When paying for tuition at higher educational institutions. Free second higher education - benefits and opportunities for Russian students. Admission to the magistracy on a budgetary basis
How to pay for tuition at a university for a graduate who did not pass on the budget? It is clear that the parents of a future student have to prepare in advance for the possibility of paid education. However, the amount set aside for education can be partially saved by using benefits and subsidies, realizing tax deductions and finding internal reserves of the family budget. Experts from the Financial Health project tell you how to do it.
This goal only in the first approximation seems unbearable. Consider what parents can do.
Bank account. Suppose we need 1.75 million rubles. to study at Moscow State University. If admission to a university is planned as early as next summer, then yes, the amount looks daunting.
But if the child just went to school, then you have 11 years left. In this case, a suitable set of moderately conservative instruments (13% per year) and 13,200 rubles. monthly contributions will ensure the achievement of the goal of "a decent education for the child."
An important point: we take into account not the current cost of education - 1.75 million rubles, but the future cost of 3.2 million rubles, because the price of education, like other goods and services on the market, is affected by inflation by an average of 6 % in year.
And if the child has just been born, it is enough to set aside 400,000 rubles for his future education. all at the same 13% per year, in order to receive the required amount of 3.2 million rubles by the 18th anniversary.
If there is not much time left before the start of studies at the university - say, a few years, you can consider other ways to make savings for the child's education
Cumulative life insurance. This tool under any circumstances guarantees the receipt of the planned amount by the required date, and moreover, no plans for misuse of funds will work here.
Apartment for rent. Rent payments are quite capable of covering the cost of education, and this is true for almost any city in the world. And if parents have a goal to form a pension reserve for themselves, then buying an apartment can be an excellent solution for both of these goals at once: to provide for a child during the study period, and for parents in retirement.
The cost of one year of study at financial faculties varies as follows:
- from 40 to 100 thousand rubles - in the leading universities of regional cities;
- 350-360 thousand rubles - at Moscow State University. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University;
- 1.26 million rubles - in Oxford (about 20,000 pounds).
Tuition fees: additional options
Maternal capital. If the parents have not yet used it - for example, to buy real estate or pay off a mortgage - then it is quite possible to send the money to study in Russia.
13% of the amount spent on payment educational services can be returned as a tax deduction.
There is a huge amount charitable foundations which provide both full tuition and small scholarships for students wishing to study abroad, such as the Ford Foundation International Scholarship Program.
15,600 rubles of tax can be returned to the personal budget annually through a social tax deduction (according to Article 219 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), provided that you spent 120,000 rubles or more on education, treatment, financing a future pension or charity, provided that in the current the tax period you paid such amount of tax.
If the amount of expenses is less than 120,000 rubles, then the deduction will be proportionally reduced. But if the amount of expenses is more than 120,000 rubles, then the amount of tax that can be returned cannot be more than 15,600 rubles.
The maximum amount for the tax deduction is 120,000 rubles, however, the cost of educating children is no more than 50,000 rubles for each child in the total amount for both parents.
For example, if a person spent 70,000 rubles on the education of a child in a year, then the amount of the social tax deduction will be 50,000 rubles. (* 13% = 6,500 rubles - the amount of tax to be returned). If both parents spent 100,000 rubles on the education of a child, then their total deduction will also be equal to only 50,000 rubles. If a parent paid 50,000 rubles for the education of two children. for each, then the amount of the deduction will be 100,000 rubles (* 13% = 13,000 rubles - the amount of tax to be returned), and if for three, then no more than 120,000 (* 13% = 15,600 rubles - the amount of tax to be returned ).
At the same time, an important condition for paying for a child is his age - up to 24 years old, as well as mandatory full-time education and the availability of a license from an educational institution - this is the only requirement that applies to paying for education for oneself (age and form of education in this case, the role do not play).
When determining the amount of the social tax deduction, only the costs associated with paying for the education itself can be taken into account. Expenses incurred during the period of study, but not directly related to the educational process (accommodation, meals) are not included in the cost of education. Therefore, when determining the size of the social tax deduction, they cannot be taken into account.
