home > Chemistry > Why are there many German words in the Ukrainian language. Ukrainian words similar to German. How other languages ​​influenced the formation of Ukrainian

Why are there many German words in the Ukrainian language. Ukrainian words similar to German. How other languages ​​influenced the formation of Ukrainian



How did you get started in internet warfare?


At the end of 2011, when the protests began, I was offered to try it. I started with some bullshit, bloggers, at most - rare orders for journalists. I was wearing, as they say now, "Murzilki". They worked out the agenda for a certain fee, it was organized something like this: a pool of “murzilok” gathered, and a briefing was sent to all of them at nine in the morning. It indicated how and what they should pay attention to during the day, how to play around, what accents to put where. They had to work - not write one post, but broadcast and maintain the agenda constantly. These bloggers were tritely searched for in Jean-Jacques. There is also a certain party. You come, you look: someone, maybe, needs money, someone, maybe not quite an ardent oppositionist. They pulled out someone, offered to try: for fifteen thousand, write about some stealing head of the Bibirevo council. The man thought something like this: a good deed, I’ll also get money, I’ll take the girl to Jean-Jacques. And so you tell him once, twice, and on the third, you say: “Write about Navalny.” He refuses. You say: “Ha, you want everyone to know that you have already taken the money?” Naturally, we explained that complete anonymity was guaranteed, but after the super-scandal with the hacking of Potupchik’s mail, who also had such people, everyone was very afraid (in early 2012, the mail of Nashi youth movement press secretary Christina Potupchik was allegedly hacked and, in general, access got correspondence with a number of paid bloggers. Note. ed.). But we did everything carefully, to the point that people registered secret mail for themselves, felt like super agents and got used to such a role. When you gave them money - always in cash, of course - they looked around, checked if anyone was around, as if they were buying grass.


Where did you get what you need to publish and distribute to "Murzilki"?


The agenda came down to me from above, from circles near the presidential administration. We can be called information support, media consultants, propaganda department. I came when work on the Internet was already underway. And I did not find, for example, comments for 85 rubles. Yes, and I thought it was a losing job. This was done by people from youth movements. They had a lot of money, and they had to give something for something. Therefore, they sat in LiveJournal and wrote completely meaningless comments. And they worked on hashtags in my memory until Putin's anniversary (October 2012 - Note. ed.). Then more or less living people wrote, then this business was given to bots. Now, when the opposition brings some of its hashtag to the top, we immediately begin to clog it. The lowest employee writes a tweet, this tweet is given to a special person, and he uploads it to a machine that launches bots with a hashtag. 85% of tweets are written by bots, 15% of tweets are written by living and more or less famous people to create visibility. This is the very bottom of information wars.


How were the assignments for the "Murzilok" given out?


Murzilok materials, in my opinion, are very easy to recognize. And I'm surprised when people start discussing them seriously. Custom texts are always written according to the structure: five points are given, because we cannot completely trust journalists or bloggers. And you can see how they write on these points. Here in Ukraine, for example. The materials must have mentioned "Bandera", "historical heritage". There are also plenty of materials on Navalny. Somehow suddenly they began to change their opinion about him, right? Suddenly everyone remembered that he was a nationalist. But at the beginning of 2013, the Murzilka system was recognized as ineffective. Much has changed with the advent of the new administration (president. - Note. ed.). The new team cut funding, although before that the budgets were unlimited and the task was this: the more journalists and bloggers you buy, the better. They were put on salaries up to 90 thousand rubles a month. Only top bloggers received more.


Who is this, for example? Varlamov?


Yes, like Varlamov. After Potupchik's mail was hacked, the sums of 200-300 thousand appeared there, but I think he got less. Although he considers himself a man.


Now there are fewer “murzilok”?


Yes, due to budget cuts. And now another policy has been launched. At the beginning of 2013, we carried reports and wrote memos that we need to make a counter agenda. Everyone was supportive. This is how, by the way, kontr.tv appeared. If they had not started terribly sawing money, I think they would have worked to this day. For me, it was vulgar, but alive. But by the spring of 2013, they set a different agenda: they simply began to close publications. Cleaning is carried out. The people who make decisions on such issues are not at all liberals or subtle media people. They decide like this: “Is there a threat? We need to eliminate the threat."


Are there still threats today?


I think no. They put pressure on Vedomosti, but this is more of a measure of intimidation. To be honest, now is not the best time to be a journalist in Russia. Vladimir Vladimirovich realized that since it is possible to organize European resorts in Sochi, it means that it is possible to organize proper journalism in Moscow. All the latest news from the media are part of this policy of creating media that will be beautiful, but their own. Like Russia Today. Now they will actively deal with Russia Today, because it will be necessary to close the elections to the Moscow City Duma.


After "murzilki" what did you do?


At the end of the summer of 2012, I wanted to go further. I got into speechwriting. He wrote texts for Kremlin publications - from politonline.ru to Vzglyad. Once it fell to me to write a text for the Zavtra newspaper - after that I was contacted and offered to go to work in a holding company that makes blogs, news and even mini-television. There I began to engage in propaganda more effectively. He made stories, invited pro-Putin people like Dugin and Kurginyan to write blogs. At that time, I had already gone into the deep underground of information wars. I used to be able to publish something myself, now I have become involved in planning and organizing.


And you work there now?


Basically, right there. It is a horizontal, branched structure. In Moscow, I know eight departments dealing with information wars. All information propaganda has one boss. This chief has three deputies. Everyone works with these three deputies, each group in its own segment. Someone leads the Izborsk club of Prokhanov, they work for patriots - I do not envy them; when we meet, they complain that they can no longer listen to about Stalin, vodka and the empire. A lot of businessmen are spinning around them - one allocates his plane so that they fly to their meetings. These old farts are very far from the internet. I once talked with Prokhanov, and he asked the picture to move. I ask what picture. He: “Here, Mishka Leontiev had a picture moving on the site, I also want that.”


Give an example of an event that you played on the instructions from above.


Yes, the same court of Navalny is the last (March 7, 2014. - Approx. ed.). A briefing came: a trial and a rally near the court are expected, it is necessary to form a negative opinion about these people and a positive opinion about the arrest of Navalny. When people come to court, we begin to look at who exactly came. The monitoring department begins to work, it looks at what they write from the spot, what photos they post. We find things that we can cling to, and we start publishing materials on friendly platforms like “Here, look, the sodomites have come to the march” or “Nadezhda Tolokonnikova with chicken”. And we collect not two or three such trifles, but a lot - we get the corresponding information noise.


How many such “friendly sites” exist?


About ten - and another 20-30 of these, which need to be slightly pressed. At one time there was a lot of money, they bought everyone in general. The easiest way was to take young journalists. Now they have grown up - and a generation of people has grown up who took money from the Kremlin, and now they work like independent journalists. I can't name a single publication where they don't work.


You need to look for people at the Faculty of Journalism in the third or fourth year.


About two years ago, I spent almost all my free time at the Faculty of Journalism. You come to Eat & Talk (a cafe next to the journalism department of Moscow State University. - Approx. ed.) - and that's it. I even found a man in Rolling Stone. People are extremely greedy, and Moscow is a very expensive city. For some events, journalists received money even for neutral coverage. For example, for Seliger. In 2012, everything was bought, even in the opposition media it was possible to carry out publications. I asked about it, and then they justified themselves: “Well, you know, it looks like a clan fight, and taking money from an enemy to harm another enemy…” and so on. Amounts for journalists can be up to 120 thousand. 70 thousand were given to the journalist of "Kommersant". But now there is no pool of journalists who will definitely publish jeans, this is too pale. All of them have been more or less uncovered, and now they write in opposition. It is especially cool when they write materials based on sources in the AP. In 99% of cases, the source from the AP is a Nashist girlfriend. I had a case when one rather eminent journalist from Krasny Oktyabr told me an insider that I invented myself. He is older than me, he said: "My sources say ..." - and I sit and do not even know what to say, because it was my invention.


He didn't know what you do?


Many people know about. But it's all blurry.


Does your propaganda department have an office?


I do not have a work book and there are no written agreements. The only thing is that I sign for the budget that they give me. We have an office that we ourselves rent with funds allocated to us. I don’t know where this money comes from and how it passes, we all get it in cash. We write a note addressed to one person, and they give us money. People from the monitoring service are constantly sitting in our office, they often spend the night there. We are accused - here, Putin's loafers, they are paid for loyalty, but they do not work. And you think after the third night without sleep - well, damn it. There are eight people in our team: two people from the monitoring service, the rest are not divided by positions, but, in fact, we are all ideologists. We don't have a strict hierarchy. In another similar department almost a military organization. It is led by one well-known person, but he himself does nothing, but is an intermediary between the source of money and employees. We share everything equally.


