation to their own homeland, if in just 116 days Europe knelt down before Hitler?!"
This was stated in an interview with a REGNUM correspondent by the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia Ruben Tovmasyan, commenting at his request on the adoption of the Warsaw Declaration and the imposition of equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II on Nazi Germany and the USSR.
Recall that, in accordance with the decision of the European Parliament, on August 23, 2011, on the anniversary of the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Germany and the USSR, the EU countries celebrated the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Totalitarianism for the first time. A conference of EU justice ministers was held in Warsaw, and the Warsaw Declaration was adopted. The US Embassy in Estonia placed equal responsibility for the outbreak of World War II on Nazi Germany and the USSR.
According to Tovmasyan, drawing such parallels indicates either complete illiteracy in matters of history, or open hostility towards the Soviet Union, or a deliberate shift in emphasis in order to realize far-reaching intentions towards Russia.
He is convinced that "the Great Patriotic War occupies a completely unique place in the world history of wars, since so many peoples and ethnic groups stood together to defend one great Motherland."
"It's shameful and blasphemous when a blow is struck on that part of our common history, which not only the Russian, but all the peoples of the USSR were traditionally proud of as a shrine. After all, the "brown plague" that enslaved the world was put to an end by the universal efforts and at the cost of huge sacrifices," the leader of the Armenian Communist Party said.
As he added, according to official data, the human losses of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War, amounted to about 27 million people, including the irretrievable losses of the Soviet armed forces - approximately 8.6 million soldiers and officers.
“Only from Soviet Armenia, about 600 thousand people went to the front, half of whom died. For the Armenians, it didn’t matter in“ which sky ”the Hero of the Soviet Union died twice Nelson Stepanyan, or "whose country" the marshal liberated Bagramyan. They all fought for great motherland, in the name of the idea to which they were committed," Tovmasyan said.
According to him, instead of comparing the USSR with Germany, one could draw other parallels that would explain "why the European countries raise a big fuss, that they were allegedly against the war, that allegedly, according to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, Europe was divided ".
“Only 116 days it took Hitler to conquer Europe. Poland capitulated in 16 days, Denmark in a day, Norway and Belgium in 2 months, France in 44 days. And Leningrad proved a completely different truth - it was able to withstand 900 days of the most severe blockade, during which, according to various sources, about a million people died. So let those who shout the most shout the paradoxes of true values, ideologies and patriotism," Tovmasyan emphasized.
In addition, he quoted an Iranian proverb that says: "If it were possible to build a house with a cry and a roar, then a donkey would have built a whole block long ago."
"The one who shouts the loudest today against the Soviet Union and its special role in World War II is quite comparable with the" hero "of this Eastern wisdom," the head of the Armenian communists pointed out.
According to him, the US and Europe, having destroyed the USSR with the help of "the treacherous gang of Gorbachevs, Yakovlevs, Shevardnadzes, Sobchaks and priests", are now trying to reshape Russia in their own way, weakening and splitting this power as much as possible.
"Armenia is also in the spotlight, its separation and isolation from Russia. But at the moment when the Russian troops leave the Armenian land, or there is a cooling of relations between the two countries, this will be the beginning of the end for Armenia," Tovmasyan stressed.
He also expressed confidence that "if there is a sudden threat of a 'crusade' by the West against Russia, then not only Russian, but also Armenian communists will stand in one line, together with all progressive forces, to defend this great country."
"I am proud that I lead the pro-Russian party. I am proud that the Communist Party of Armenia is cooperating with the Communist Party of Russia," Tovmasyan concluded.
Background
The European Day of Remembrance for the Victims of Stalinism and Nazism is celebrated on 23 August. The date is associated with the day of the signing between the USSR and Germany of the non-aggression pact (the so-called "Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact") of August 23, 1939.
On September 23, 2008, the European Parliament signed a declaration establishing a memorial day. The document argued that “mass deportations, murders and acts of enslavement, committed in the context of acts of aggression by Stalinism and Nazism, fall under the category of war crimes and crimes against humanity. Under international law, there is no statute of limitations for war crimes and crimes against humanity.”
In July 2009, the Parliamentary OSCE approved a resolution condemning "the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century - Nazism and Stalinism."
Attempts to equate communism with Nazism have sparked strong protests in Russia. The Russian Foreign Ministry called the resolution unacceptable and noted that the document distorts history for political purposes.
The decree “On the termination of the state of war between the Soviet Union and Germany” was signed by the USSR only 10 years after the surrender of Nazi Germany, on January 25, 1955. This date is not well-known, it is ignored in the history books, and no one celebrates the day of the signing of the Decree. Doctor of Historical Sciences Yuri Zhukov calls this case "a diplomatic and historical incident." But the "incident" is not accidental, and it had its own reasons.
Even during the war, at the Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the three great powers reached an agreement regarding Germany after the end of the war. Couldn't decide for a long time. territorial question– will Germany exist as one state or will it be fragmented? Stalin insisted that Germany was united, neutral and demilitarized. Why did Stalin insist on such a decision? He simply remembered the consequences of the Versailles Peace Treaty, when the French occupied the Rhine zone, later captured the Ruhr. The Poles took Mountain Silesia. This is what led to the desire to take revenge, to restore what was lost, and as a result, fascism appeared. Stalin took this fact into account, Churchill and Roosevelt did not. In the USSR, they wanted to sign a peace treaty with Germany, which was not divided into 2 parts, but in the end it turned out differently.