Deductions can be received for education in a kindergarten, general education private or public school, courses of English language, in a music or art school, a sports section, a university (including a foreign one), but on one condition: a license for educational activities.
How to get a tax deduction
Deductions can only be received at the tax office at the place of residence, while it is necessary to file a personal income tax return for the year in which the expenses listed below were made.
Social tax deductions are provided at the end of the calendar year when submitting a tax return to the tax authority and submitting documents confirming the taxpayer's expenses. Such documents include contracts for training, treatment, and other payment documents (KKM check, cash receipt order, payment order, etc.).
When receiving a social deduction, it is not the period of study that is decisive, but the date of payment, i.e. when paying for several years of study, it is necessary to apply for a deduction in the current tax period.
The social tax deduction does not apply if the payment of tuition costs is made at the expense of funds.
A social tax deduction can be granted only on the basis of documents confirming the taxpayer's actual expenses for education, including an agreement with an educational institution.
If the contract is drawn up for the child, and tuition is paid on his behalf, that is, the parent is not indicated in the documents as a taxpayer, then a power of attorney (or an agency agreement) must be provided from the document for reimbursement of the deduction, according to which the parent trusts his son ( daughters) to pay for tuition. According to Art. 29 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the taxpayer may have an authorized representative.
If in one tax period social tax deductions cannot be used, then the balance of deductions is not transferred to the next tax periods. Those. if you paid for tuition in 2016, then you must file a declaration for a tax deduction strictly in 2017. Also, if for 2016 the amount of tax paid was less than the amount of the tax deduction, its balance is not transferred and will not be returned.
Study abroad and tax deduction
If you are a citizen Russian Federation, then all the rights provided for by the Constitution and tax laws apply to you without restriction, including the right to a tax deduction. A person who has spent money on education at an educational institution (educational organization) can receive a social tax deduction. In this case, the deduction is provided regardless of where the institution is located (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 18, 2010 No. 03-04-05 / 7-109, paragraph 3 of the letter of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia dated January 30, 2004 No. ChD-6-27 /100). The only condition: an educational institution (educational organization) must have a license or other document that confirms the status of an educational institution. For example, to clarify the status of an educational institution located abroad, you can get a certificate from its administration and translate it into Russian.
Grants and scholarships: where to apply
You can apply for a study grant at the representative office of the country in which you wish to study. As a rule, grants and scholarships are referred to the department of culture/education, which can provide all the necessary information.
You can also contact specialized agencies, such as the British Council. Such organizations represent the interests of various foundations. All the necessary information about scholarships and grants is on their websites, where you can apply online or ask about programs, terms, education system, etc.
Another way to get a study grant is to send information about yourself to the colleges or universities you are interested in. They probably have something worthwhile to offer, if, of course, you can beat the competition by making sure you're the right person for the grant.
Comment on the article "Paid education at the university: how to save and save"
Good afternoon! The topic is relevant. In fact, there are options for creating a financial reserve, including for the education of children. The fact is that the most stable thing in our life is change. It's great that there is an opportunity to get information, well, the conclusion and everyone makes their own decision.
09.07.2017 16:46:50, Elizabeth RakovaAdvice for which country?
Probably didn’t come across the denomination personally ...
our mothers were already saving, saving ... and then the money depreciated by our 18th birthday ...
Just great advice: as soon as the baby is born, put 400 thousand at 13%% per annum (where?) Or buy an apartment so that you can later teach the child with the money from renting it out.
03.07.2017 21:28:41,Total 3 messages
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Good afternoon! The organization itself is not obliged to pay for higher education. But you are entitled to receive guarantees under Art. 173 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation:
Article 173
Employees who are sent for training by the employer or who independently enroll in state-accredited bachelor's programs, specialist's programs or master's programs in part-time and part-time forms of study and who successfully master these programs, the employer provides additional holidays while maintaining average earnings for:
Walkthroughs intermediate certification in the first and second years, respectively - 40 calendar days, in each of the subsequent courses, respectively - 50 calendar days (when mastering educational programs of higher education in a shortened time in the second year - 50 calendar days);
Passage of the state final certification- up to four months in accordance with the curriculum mastered by the employee educational program higher education;
The employer is obliged to grant unpaid leave:
employees admitted to entrance examinations, - 15 calendar days;
employees - students of preparatory departments educational organizations higher education for final certification - 15 calendar days;
employees studying under state-accredited bachelor's programs, specialist's programs or full-time master's programs that combine education with work, for passing intermediate certification - 15 calendar days academic year, for the preparation and defense of the final qualifying work and the delivery of final state exams- four months, for passing the final state exams - one month.