Do you write content yourself?


It is very rare to write. We are going from morning to the planning meeting, draw on the board, who can close what, who has where. There are lists of our journalists or lists of journalists to talk to and go for a drink. There is a list of journalists who are not contacted. It is headed by Ilya Barabanov. People on this list should not be offered anything, because they will definitely reveal everything.


Who else is on the list?


Oleg Kashin is not there. But I will not name people, because I will definitely touch the sloppy shores.


- Is "Sputnik and Pogrom" on the list of cooperators?


Do not know. I won't say… Somehow, everything is going too well for the guys. Too good designers. I am reading myself. I used their texts in Crimea, opened them and thought - damn it, dude, I would take you on a salary right now, but I won’t feed you, because I like to eat myself. We take the texts of Prosvirnin, a couple of paragraphs that Putin is bad, remove it - and everything is ready.


You said there are eight organizations like yours. Are there general meetings?


Of course. We communicate, hold general meetings. We are assembled and editorial boards are led by people from above.


Which of your people is involved in DDoS attacks?


These are hired people. There are those who, in normal times, wind up followers and promote videos on YouTube. This is done by people from youth movements who, at the time of the injection of money into Internet development, opened technical studios. Moreover, Navalny bought the promotion of his posts from these same people. This was in 2012. Navalny's man came out to our man, agreed, paid money for cheating shares and likes - but it was gray cash, so, of course, they threw him. In general, it is very easy to make a clean seven hundred retweets. These guys made Twitter phishing apps like “Find out your mental age” and got access to the accounts of unguarded citizens. And not everyone watches what they retweet.


How many real subscribers do Tina Kandelaki, Vladimir Solovyov have?


All pro-Putin stars are wound up. When a person starts to speak for us, we give gifts. Burmatov and other pro-Putin bloggers have twenty percent of live followers. I hinted to Solovyov that maybe he does not have a completely lively audience, but he is sure that he is alive. Although Solovyov, of course, is the most popular, he definitely has thirty thousand alive. Also because when you follow Medvedev, they immediately recommend adding Solovyov.


Medvedev cheated?


Yes. There is a funny story associated with this. The person who cheated, cheated more than lyam, although it is clear that Medvedev will have a lot of subscribers anyway. So, the man who cheated Medvedev cheated himself the same amount. He was laughed at by his own people and nicknamed the king of Twitter. Navalny also pays for every post, he has his own team and almost the same schemes. They work gently and do not wind hard. During the election campaign for mayor, Navalny bought interviews for himself, for example, on the rap.ru website, and 800 thousand rubles were paid for Navalny's avatar in MDK.


Let's get back to DDoS. That is, a team can go down - ddosim, for example, "Echo of Moscow"?


Quite right. Although "Echo of Moscow" none of our ddos. We were told not to touch it. Most often, LJ is dosed, because the main danger, according to the center, is blogs.


Is there a solution on how to deal with Navalny's mirrors?


Nobody cares about him anymore. He was removed from the risk group. The field is almost completely cleared. And the problem with blogs is that they are depersonalized. A hundred blogs can express one thought. You can't close everything. Therefore - in order to avoid - the entire platform is ddosed. When Navalny was arrested, for example. It's very interesting to watch twitter when something happens. The struggle immediately begins between the top five pro-Putin bloggers, who will get the most retweets. Almost all work with blogs goes to the report. Therefore, the departments wind up their bloggers so that the report at the end of the month looks better - then they will give more money.


How much do you feel like a fighter in the information war?


At first, I felt very bright. It seemed to me that my ten "Murzilok" - it's all. Propaganda is always bombed. This is not one post that everyone is discussing. It should be everywhere, there should be a lot of materials. And it really affects people. I had a friend, a fiery oppositionist from the Faculty of Journalism. And then she recently began to overwrite me about the aggression of the West. There was a Navalny friend, and recently he rubbed off to me about the fact that Navalny is a nationalist and this is bad. I see that propaganda works. People need to put thoughts in their heads. Now we are trying to make the audience think that they are thinking. How does Maxim Kononenko work? He is a professional in his field. He always invites you to think. He says: "Guys, it's all good, of course, but let's think together." He speaks as equals, just like Navalny. And we took this tactic. In general, the opposition has a chance to defeat the system, but you need to act quickly. Because every action in power goes through about five signatures and three meetings. Sometimes it seems to me that state structures are a club of conferees. For example, I see that I need to react quickly and sharply to something, I call the authorities. They nod, "Yes, the idea is good, well thought out, but let's talk." "Fine, I'll be right there." - "Let's go tomorrow morning, our boss left." And all the work loses its meaning. In general, I evaluate the work by whether it reached Putin or not. If you get it, then success. Here is such a Vova Tabak (he made calendars at the Faculty of Journalism), he made a video “Putin can, Putin can.” They say that Putin saw him, shed a tear and allocated several million dollars to them at once. And from ours here is "Polite people" he really liked.


Are you quiet now?


I spent a month and a half in Kyiv. We have done brilliantly. We made amazing pictures, thanks to the Right Sector militants for the swastikas. Usually we ourselves bring strange old men with stupid posters and stickers to rallies. And there was nothing to be done. Only now the monument to Lenin fell, I will not say with whose help. What will happen next, no one knows. Now everything is going to the fact that there will be no work. Several guys go to PR, someone goes to the Public Chamber, one goes to the media. We do not want to just sit on a salary, we love to work. If before, until the middle of 2013, we lost on the Internet, now we have learned to work well. We learned on our own, specialists did not come to us, because it was shameful to be not an opposition member. In 2013, we defeated the opposition in the information wars. There was only a strange moment with the mayoral elections. Well, there is nothing to say about the success of 2014. With such successes of Putin, I think we will soon be left without work.


Daniil Turovsky, "Afisha"

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accentuate - akzentuiren - emphasize, emphasize, put an accent
gazebo - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in it from it. alt - high) - gazebo, gazebo. At first, large balconies were called that, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.

bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bugnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in German from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky-colored
badge - Blech, das - tin
blashany (blashany dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - need (something), lack (something);
meni marriage (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
change pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I don't have enough money, I need money; I miss the hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don't have enough time, I don't have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the district center in the Kiev region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brovarstvo - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rough
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - it. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - build
budinok - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - building, house
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabic cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, a medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - student of bursa

wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - attract
vagat - vage (German indefinite, shaky) - to hesitate, not to decide
vagitna (female) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("gained weight")
wag - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German to weigh) - weigh, weigh;
varta - Wart, der (German guardian, guard) - guard;
vartovy - Wart, der (German keeper, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or the sick, perform official duties) - to stand on the clock; guard, protect
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, naval watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
viser - (from German Visier, das - visor) - pattern
vovna - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet

guy - Hain, der - grove, forest, copse, oak forest
haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from the Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian hired warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - hired warrior, servant, traveling footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
halmo - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - brake
halmuvati - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - hardening, hardening
gartuvati - haerten - to harden (in the village of Bobrik, Brovarsky district, Kiev region, a dialect word was used, derived from gartuvati - gartanachka, which meant potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape someone) - to rape
gendlyuvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (in Ukrainian language the word hetman came through the Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gesheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - trading
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (in it. - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (multiplier, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, foundation, justification
priming - gruendlich - thoroughly,
priming - gruendlich - solid
priming, priming - gruenden (German: to lay the foundation for something, to substantiate) - to substantiate
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German watch) - call someone from a distance, call loudly
gum - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gum - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect heard in the city of Gogolev, Kyiv region)

dah - Dach, das - roof
ladies - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnia - Druckerei, die - typography
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuvati - druecken - print
dyakuwati - danken - give thanks

education (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovy" - educated, educated. From this adjective arose the distorted common folk ironic “midiking” (an arrogant person with a claim to education) and the expression: “midiking, only not drokovy” (with a claim to education, but still not printed)

zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it from it. Soldo - a monetary unit, lat. Solidus) - a hired warrior

zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow

istota - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)

kapelyuh - Kappe, die - hat
chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also matters in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - pot-bellied glass vessel with a stopper, for water or drinks, often faceted, decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. make notches, notches but with something) - ruble, i.e. minted, with notches
karbuvati - kerben - notch, mint (money)
kvacha - in it. quatsch - colloquial slap!, bam!, clap!, absurd; noun Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, goofy) - a piece of rag for spreading grease on a frying pan, and in a children's game - one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer the role of kwach with his touch, the name of this game, an exclamation when transferring the role of kwach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt for receiving something) - ticket (entrance, travel card)



kylo - Keil, der (German wedge, dowel, dihedral angle) - chilo, a hand-held mountain tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
keleh - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
keruvati - kehren (in German it matters to turn) - manage, lead
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewels (through Polish klejnot - jewel, precious object), regalia, which were military insignia of Ukrainian hetmans (mace, bunchuk, banner, seal and timpani)
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many components: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or stuffed
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love
kosht (for your own kosht) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, food) - account (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
kravatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, petty trader, huckster
Kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
crisis - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (bread) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl. crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kushtuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (through Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, appearance, form
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this word is of Turkish origin)
kitzia - Kitz, das, Kitze, die - kitty

lan - Land, das (German country, land, soil) - field, field
lantuh - Leintuch (German linen shawl, linen) - row, rope (coarse sackcloth or clothes), a large bag of row or ponytail ("ponitok" - peasant homespun half-cloth), sacking for cart tires, for drying grain bread, etc. The word got into the Ukrainian language from German through Polish (lantuch - a rag, a rag).
lanzug - Langzug (German long pull, long line) - rope
element (arguably voiced rozmov; galas) - Lamentation (complaint, cry) - a very loud conversation; cry, lamentation.
lementuvati (speak more loudly; galasuvati; shout in pain, suffering, or wailing about help; make gamir, chirping at once (about people); shout (about creatures, birds, etc.); unimportantly: show interest to some kind of food, actively discussing yoga, turning to the new respect of a wide community; - lamentieren (complain, lament, loudly express one's displeasure) - speak very loudly, scream, lament; scream in pain or call for help; make noise (about people); shout (about animals , birds, etc.); scornfully: show interest in any issue, actively discuss it, drawing the attention of the general public to it.
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
likhtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire is a lantern
deprive, deprive - from him. lassen (in it. - this verb has the meaning "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
meadow - from him. Lauge, die - lye, lye
loh - from him. Loch, das (German hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. Luest, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
Lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid

malyuvati - malen - draw
little ones - malen (draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manirny - manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-mannered) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
molasses - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when sugar is obtained)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 ha (Western Ukrainian dialect)
mur - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, to owe

nіsenіtnitsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)

oliya - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, salt of acetic acid) - vinegar

pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
pasuvati - passsen - to approach something (to a person, etc.), to be at the right time
penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlin (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perucarnia - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilaf - Pilaw (read pilaf), (in it options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing)
plativka - Platte, die - plate, record
parade ground - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
pump - Pumpe, die - pump, pump (in Russian, the word "pump" is used less frequently)
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
sloppy - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces)
proposition - poponieren (offer) - offer
to pronounce - poponieren - to offer

glad - Rat, der - advice (instruction or collegiate body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - adviser; narada - meeting
walkie-talkie (in Wisłowi: ty maesh walkie-talkie) - Ratio, die (German mind, logical thinking) - correctness (in the expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - count, count
reshta - Rest, der - remainder
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
risik - Risiko, das - risk
rinva - Rohr, das - gutter, groove
rura (obsolete word) - Rohr, das - (water) pipe
ryatuvati - retten - to save

celery - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sens - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian, this word came from Latin)
scurvy - Skorbut, der - scurvy
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
relish - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - delicious, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
stringy - Strunk, der (German rod, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Norse. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "pole, pole" - flag, banner

teslyar - Tischler, der - carpenter
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble

Ugryshchyna - Ungarn, das - Hungary

fine (western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word came from in English)
fach - Fach, das - specialty
fahivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
fortress - Fort, das, -s, -s - fort, fortress
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugebaenk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - wagon
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carrier

hapati - happen (nach D) (in it. - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces) - grab
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - house
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - hut
farm - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - farm

tsvirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, chirp
flowers - Zwecke, die (in it. a short nail with a wide hat, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
chainshop - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
tsil - Ziel, das - goal
tsibula - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civil
qina (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breasts
tsukor - Zucker, der - sugar

sequence - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
chipati - ziepen jemandem - jemandem an den Haaren oder an der Haut schmerzhaft ziehen - it hurts to pull someone by the hair or skin - touch, hurt someone

checks - Schachspiel, das - chess
shakhrai - Schacherei, die (German petty trade, business dealing, bargaining) - swindler
Šibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - hangman, hooligan
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
bug - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
ham - Schincken, der oder die - ham, piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
tavern - Schenke, der - tavern, tavern
way - from the German schlagen - beat, tamp - road, way
shop (Western Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - fenced off part of the yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shukhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer

shcherbaty - Scherbe, die, (in it. shard, fragment) - with one fallen out, knocked out or broken tooth (this word is also in Russian)
fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (in it. annual market) - fair (this word is also in Russian)

Glossary of Ukrainian words similar to German
© Kiselev O.M. 2007
The figure shows the Germans, III century AD.
In the Ukrainian language, one can find many words of Germanic origin, words common to Ukrainian and German, as well as words similar to German. Knowing these words helps in learning the German language. There are more such words in Ukrainian than in Russian. There are several reasons and eras for the emergence of common Ukrainian-German words. The Germanic and Slavic languages ​​belong to the Indo-European language group and arose from the common proto-language of SANSKRITA. Therefore, in the Germanic and Slavic languages ​​there are many similar single-root words; German for example. Mutter - Ukrainian matir, mother; German glatt (smooth, slippery, dodgy) - Ukrainian. smooth. During the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, German tribes (Teutons, Goths, etc.) passed through the lands of present-day Ukraine, including through the Lower Dnieper and Volhynia, for several centuries (in the 1st millennium AD). In Volhynia, the Eastern Goths were in the II - V centuries. AD Part of the German-speaking population did not go west along with the majority of their fellow tribesmen, but continued to live in the lands of present-day Ukraine. The Eastern Slavs appeared in Volhynia and the Dnieper region at about the same time, in the first half of the first millennium of a new era. Rare settlements of some German-speaking tribes interspersed with settlements of the Slavs. The inhabitants of these villages gradually merged with the Eastern Slavs and transferred to the latter part of their vocabulary. The German-speaking population influenced the language and culture Eastern Slavs, and later became related and merged with the Slavs. The ancient origin in the Ukrainian language of words related to Germanic is confirmed by the fact that among these words there are many such that denote the basic concepts of life (buduvati, dakh). In the Kiev region, there is still a settlement GERMANOVKA, known by this name for more than 1100 years. In the ninth century AD, and, perhaps, even earlier, close communication between Russia and the Varangians began, who brought with them from Scandinavia the language of the North Germanic (Scandinavian) group. From the Varangians, who came at the end of the 9th century. led by Prince Oleg to Kyiv, these words got into the language of the glades and drevlyans who lived in these places. The Glade and the Drevlyans spoke their own languages ​​close to each other. And since the time of Christianization, the role of the written language in the whole Kievan Rus performed the Church Slavonic language, in which the Slavic Bible of Cyril and Methodius was written. Polyansky was the spoken language of the Kiev principality and became one of the progenitors of the Ukrainian language. During an eventful thousand years of history In Ukraine, German words penetrated into the Ukrainian language in other ways. The penetration of German words into the Ukrainian language continued first through the Polish language during the time of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which included Ukraine for a long time, and later through Galicia, which was part of Austria-Hungary for a long time. From ancient times, German specialists came to Ukraine (builders, carpenters, blacksmiths, brewers, bakers, directors, management personnel, etc.). They all brought with them the terms of their professions.
Not all words of the Ukrainian language, cognate with German, got into the Ukrainian language directly from the German language. Words common to these languages ​​may have other origins. Separate German words entered Ukraine through Yiddish, the language of Eastern European Ashkinazi Jews. for example, the word gwalt (scream, noise), Gewalt, which in German means power, violence.
The presence in the Ukrainian language of many words common to Ukrainian and German is also explained by the borrowing by these languages ​​of international words from Latin, Greek, French, English and other languages. There are many similar international words of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English and French origin in Ukrainian and German. For example, the words kreyda (Kreide, chalk), education (Edukation, education), fainy (fein, beautiful). Some Ukrainian words in this glossary are not related to German words, but only accidentally similar, consonant with them.
It makes sense to indicate in one glossary all words common to Ukrainian and German, regardless of their origin. Knowledge of such words helps in learning the German language.
When pronouncing the Ukrainian sound "g", it should be borne in mind that in most cases it is pronounced as a voiced sound, paired with a voiceless sound "x", and in Russian - as a voiced sound, paired with a voiced sound "k". Therefore, Ukrainian words with the letter “g” are closer in sound to German words with the letter “h” (gartuvati - haerten - to temper).
In the glossary, first the Ukrainian word is given, then after the dash the German word, then the definite article showing the grammatical gender of the noun (in German), then in parentheses the meaning of this word in German, if this meaning does not completely coincide with the meaning of the Ukrainian word, then after dash - the Russian meaning of the Ukrainian word.
In this publication, special German letters ("sharp" es, vowels with "umlaut") cannot be conveyed. They are transmitted by combinations of Latin letters -ss, -ue, -ae, -oe.