Employees who successfully master state-accredited bachelor's, specialist's or master's degree programs by correspondence study, once a school year, the employer pays for travel to and from the location of the relevant educational organization.
Employees who study state-accredited bachelor's programs, specialist's programs or master's programs in part-time and part-time forms of study for a period of up to 10 academic months before the start of passing the state final certification are established at their request work week shortened by 7 hours. During the period of release from work, the specified employees are paid 50 percent of the average earnings at their main place of work, but not less than the minimum wage.
By agreement of the parties to the employment contract, the reduction of working time is carried out by providing the employee with one day off from work per week or by reducing the length of the working day during the week.
Guarantees and compensations for employees who combine work with studies in bachelor's programs that do not have state accreditation, specialist's programs or master's programs are established by a collective agreement or an employment contract.
The only thing is if the employer is the initiator of your higher education and this complies with the terms of your employment or collective agreement, then the situation is different. Then these relations are regulated according to the student agreement, and the cost of training is covered by the employer. If it is your desire to receive higher education and this is not provided for by the labor or collective agreement, then only the guarantees that are indicated above.
The phrase "free education" has long been turned into a humorous expression. In the new socio-economic conditions in which our country has been living since 1991, the right to study exists, but no one guarantees that such services will be provided completely free of charge.
Consider the question of the right to such education at the university.
So, is there any hope for today's high school graduates?
Of course, there is such hope. Many of the graduates of this year and next years will study at state-funded places and receive long-awaited scholarships. Many, but not all.
After all, completely free education in the Russian Federation is provided only in schools, and even then there are paid additional educational services. In colleges and universities, it is also possible to study for free, but not everyone who wants to find themselves in such places.
If you have a benefit (you are a disabled person, an orphan, the son or daughter of a Hero of Russia), then it is easier for you to get a university place on a budget, but if you are not among the beneficiaries, everything becomes much more difficult, and you enter on a general basis.
And it is very, very difficult to enter a university for a budget place on a general basis.
But more about everything.
All about budget places in universities
Every year the Ministry of Education determines the number of budget places in our country. As you know, such places assume that an applicant who enters a university will receive his education completely free of charge (that is, without investing his personal funds in it), and the state itself will pay him a small financial incentive (in other words, a scholarship) .
However, if the applicant does not score enough points to enter a state-funded place, he can study at a paid department, paying a certain fee for his studies at the university every semester (naturally, he will not receive any scholarship).
Here, it would seem, budgetary places in universities - this is a real free education. However, everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance.
After all, then our education system would be just perfect, but this is far from being the case.
Number of budget places
The number of budget places is calculated according to the number of school graduates. It is equal to about half of all the country's eleventh graders who leave the walls of high school.
At the same time, not every second school graduate eventually enters a state-funded place in a university, because in addition to yesterday's schoolchildren, there are also college graduates, as well as graduates of past years. As a result, the competition for state-funded places throughout the country averages 4-5 people per place. For some specialties, the competition is less, for others it is many times more and reaches 20-30 people per one budget place.
It all depends on the prestige of a particular specialty.
Therefore, with such “arithmetic”, it becomes much more difficult to get a free education at a university.
The number of budget places in full-time and part-time departments
It should be noted that the number of budget places in full-time and part-time departments, as a rule, differs. On the full-time departments Universities allocate more places to extramural- smaller.
It also happens that it is generally impossible to get a correspondence education for free. There are specialties in universities, but they are completely transferred to a paid basis.
The only thing that can be advised to the applicant is to collect as much as possible useful information. Already in the spring, the exact number of budget places is always known. All universities have their own websites, where you can always find a page for applicants. The admission plan is always posted on this page.