Amateur - Amateur, der - amateur
accentuate - akzentuiren - emphasize, highlight, put an accent
gazebo - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in it from it. alt - high) - gazebo, gazebo. At first, large balconies were called that, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.

Bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bagnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in German from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky-colored
plaque - Blech, das - tin
blashany (blashany dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - need (something), lack (something);
meni marriage (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
me marriage pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I do not have enough money, I need money; change the hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I do not have enough time, I do not have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the district center in the Kiev region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brovarstvo - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rough
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - German. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - build
budinok - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - building, house
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabic cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - student of bursa

Wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - attract
vagat - vage (German indefinite, shaky) - to hesitate, not to decide
vagitna (female) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("gained weight")
wag - Waage, die - scales;
respectful - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German to weigh) - weigh, weigh;
varta - Wart, der (German guardian, guard) - guard;
vartist - Wert, der - cost
vartovy - Wart, der (German guardian, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or the sick, perform official duties) - to stand on the clock; guard, protect
warty - wert - standing, costing
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, marine watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
viser - (from German Visier, das - visor) - pattern
vovna - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet

Guy - Hain, der - grove, forest, copse, oak forest
haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from the Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian hired warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - hired warrior, servant, traveling lackey
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
halmo - Halm, der (it contains a stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the air with a bunch of straw?) - brake
halmuvati - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the air with a bundle of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - hardening, hardening
gartuvati - haerten - to temper (in the village of Bobryk, Brovarsky district, Kiev region, a dialect word was used, derived from gartuvati - gartanachka, which meant potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - variety, type, variety, quality
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape someone) - to rape
gendlyuvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (the word hetman came to the Ukrainian language through Polish) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gesheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - trading business
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (in it - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (multiple, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, foundation, justification
priming - gruendlich - thoroughly,
priming - gruendlich - solid
priming, priming - gruenden (German: to lay the foundation for something, to substantiate) - to substantiate
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German watch) - call someone at a distance, call loudly
gum - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gum - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect heard in the city of Gogolev, Kyiv region)

Dah - Dach, das - roof
ladies - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnia – Druckerei, die – typography
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuvati - druecken - to print
dyakuwati - danken - give thanks

Education (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovy" - educated, educated. From this adjective arose the distorted common folk ironic “midiking” (an arrogant person with a claim to education) and the expression: “midiking, only not drokovy” (with a claim to education, but still not printed)

Zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it from it. Soldo - a monetary unit, lat. Solidus) - a hired warrior

Zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow

Istota - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)

Kylo - Keil, der (German wedge, dowel, dihedral angle) - Kylo, ​​a hand-held mountain tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
kapelyuh - Kappe, die - hat
chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also matters in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - pot-bellied glass vessel with a stopper, for water or drinks, often faceted, decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. make notches, notches but with something) - ruble, i.e. embossed, notched
karbuvati - kerben - make a notch, mint (money)
kvacha - in it. quatsch - colloquial slap!, bam!, clap!, absurd; noun Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, goofy) - a piece of rags for spreading grease on a frying pan, and in a children's game - the one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer the role of kwach with his touch, the name of this game, an exclamation when transferring the role of kwach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt for receiving something) - ticket (entrance, travel card)
keleh - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
keruvati - kehren (in German it matters to turn) - to manage, lead
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewels (through Polish klejnot - a jewel, a precious object), regalia, which were the military insignia of the Ukrainian hetmans (mace, bunchuk, banner, seal and timpani)
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many components: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or with filling
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love (kohati - to love only a person: a girl, a child, etc.)
kosht (for your own kosht) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, food) - account (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє?) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
kravatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, small trader, huckster
Kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
crisis - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (bread) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl. crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kushtuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (through Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, appearance, form
on kshtalt - nach Gestalt, - in the image and likeness
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this word is of Turkish origin)
kitty - Kitz, das, Kitze, die - kitty

Lan - Land, das (German country, land, soil) - field, field
lantuh - Leintuch (German linen shawl, linen) - row, rope (coarse sackcloth or clothes), a large bag of row or ponytail ("ponitok" - peasant homespun half-cloth), burlap for cart tires, for drying grain bread, etc. The word got into the Ukrainian language from German through Polish (lantuch - a rag, a rag).
lanzug - Langzug (German long pull, long line) - rope
leibik (dialect word) - Bavarian-Austrian leibel, German. leibl, laibl, laibli - men's or women's outerwear (sleeveless)
element (arguably voiced rozmov; galas) - Lamentation (complaint, cry) - a very loud conversation; cry, lamentation.
lementuvati (speak more loudly; galasuvati; shout in pain, suffering, or wailing about help; make gamir, chirping at once (about people); shout (about creatures, birds, etc.); unimportantly: show interest to some kind of food, actively discussing yoga, turning to the new respect of a wide community; - lamentieren (complain, lament, loudly express one's displeasure) - speak very loudly, scream, lament; scream in pain or call for help; make noise (about people); shout (about animals , birds, etc.); disparaging: show interest in any issue, actively discuss it, drawing the attention of the general public to it.
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
likhtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire - lantern
deprive, deprive - from him. lassen (in it. - this verb has the meaning "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
meadow - from him. Lauge, die - alkali, alkali
loh - from him. Loch, das (German hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. Luest, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
Lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid

Malyuvati - malen - draw
little ones - malen (draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manirny - manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-mannered) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
melduvati - melden - register, notify, report
molasses - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when sugar is obtained)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 ha (Western Ukrainian dialect)
mur - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, to owe

Whip - Nagaika, die (Cossack whip woven from strips of leather) - whip
draw - Riss, der (drawing, plan, sketch, sketch) - sketch (short prose work of art)
naphtha - Nafta, die (obsolete) - oil
nіsenіtnitsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)

Oliya - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from the Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, salt of acetic acid) - vinegar

Pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
pasuvati - passsen - to approach something (to a person, etc.), to be at the right time
penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlin (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perukarnya - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilaf - Pilaw (read pilaf), (in it options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing)
scarf - Platte, die - plate, plate
parade ground - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
pump - Pumpe, die - pump, pump (in Russian, the word "pump" is used less often)
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
sloppy - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces)
proposition - poponieren (offer) - offer
to pronounce - poponieren - to offer
private - privat - private, personal, personal

Rada - Rat, der - council (instruction or collegiate body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - adviser; narada - meeting
walkie-talkie (in Wislovi: ty maesh walkie-talkie) - Ratio, die (German reason, logical thinking) - rightness (in expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - count, count
reshta - Rest, der - remainder
Rilla - Rille, die in it. furrow groove, groove - plowed field, systematically cultivated land
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
risik - Risiko, das - risk
trough - Rohr, das - gutter, groove
rice - Riss, der (crack, gap) - feature (characteristic)
risk - Ri ;, der (crack, gap) - dash, line (sign)
rura (obsolete word) - Rohr, das - (water) pipe
ryatuvati - retten - save

Celera - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sense - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian, this word came from Latin)
scurvy - Skorbut, der - scurvy
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
relish - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - tasty, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
stringy - Strunk, der (German rod, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Norse. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "pole, pole" - flag, banner

Teslyar - Tischler, der - carpenter
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble

Ugorshchina - Ungarn, das - Hungary

Fine (Western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word came from English)
farba - Farbe, die - paint
farbuvats – farben – to dye
fah - Fach, das - specialty
fahivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
fortress - Fort, das, -s, -s - fort, fortress
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugebaenk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - cart
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carrier

Hapati - happen (nach D) (in it. - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces) - grab
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - house
hut - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - hut
farm - Huette, die (German hut, hut, hut, cabin) - farm

Tsvirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, tweet
flowers - Zwecke, die (in it. a short nail with a wide hat, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
chainshop - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
tsil - Ziel, das - goal
cibula - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civil
qina (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breasts
zukor - Zucker, der - sugar

Series - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock
chipati - ziepen jemandem - jemandem an den Haaren oder an der Haut schmerzhaft ziehen - it hurts to pull someone by the hair or skin - touch, hurt someone

Shablja - Saebel, der - saber
checks - Schachspiel, das - chess
shakhrai - Schacherei, die (German petty trade, business dealing, haggling) - swindler
Shafar (old reference to God) - schaffen (German to create) - Creator
Šibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - hangman, hooligan
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
error - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
ham - Schincken, der oder die - ham, piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
tavern - Schenke, der - tavern, tavern
way - from the German schlagen - to beat, to tamp - road, path
shop (Western Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - fenced off part of the yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
spaciruvati – spazieren – to walk
shukhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer

Shcherbatiy - Scherbe, die, (in it. shard, fragment) - with one fallen out, knocked out or broken tooth (this word is also in Russian)

Fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (in it. annual market) - fair (this word is also in Russian)

Ukrainian words similar to German

The figure shows the Germans, III century AD. In the picture - Ukrainians
In the Ukrainian language, one can find many words of Germanic origin, words common to Ukrainian and German, as well as words similar to German. Knowing these words helps in learning the German language. There are more such words in Ukrainian than in Russian.