Hence the advice - if you want to get a free education, make every effort to achieve your goal. Find out in advance the number of budget places for a particular educational profile and calculate your strength.
What majors can you enroll in for free?
There are a fairly large number of specialties in universities that are considered non-prestigious, so the competition for them is small.
Trends, of course, change over time, but in general, such professions always exist.
For example, in every fifth or sixth major university there are teaching specialties, which involve training with the qualification of a "teacher of the Russian language." And there is another department, after graduating from which you can get a diploma not of a teacher, but of a philologist or journalist. Of course, the last two professions are considered more prestigious, so there is more competition for the budget for them.
The same can be said about other professions: livestock specialist, sociocultural specialist, librarian, and so on. Here it will not be difficult for a school graduate with an average USE score to enter a state-funded place.
But, for example, it will be much more difficult to become a lawyer or an economist for free. And as a specialist in international law - and even more so ...
What is a target location?
However, there is another option for free. It is connected with admission to the so-called "target" place.
About what in question? The fact that an agreement is concluded between the employer of a potential applicant and the university, according to which the employer pays for the education of a young student, and then he has the right to demand that the specialist work for him for a certain number of years. Often such an employer is the state itself, represented by ministries and departments that need specialists of a certain kind of training.
For example, doctors are needed for the subject of the federation (there is an acute shortage of them now). A quota of 30-70 target places is allocated for this subject. and studies on an equal footing with other students, however, after receiving a diploma, he is obliged to work for several years in state medical institutions of the subject, thanks to which he received his target position.
Otherwise, the student is obliged to reimburse the state for his education in full.
Is it possible to get professional retraining for free?
Some young people who already have higher education eventually realize that the profession does not suit them.
But they have already received higher education for free once in their lives. They have a need to undergo professional retraining with a new type of professional activity.
Is it possible? Yes, it is possible, however, if state-funded places in universities are still preserved, then additional professional education It is offered exclusively as a paid type of educational service. Therefore, such a person, in fact, has two ways to solve his problem.
The first solution is to pay for your own education.
Second solution: try to get the employer to pay.
In fact, there are cases when employers are interested in raising the level of professional excellence their employees and even give them the opportunity to get the right to engage in a new type of professional activity.
This can be used to get a diploma of vocational retraining for free.
Is it possible to get a second higher education without paying?
Unfortunately, according to the law on education in our country, it is impossible to get a second free education at a university. The state guarantees only one education. Let's make a reservation right away that we are not talking about continuing education, for example, in a magistracy or graduate school.
But, alas, it will not work to study for free twice at a bachelor's degree or stay twice in a master's program. This applies even to those cases where the receipt of the first higher education was also paid.
Is it possible to switch from a paid branch to a free one?
Many students who enter the paid departments of universities, sparing their material resources, and sometimes simply not having enough of them, tend to transfer from a paid department to a free one.
Thus, they want to get higher education for free, only starting not from the 1st year, but a little higher.
Is it possible?
In general, this is possible, but there are certain nuances that you need to know.
Firstly, a paying student can get a budget place only if there are vacant budget places at the university. Simply put, if one of the state students was expelled. Further, it is necessary that its translation be agreed with the curator of the group, the dean of the faculty. Many universities prescribe the rules for transferring from a paid department to a budgetary one, indicating that such a student candidate for a budgetary place must be an excellent student or a good student, must show his best side, his teachers must speak positively about him, etc.
If secondary education was received free of charge, is it possible to enter a university on a budget?
Yes, this procedure is possible. Secondary special and secondary vocational education will not prevent a young person from continuing his studies in a higher educational institution. Moreover, college graduates today have an opportunity that school graduates are deprived of: they can enter universities without the exam, passing only entrance exams.
Moreover, practice shows that such applicants receive higher scores on entrance exams than high school graduates, so they are more likely to get a state-funded place.
What can help an applicant get a budget place?
Well, firstly, good knowledge in the field of those sciences that he will have to study. A high USE for a modern school graduate is a “real ticket” not only to a budget place, but also to a prestigious university.
Secondly, the applicant needs to show real ingenuity, carefully study all the specialties that are offered in universities, find out what competition is in these specialties, etc.