There are several reasons and eras for the emergence of common Ukrainian-German words. The Germanic and Slavic languages ​​belong to the Indo-European language group and arose from the common proto-language of SANSKRITA. Therefore, in the Germanic and Slavic languages ​​there are many similar single-root words; German for example. Mutter - Ukrainian matir, mother; German glatt (smooth, slippery, dodgy) - Ukrainian. smooth. During the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, German tribes (Teutons, Goths, etc.) passed through the lands of present-day Ukraine, including through the Lower Dnieper and Volhynia, for several centuries (in the 1st millennium AD). In Volhynia, the Eastern Goths were in the II - V centuries. AD Part of the German-speaking population did not go west along with the majority of their fellow tribesmen, but continued to live in the lands of present-day Ukraine. The Eastern Slavs appeared in Volhynia and the Dnieper region at about the same time, in the first half of the first millennium of a new era. Rare settlements of some German-speaking tribes interspersed with settlements of the Slavs. The inhabitants of these villages gradually merged with the Eastern Slavs and transferred to the latter part of their vocabulary. The German-speaking population influenced the language and culture of the Eastern Slavs, and later became related and merged with the Slavs. The ancient origin in the Ukrainian language of words related to Germanic is confirmed by the fact that among these words there are many such that denote the basic concepts of life (buduvati, dakh). In the Kiev region, there is still a settlement GERMANOVKA, known by this name for more than 1100 years. In the ninth century AD, and, perhaps, even earlier, close communication between Russia and the Varangians began, who brought with them from Scandinavia the language of the North Germanic (Scandinavian) group. From the Varangians, who came at the end of the 9th century. led by Prince Oleg to Kyiv, these words got into the language of the glades and drevlyans who lived in these places. The Glade and the Drevlyans spoke their own languages ​​close to each other. And since the time of Christianization, the role of the written language in all of Kievan Rus was performed by the Church Slavonic language, in which the Slavic Bible of Cyril and Methodius was written. Polyansky was the spoken language of the Kiev principality and became one of the progenitors of the Ukrainian language. During the eventful thousand-year history of Ukraine, German words penetrated into the Ukrainian language in other ways. The penetration of German words into the Ukrainian language continued first through the Polish language during the time of the Polish-Lithuanian state, which included Ukraine for a long time, and later through Galicia, which was part of Austria-Hungary for a long time. From ancient times, German specialists came to Ukraine (builders, carpenters, blacksmiths, brewers, bakers, directors, management personnel, etc.). They all brought with them the terms of their professions.
Not all words of the Ukrainian language, cognate with German, got into the Ukrainian language directly from the German language. Words common to these languages ​​may have other origins. Separate German words entered Ukraine through Yiddish, the language of Eastern European Ashkinazi Jews. for example, the word gwalt (scream, noise), Gewalt, which in German means power, violence.
The presence in the Ukrainian language of many words common to Ukrainian and German is also explained by the borrowing by these languages ​​of international words from Latin, Greek, French, English and other languages. There are many similar international words of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, English and French origin in Ukrainian and German. For example, the words kreyda (Kreide, chalk), education (Edukation, education), fainy (fein, beautiful). Some Ukrainian words in this glossary are not related to German words, but only accidentally similar, consonant with them.
It makes sense to indicate in one glossary all words common to Ukrainian and German, regardless of their origin. Knowledge of such words helps in learning the German language.
When pronouncing the Ukrainian sound "g", it should be borne in mind that in most cases it is pronounced as a voiced sound, paired with a voiceless sound "x", and in Russian - as a voiced sound, paired with a voiced sound "k". Therefore, Ukrainian words with the letter “g” are closer in sound to German words with the letter “h” (gartuvati - haerten - to temper).

In the glossary, first the Ukrainian word is given, then after the dash the German word, then the definite article showing the grammatical gender of the noun (in German), then in parentheses the meaning of this word in German, if this meaning does not completely coincide with the meaning of the Ukrainian word, then after dash - the Russian meaning of the Ukrainian word.
In this publication, special German letters ("sharp" es, vowels with "umlaut") cannot be conveyed. They are transmitted by combinations of Latin letters -ss, -ue, -ae, -oe.

Accentuate - akzentuiren - emphasize, highlight, put an accent
gazebo - Altan, der, Balkon mit Unterbau (in it from it. alt - high) - gazebo, gazebo. At first, large balconies were called that, then - platforms, ledges and gazebos from which you can admire the surrounding landscape.

Bavovna - Baumwolle, die - cotton
bugnet - Bajonett, das - bayonet
bastard - Bastard, der, (in German from French) - bastard, illegitimate child
blakitny - blau - blue, sky-colored
badge - Blech, das - tin
blashany (blashany dah) - blechern (blechernes Dach) - tin (tin roof)
borg - Borg, der - debt, loan
brakuvati (chogos) - brauchen - need (something), lack (something);
meni marriage (chogos) - es braucht mir (etwas) - I lack (something), I need (something);
change pennies - es braucht mir Geld - I don't have enough money, I need money; I miss the hour - es braucht mir Zeit - I don't have enough time, I don't have time
brovar - Brauer, der - brewer (the name of the district center in the Kiev region of Brovary comes from the word "brovar")
brewery - Brauerei, die - brewery, brewery
brovarstvo - Brauerei, die - brewing
brutal - brutal - rough
brucht - Bruch, der - scrap, scrap metal
buda, booth - Bude, die - it. shop, stall, gatehouse;
buduvati - Bude, die (German shop, stall, gatehouse) - build
burnus - Burnus, der, -nusse, - Arabic cloak with a hood
bursa - Burse, die - bursa, a medieval school with a hostel
bursak - Burse, der, - student of bursa

Wabiti - Wabe, die (German honeycomb) - attract
vagat - vage (German indefinite, shaky) - to hesitate, not to decide
vagitna (female) - waegen (German to weigh) - pregnant ("gained weight")
wag - Waage, die - scales;
important - Waage, die (German scales) - weighty, important;
vazhiti - Waage, die (German scales), waegen (German to weigh) - to weigh;
varta - Wart, der (German guardian, guard) - guard;
vartovy - Wart, der (German keeper, guardian) - sentry;
vartuvati - warten (German to wait, take care of a child or the sick, perform official duties) - to stand on the clock; guard, protect
vazhiti - waegen - weigh, weigh;
watch - Wache, die, Wachte, die, - security, military guard, naval watch, shift;
vvazhati - waegen (German to dare, dare, take risks) - to have an opinion
vizierunok - (from it. Visier das - visor) - pattern
vovna - Wolle, die - wool
vogky - feucht - wet

Guy - Hain, der - grove, forest, copse, oak forest
haiduk - Haiduck (Heiduck), der (from the Hungarian hajduk - driver) (German Hungarian hired warrior, partisan, Hungarian courtier) - hired warrior, servant, traveling footman
hook - Haken, der - hook, hook, hook
halmo - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - brake
halmuvati - Halm, der (in it. stalk, straw, straw, maybe the Ukrainians slowed down the cart with a bunch of straw?) - slow down
garth - Haertung, die - hardening, hardening
gas - Gas, das (German gas) - kerosene
gatunok - Gattung, die - grade, type, variety, quality
gartuvati - haerten - to harden (in the village of Bobrik, Brovarsky district, Kiev region, a dialect word was used, derived from gartuvati - gartanachka, which meant potatoes baked in a pot on a fire)
hubbub - Gewalt, die (German violence, power) - a loud cry
gvaltuvati - Gewalt, die (German violence, power), jemandem Gewalt antun (German to rape) - to rape
gendlyuvati - handeln - to trade (in Ukrainian it is more often used in an ironic, condemning sense)
hetman (the word hetman came to the Ukrainian language through the Polish language) - Hauptmann, der (German captain, centurion, chief) - hetman
gesheft - Gescheft, das (German business, occupation, business, shop) - trading
gop! (exclamation) - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (in it. - jump, jump) - gop!
hopak - Hops, der, hops!, hopsassa! (German jump, jump) - hopak, Ukrainian dance
grati (multiplier, plural) - Gitter, das - lattice (prison or window)
soil - Grund, der, (German soil, bottom, land) - soil, foundation, justification
priming - gruendlich - thoroughly,
priming - gruendlich - solid
priming, priming - gruenden (German: to lay the foundation for something, to substantiate) - to substantiate
gukati - gucken, kucken, qucken (German watch) - call someone from a distance, call loudly
gum - Gummi, der - rubber, rubber
gum - Gummi- - rubber, rubber
humor - Humor, der, nur Einz. - humor
gurok, pl. gurki - Gurke, die, - cucumber (dialect heard in the city of Gogolev, Kyiv region)

Dah - Dach, das - roof
ladies - Damespiel, der - checkers
drit - Draht, der, Draehte - wire
druk - Druck, der - pressure; printing (books, newspapers, etc.)
drukarnia - Druckerei, die - typography
drukar - Drucker, der - printer
drukuvati - druecken - print
dyakuwati - danken - give thanks

Education (obsolete) - Edukation, die - education, upbringing; from this Latin word comes the Ukrainian adjective "edukovy" - educated, educated. From this adjective arose the distorted common folk ironic “midiking” (an arrogant person with a claim to education) and the expression: “midiking, only not drokovy” (with a claim to education, but still not printed)

Zhovnir (obsolete) - Soeldner, der (in it from it. Soldo - a monetary unit, lat. Solidus) - a hired warrior

Zaborguvati - borgen - make debts, borrow

Istota - ist (German is, exists - the third person singular of the present tense of the verb sein - to be) - being (organism)

Chapel - Kapelle, die (chapel also matters in it) - chapel
karafka - Karaffe, die - pot-bellied glass vessel with a stopper, for water or drinks, often faceted, decanter
karbovanets - kerben (in it. make notches, notches but with something) - ruble, i.e. embossed, notched
karbuvati - kerben - notch, mint (money)
kvach - Quatsch, der (nonsense, rubbish, fool) - a piece of rags for spreading grease on a frying pan, in a children's game - one who is obliged to catch up with other players and transfer the role of kvach with his touch, the name of this game, an exclamation when transferring the role of kvach
ticket - Quittung, die (receipt, receipt for receiving something) - ticket (entrance, travel card)



kailo - Keil, der (German wedge, dowel, dihedral angle) - kailo, a manual mining tool for breaking off brittle rocks, a long steel pointed wedge mounted on a wooden handle
keleh - Kelch, der - goblet, bowl, vessel with a leg
kermach - Kehrer, der - helmsman, helmsman
kermo - Kehre, die, (German turn, meander of the road) - steering wheel
keruvati - kehren (in German it matters to turn) - to manage, lead
dumplings - Knoedel, der (in German Knoedel = Kloss - dumplings without filling, made from many components: eggs, flour, potatoes, bread and milk) - dumplings without filling or stuffed
kilim - Kelim, der - carpet (in German and Ukrainian, this word is of Turkish origin)
kleinodi - Kleinod, das - treasures, jewels (through Polish klejnot - jewel, precious item), regalia, which were military insignia of Ukrainian hetmans
color - Couleur, die (in German this word is of French origin) - color
coma - Komma, das - comma
kohati - kochen (German to boil) - to love
kosht (for your own kosht) - Kost, die (German food, table, food, food) - account (at your own expense)
koshtoris - der Kostenplan (pronounced koshtenplan) - estimate
koshtuvati (skilki koshtuє) - kosten (was kostet?) - cost (how much does it cost?)
kravatka - Krawatte, die - tie
kram - Kram, der - goods
kramar - Kraemer, der - shopkeeper, petty trader, huckster
Kramnitsa - Kram, (German goods) - shop, shop
kreida - Kreide, die - chalk
criminal - kriminell - criminal
crisis - Krise, die - crisis
krumka (bread) - Krume, die (German (bread) crumb, pl. crumbs, arable layer of the earth) - a slice, a cut piece of bread
kushtuvati - kosten - to taste
kshtalt (through Polish from German) - Gestalt, die - sample, appearance, form

Lantukh - Leintuch (German linen) - row, cord (coarse sackcloth or clothing), a large bag of row or ponytail ("ponitok" - peasant homespun half-cloth), sacking for tires for carts, for drying grain bread, etc. In Ukrainian language the word got from German through Polish (lantuch - a rag, a rag).
lanzug - Langzug (German long pull, long line) - rope
lizhko - liegen (German to lie) - bed
likhtar - from him. Licht, das light, fire; - flashlight
deprive, deprive - from him. lassen (in it. - this verb has the meaning "leave" and many other meanings) - leave, leave
loh - from him. Loch, das (German hole, hole, hole, pocket, ice hole, peephole, hole) - cellar
lusterko - from him. L;st, die (German joy, pleasure) - mirror
Lyada - from him. Lade, die (German chest, drawer) - a movable lid, a door that closes a hole inside something, a chest lid

Malyuvati - malen - draw
little ones - malen (draw) - drawing
painter - Maler, der - painter, artist
manirny - manierlich (German courteous, polite, well-mannered) - emphatically courteous, cutesy
matir - Mutter, die - mother
molasses - Melasse, die - molasses (sweet thick brown syrup, which is a waste when sugar is obtained)
blizzard - Schmetterling, der - butterfly (insect), moth
morgue - Grossen Magdeburger Morgen; 0.510644 Hektar - unit of land area; 0.5 ha (Western Ukrainian dialect)
mur - Mauer, die - stone (brick) wall
musiti - muessen - to be obliged, to owe

Nіsenіtnitsya - Sensus, der, Sinn, der (German "Sensus", "Sinn" - meaning; Ukrainian "sens" - meaning - come from Latin "sensus") - nonsense, absurdity, absurdity, absurdity, nonsense
nirka - Niere, die - kidney (human or animal organ)

Oliya - Oel, das (German liquid vegetable or mineral oil, oil) - liquid vegetable oil
ocet (in Ukrainian from Latin acetum) - Azetat, das (German acetate, salt of acetic acid) - vinegar

Pava - Pfau, der - peacock
palace - Palast, der - palace
papier - Papier, das - paper
pasuvati - passsen - to approach something (to a person, etc.), to be at the right time
penzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing or painting)
perlin (pearl) - Perle, die - pearl, pearl
peruca - Peruecke, die - wig
perucarnia - Peruecke, die (German wig) - hairdresser
pilaf - Pilaw (read pilaf), (in it options: Pilaf, Pilau), der - pilaf, an oriental dish of lamb or game with rice
pinzel - Pinsel, der - brush (for drawing)
plativka - Platte, die - plate, record
parade ground - Platz, der - area (in the village)
plundruvati - pluendern - plunder, plunder, devastate
dance - Flasche, die - bottle
porcelain - Porzellan, das - porcelain
sloppy - happen (nach D), haeppchenweise - hastily, grab (something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces)
proposition - poponieren (offer) - offer
to pronounce - poponieren - to offer

Rada - Rat, der - council (instruction or collegiate body); cognate Ukrainian words: radnik - adviser; narada - meeting
walkie-talkie (in Wislov: ty maesh walkie-talkie) - Ratio, die (German reason, logical thinking) - correctness (in expression: you are right)
rahuvati - rechnen - count (money, etc.)
rahunok - Rechnung, die - count, count
reshta - Rest, der - remainder
risik - Risiko, das - risk
robotar - Roboter, der - robot
rinva - Rinne, die - gutter, groove
ryatuvati - retten - to save

Celery - Sellerie, der oder die - celery
sense - Sensus, der, Sinn, der - meaning (in German and Ukrainian, this word came from Latin)
scurvy - Skorbut, der - scurvy
relish - Geschmack, der - taste
relish - schmecken - to taste
savory - schmackhaft - delicious, tasty
list - Spiess, der - spear
rates - Stau, Stausee, der - pond
statute - Statut, das - charter
strike - Streik, der - strike, strike (from English)
strіha - Stroh, das (straw); Strohdach, das (thatched roof) - thatched roof
strum - Strom, der - electric current
strumok - Strom, der (German river, stream) - stream
stringy - Strunk, der (German rod, stem) - slender
stribati - streben (German to strive) - to jump
banner - goes back to Old Norse. stoeng (Old Swedish - stang) "pole, pole" - flag, banner

Teslyar - Tischler, der - carpenter
torturi (in Ukrainian it is used only in the plural) - Tortur, die - torture
tremtiiti - Trema, das (German trembling, fear) - to tremble

Ugryshchyna - Ungarn, das - Hungary

Fine (western Ukrainian dialect) - fein (German thin, small, graceful, noble, rich, good, excellent, weak, quiet, beautiful) - beautiful (in Western Ukrainian dialect this word came from English)
fach - Fach, das - specialty
fahivets - Fachmann, der - specialist
jointer - Fugebank, die, pl. Fugeb;nk - jointer
wagon - Fuhre, die - wagon
furman - Fuhrmann, der - carrier

Hapati - happen (nach D) (in it. - grab something with your teeth, mouth, eat hastily, swallow food in pieces) - grab
hut - Huette, die - house

Tsvirinkati - zwitschen - twitter, chirp
flowers - Zwecke, die (in it. a short nail with a wide hat, a button) - a nail
cegla - Ziegel, der - brick
chainshop - Ziegelei, die - brick factory
ceber - Zuber, der - tub, tub with ears
tsil - Ziel, das - goal
tsibula - Zwiebel, die - onion (plant)
civilian - zivil - civilian, civil
qina (obsolete) - Zinn, das - tin
tsitska (roughly) - Zitze, die - female breasts
tsukor - Zucker, der - sugar

Succession - Herde, die - herd, herd, herd, flock

Checks - Schachspiel, das - chess
shakhrai - Schacherei, die (German petty trade, business dealing, bargaining) - swindler
Šibenik - schieben schieben (German to move, push) - hangman, hooligan
shibenitsa - schieben (German to move, push) - gallows
bug - Scheibe, Fensterscheibe, die - window glass
ham - Schincken, der oder die - ham, piece of ham
shinkar - Schenk, der - innkeeper
tavern - Schenke, der - tavern, tavern
way - from the German schlagen - beat, tamp - road, way
shop (Western Ukrainian dialect), - Schuppen, der - fenced off part of the yard or barn, most often with walls made of boards (especially for storing carts and other equipment)
shukhlyada - Schublade, die - drawer

Shcherbatiy - Scherbe, die, (in it. shard, fragment) - with one fallen out, knocked out or broken tooth (this word is also in Russian)

Fair - Jahrmarkt, der, (in it. annual market) - fair (this word is also in Russian)


Glossary of Ukrainian words similar to German

Russian words in German
Oleg Kiselev
RUSSIAN WORDS IN GERMAN
Kiselev O.M. 2007

Every language has words of foreign origin. In German, words of Russian origin mainly refer to the specifics of Russian or Soviet life.

Abkuerzungsverzeichnis - list of abbreviations
Adj. - Adjektiv - adjective
Ez. - Einzahl - singular
frz. - francoesisch - French
it. - italienisch - Italian
lat. - lateinisch - latin
mz. - Mehrzahl - plural
nlat. - neulateinisch - New Latin
russ. - russisch - Russian
slaw. - slawish - Slavic
tschech. - tschechisch - Czech
umg. - umgangssprachlich - from the spoken language
see - sieh! - Look!

This glossary contains words of Russian origin, most of which the average German understands without translation or explanation. Some of these words are understood only by advanced Germans. In German texts, such words are used without translation.
After the noun being explained, the gender of the noun and the endings of the genitive case (genitive) singular are indicated in brackets, as well as nominative case(nominative) plural. An explanation of the meaning of these words is given in German and in Russian.

Aktiv, (das, -s, nur Ez.), - Personenegruppe, die eine Aufgabe in der Gesellschaft erfuellt (in Kommunist. Lagern) (lat.-russ.) - asset, (in communist countries)
Aktivist, (der, -n, -n), - 1. jemand, der aktiv und zielstrebig ist, 2. ausgezeichneter Werktaetiger (in der DDR) (lat.-russ.) - activist, active worker (in the GDR)
Apparatschik, (der, -n, -n), sturer Funktion;r (lat.-russ.) - apparatchik, stubborn (stupid, limited) functionary
Babuschka, Matr(j)oschka, traditionalle russische Puppe - in German it is often used instead of the word matryoshka
Balalajka, (die, -, -ken), russischem Zupfinstrument - balalaika, Russian plucked musical instrument
Barsoi, (der, -s, -s), russischer Windhund - greyhound, Russian hound dog
Borschtsch, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Eintopf aus Roten Rueben, Weisskraut, sauer Sahne u.a. (als polnische, ukrainische oder russische Spezialitaet) - borsch, Polish, Ukrainian or Russian first beetroot and/or cabbage dish with sour cream
Beluga, (der, -s, -s), 1. kleine Walart, Weiswal, 2. (nur Ez.) Hausenkaviar, 3. Hausen (Huso huso L.) - 1. white whale, beluga whale, marine mammal of the dolphin family, 2. beluga caviar, 3. beluga, a genus of fish of the sturgeon family, migratory fish of the Black, Azov, Caspian and Adriatic seas
Bistro, (das, -s, -s), kleine Gaststaedte mit einer Weinbar (russ.-frz.) - bistro, small cafe with a wine bar, snack bar, small restaurant (derived from the Russian word for "fast"; after defeating Napoleon in 1814 Russian Cossacks in Paris used this word)
Blini, (das, -s, -s), kleiner Buchweizenpfannkuchen - pancakes (in Germany they believe that pancakes are made from buckwheat flour)
Bojar, (der, -n, -n), altruss. Adliger, altrumaenischer Adliger - boyar (in ancient Russia or in former Romania)
Bolschewik, (der, -n, -n oder -i), Mitglied der Kommunistischen Partei der ehemaliges Sovjetunion (bis 1952) - Bolshevik, member of the Communist Party of the former USSR (until 1952)
bolschewisieren, (Verb), bolschewistisch machen - to Bolshevize
Bolschewismus, (der, -, nur Ez.), Herrschaft der Bolschewiken, (nlat.-russ.) - Bolshevism, Bolshevik domination
Bolschewist, (der, -en, -en), Anhoenger des Bolschewismus - Bolshevik
bolschewistisch, (Adj.), zum Bolschewismus gehoerig - Bolshevik
Burlak, (der, -en, -en), Wolgakahntreidler, Schiffsziher - burlak, a person from a group of people pulling a barge
cyrillische Schrift - see kyrillische Schrift
Datscha, (die, -, -n), Landhaus (in ehemalige DDR) - cottage, country house (formerly - in the former GDR)
Dawaj-dawaj! - come on, come on! (in Germany they know this Russian expression, but they do not understand its literal meaning; the expression was brought by prisoners of war who returned from Russia)
Desjatine, (die, -, -n), altes russisches Flaechenma; (etwas mehr als als ein Hektar) - tithe, an old Russian measure of area, slightly more than one hectare
Getman, (der, -s, -e), (dt.-poln.-ukr.), oberster ukrainische Kosakenfuehrer, (from German Hauptmann - captain, centurion, chief) - hetman (Ukrainian), hetman (Russian) ) (the word hetman came into the Ukrainian language through the Polish language
Glasnost fuer Offenheit, Gorbatschows politischer Reformkurs - glasnost, the political course of Gorbachev's reforms
Gley (der, -, nur Ez.), nasser Mineralboden - soil profile of green, blue or bluish-rusty color due to the presence of ferrous iron (in Russian from English)
Gospodin, (der, -s, Gospoda), Herr - master
Gulag, (der, -s, nur Ez.), Hauptverwaltung der Lagern (in der ehemaliges Sovjetunion) - Gulag, headquarters of camps in former USSR
Iglu, (der oder das, -s, -s), aus Sneebloken bestehende runde Hutte des Eskimos - an igloo consisting of snow blocks round structure of the Eskimos
Iwan, (der, -s, -s), Russe, sowietischer Soldat; Gesamtheit der sowjetischen Soldaten (als Spitzname im II Weltkrieg) - Ivan, Russian, Soviet soldier, Soviet army (as a nickname in II world war)
Jakute, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines Turkvolkes in Sibirien - nationality, a person belonging to one of the Turkic peoples of Siberia
Jurte, (die, -, -n), rundes Filzzelt mittelasiatischer Nomaden - yurt, round tent of Central Asian nomads
Kadet, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger einer 1905 gegruendeten, liberal-monarchistischen russischen Partei, - cadet, member of the party of constitutional democrats created in 1905, supporters of the constitutional monarchy in tsarist Russia
Kalaschnikow (der, -s, -s), Maschinenpistole (im Namen des russische Erfinder), - Kalashnikovs; Kalashnikov assault rifle (on behalf of the Russian inventor)
Kalmuecke (Kalmyke), (der. -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines Westmongolischenvolkes - Kalmyk
Kasache, (der, -en, -en), Einwohner von Kasachstan, Angehoeriger eines Turkvolkes in Centralasien - Kazakh
Kasack, (der, -s, -s), ueber Rock oder Hose getragene, mit Guertel gehaltene Bluse (durch it.-frz.) - a blouse worn over a dress or trousers and supported by a belt
Kasatschok, (der. -s, -s), akrobatischer Kosakentanz, bei dem die Beine aus der Hoke nach vorn geschleuden werden - an acrobatic dance of the Cossacks, in which the legs slide forward
Kascha, (die, -, nur Ez.), russische Buchweizengruetze, Brei - porridge, in Germany the word "Kascha" is used mainly to refer to buckwheat porridge
KGB - KGB, State Security Committee
Kibitka, (die, -, -s), 1. Jurte, 2. einfacher, ueberdachter russischer Bretterwagen oder Schlitten - 1. yurt, 2. kibitka, a simple covered Russian cart or sleigh
Knute, (die, -, -n), Riemenpeitsche; Gewaltherrschaft - whip, belt whip, control by force
Kolchos (der, das, -, Kolchose), Kolchose (die, -, -n), landwirtschaftliczhe Productionsgenossenschaft in Sozialismus - collective farm, collective farm, agricultural production cooperative under socialism
Komsomol (der, -, nur Ez.), kommunistiscze jugedorganisation (in der ehemaliges UdSSR) (Kurzwort) - Komsomol
Komsomolze (der, -n, -n), Mitglied des Komsomol - member of the Komsomol
Kopeke, (die, -, -n), abbr. Kop. - penny
Kosak, (der, -en, -en), - freier Krieger, leichter Reiter; in Russland und in die Ukraine angesiedelten Bevoelkerungsgruppe - Cossack
Kreml, (der, -s, -s), Stadtburg in russischen Staedten; Stadtburg in Moskau und Sitz der russische Regierung; die russische Regierung - kremlin, central fortress in ancient russian cities, kremlin, central fortress in moscow, soviet or russian government
Kulak, (der, -en, -en), Grossbauer, (von russisches Wort Kulak, bedeutet auch Faust) - prosperous peasant, fist
Kyrillika, Kyrilliza, kyrillische Schrift - slawische Schrift (slaw.) - Cyrillic, Church Slavonic font, the name of a group of Slavic fonts (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Slavonic) derived from the Church Slavonic font created by Cyril and Methodius
Leninismus, (der, -s, nur Ez.), der von W.I.Lenin weiterentwickelte Marksismus (rus.-nlat.) - Leninism
Leninist, (der, -en, -en), Anh;nger des Leninismus (rus.-nlat.) - supporter of Leninism, Leninist
leninistisch, (Adj.), zum Leninismus gehoerig, darauf beruhend (rus.-nlat.) - related to Leninism, based on Leninism
Machorka (der, -s, nur Ez.), russischer Tabak, - shag, Russian strong tobacco
Malossol, (der, -s, nur Ez.), schwach gesalzener russische Kaviar - salted caviar
Matr(j)oschka, traditionalle russische Puppe - matryoshka
Molotowskokteul - Molotov cocktail; Molotov cocktail ( original name cocktail for Molotov originated in Finland during the Soviet-Finnish war of 1940)
Panje, (der, -s, -s), russischer Bauer, (scherzhaft, abwertend) - Russian peasant (ironically)
Panjewagen, (der, -s, -), kleine einfache russische Pferdwagen, (scherzhaft, abwertend) - primitive Russian cart (ironically)
Papirossa, (die, -, -rosay), russische Zigarette mit langem, hohlem Mundstueck - cigarette, Russian cigarette with a long, hollow mouthpiece
Perm, (das, -s, nur Ez.), juengste Formation des Paleozoikums (Geologie und Paleontologie) - Permian, early Paleozoic period (in geology and paleontology), from the name of the Russian city of Perm
Perestrojka, (ohne Artikel), (der, -s, nur Ez.), Gorbatschtwsreformen, Umgeschtaltung in SU - perestroika, Gorbachev's reforms in the USSR
Petschaft, (das, -s, -e), zum Siegeln verwendeter Stempel oder Ring mit eingrawiertem Namenszug, Wappen oder; nlichen, (tschech.-rus.) - used to make an impression in soft material (in sealing wax) seal, stamp or ring with an engraved name, coat of arms, etc.
Pirogge, (die, -, -n), mit Fleisch oder Fisch, Reis oder Kraut gefuelte russische Hefepastete - Russian pies stuffed with meat, fish, rice or greens
Pogrom, (das, -es, -e), gewaltige Ausschreitungen gegen rassische, religiose, nationale Gruppen, z. B. gegen Juden - pogroms, violent outrages that are directed against racial, religious or national groups of the population, for example against Jews.
Podsol, (der, -s, nur Ez.), mineralsalzarmer, wenig fruchtbarer Boden, Bleicherde - podzolic soil, poor in mineral salts and infertile soil
Politbuero, (das, -s, -s), kurz fuer Politisches Buero, zentraler leitender Ausschuss einer kommunistischen Partei - politburo, political bureau, central leadership of the communist party
Pope, (der, -en, -en), Geistlicher der russischen und griechisch-orthodoxen Kirche - priest, priest of the Russian or Greek Orthodox Church, priest
Rubel (der, -s, -), russische und ehemalige sowjetische Waehrungseinheit - Russian and former Soviet currency
Samisdat, (der, -s, nur Ez.), selbstgeschribene oder selbstgedrueckte illegale Buecher - samizdat, illegally produced publications at home
Samojede, (der, -en, -en), 1.Angehoeriger eines nordsibirischen Nomadenvolks; 2. eine Schlittenhundrasse - 1. Samoyed, a person belonging to one of the Siberian nomadic tribes; 2. draft dog breed
Samowar, (der, -s, -e), russische Teemaschine - Russian samovar
Sarafan, (der, -s, -e), ausgeschnitenes russische Frauenkleid, das ueber eine Bluse getragen wyrde (pers.-russ.) - Russian women's clothing (the word came to Russian from Persian)
Stalinismus, (der, -s, nur Ez.), 1. totalitaere Dictatur J.Stalins (1879-1953), die 1936-1939 mit der Ermordung von Millionen Menschen gipfelte; 2. Versuch den Socialismus mit Gewaltakten umzusetzen (rus.-nlat.) - Stalinism; 2. attempt to introduce socialism through violence
Stalinorgel, (die, -, -n), sovietischer rohrlose Raketenwerfer ("Katjuscha") - "Katyusha", the name of the Soviet barrelless rocket artillery, which appeared during the war of 1941-1845.
Steppe, (der, -s, -s), weite Grassebene - steppe, wide grassy plain
Sputnik, (der, -s, -s), kuenstlicher Satelit im Weltraum, - satellite, artificial space body revolving around a natural space body
Taiga, (die, -, nur Ez.), Nadelwald-Sumpfguertel (in Sibirien), (tuerk.-russ.) - taiga, natural area coniferous forests, coniferous forest (in Siberia), often swampy
TASS (die, nur Ez.), ehem. staatliche Sovetische Pressagentur (russ., Kurzwort) - TASS, Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union
Tatar, (der, -en, -en), Angehoeriger eines t; rkischen Volks in der Sovjetunion (t; rk.-russ.) - Tatar
Troika, (die, -, -s), russische Gespannform, Dreigespann; Dreierbuendnis - a troika, a team of three horses, a team of three persons, a judicial panel that condemned the so-called. enemies of the people (in the former USSR)
Trotzkismus, (der, -, nur Ez.), ultralinke Kommunistische Stroemung - Trotskyism, ultra-left communist political direction
Trozkist, (der, -en, -en), anh;nger des Trotzkismus - Trotskyist, supporter of Trotskyism
Tscheka, (die, -, nur Ez.), politische Politei der Sowjetunion (bis 1922) - Cheka, Cheka, political police at the beginning Soviet power(until 1922)
Tscherwonez, (der, -, plural Tscherwonzen), altrussische Goldm;nze, 10-Rubelstuck (frueher) - chervonets, gold ten-ruble pre-revolutionary Russian coin
Tundra, (die, -, Tundren), Kaeltesteppe (finn.-russ.) - tundra
Ukas, der, Ukasses, plural Ukasse, Zarenerlass, Anordnung (scherzhaft) - decree, command of the king or supreme authority
Werst, (die, -, -), altes russisches Laengenmass (etwas mehr als Kilometer) - an old Russian measure of area, a little more than one kilometer
Wodka, (der, -s, -s), russischer oder polnischer Getreideschnaps oder Kartoffelschnaps (manchmal mit Zusaetzen, zB Bueffelgrasswodka) - vodka, Russian (Wodka) or Polish (Vodka) a strong alcoholic drink made from grain or potatoes, sometimes infused with herbs (e.g. bison)
Zar, (der, -en, -en), Herschertitel (frueher, in Russland, Bulgarien, Serbien, Momtenegro) (lat.-got.-russ.) - king
Zarewitsch, (der, -es, -e), russischer Zarenson, Prinz - prince, son of the Russian Tsar
Zarewna, (die, -, -s), Zarentochter - princess, daughter of the king
zaristisch, (Adj.), zur Zarenherschaft geh; rig, zarentreu, monarchistisch - royal, related to tsarism, loyal to the king
Zariza, (die, -, -s oder Zarizen), Zarengemahlin oder regirende Herscherin - queen, king's wife or reigning monarch
Kiselev O.M. 2007


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