Thirdly, the applicant must know his rights well. Now it is not uncommon for members admissions committees at the suggestion of the heads of universities, they refuse to accept documents for budgetary education for far-fetched reasons. This is done in order to prevent “people from the street” from participating in budget education. Therefore, the applicant himself and his parents must firmly know all their rights and be able to defend them.
Are there other ways to get a budget place?
Basically, all the ways to the budget place were listed above by us. There are, however, several other ways. For example, there are free competitions of the Ministry of Education. The prize for winning them often becomes the right to a budget place in a particular university. Also, in rare cases, a university may accept a promising student not for a state-funded place, but for a place that he himself will finance from his own internal funds.
Thus, in general, everything depends on the will of the heads of universities themselves and the responsible secretary of the selection committee.
What conclusions can be drawn?
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that it is possible to get an education for free in modern conditions. However, this requires a lot of effort. You also need to have high academic performance, be able to navigate the modern labor market, correctly choose the right specialty and the right university.
In fact, today, despite significant progress, a person who dreams of knowledge and degree, it is also difficult to prove one's worth, as in the days of M.V. Lomonosov. What the Russian genius just did not survive in order to get the proper degree of education: and deprivation, and hunger, and cold. Meanwhile, he also studied at public expense, that is, speaking modern language, occupied a budget place.
His example proves that those who want to learn can get higher education for free. Therefore, everything is in our hands: our successes and our defeats. You just need to boldly go forward and not be afraid of anything.
A social tax deduction is provided for the amounts spent by the taxpayer on his education or the education of his next of kin.
1. Understand what the education tax deduction is
Citizens who pay for educational services at their own expense - for themselves or their relatives - can compensate for part of their expenses. The tax authorities will return the tax paid from the amount of not more than 50 thousand rubles. Thus, the amount of money that you will receive in your hands will be no more than 6,500 rubles a year.
The number of tax deductions for education is not limited in any way. If you pay for your education several times, then the tax deduction is provided more than once.
The deduction can be received only for the period in which the tuition was paid. That is, if you studied in 2008, then when you file your 2008 personal income tax return in 2009, you are entitled to receive such a deduction.
The rest of the tax deduction is not carried forward. It can only be used in the year in which these expenses were incurred.
2. Calculate how much deduction you can expect
In order to calculate the compensation due to you, you need to multiply the amount spent on training by 13%. True, in any case, the tax authorities will return you no more than 6 thousand 500 rubles a year. Please note that this amount cannot exceed the amount of tax you paid. For more information on the formula for calculating the deduction, see.
Example. Paid for their education 120 thousand rubles. Annual income - 200 thousand rubles. But the social deduction is allowed only from the amount of 50 thousand rubles. Taxes paid from 50 thousand rubles - 6,500 rubles (50,000 * 13%). Total: the amount of the tax deduction due is 6500 rubles.
When teaching children, the maximum amount is indicated for both parents, that is, only one of the parents can receive a deduction.
At the same time, you can receive several types of social deductions at once, indicating this in one declaration. For example, deductions for education, medical treatment and the purchase of medicines. In this case, the maximum amount of the social tax deduction will be 100,000 rubles. That is, 13,000 rubles (13% of 100,000 rubles) will be returned to you, provided that during the specified period you transferred to the budget in the form of taxes no less than the amount.
3. Specify in what cases a tax deduction is due
A social deduction for education is provided to a taxpayer who pays:
- their own training of any form (daytime, evening, correspondence);
- education of each of their children (starting with kindergarten and up to 24 years of age).
- teaching your spouse
- education of wards under 18 years of age;
- in domestic educational institutions;
- in foreign educational institutions;
- institutions of any profile (college, institute, academy, college university);
4. Be aware of cases wherededuction is not required
In the following cases, you cannot use the tax deduction
- the deduction is applied only to income from which personal income tax is withheld in the amount of 13%. Therefore, persons who do not pay income tax to the budget of the Russian Federation cannot use this benefit;
- if the student you are paying for is not a full-time (full-time) student;
- if the educational institution does not have a license to provide educational services or a type of learning activities not licensed;
5. Collect the necessary package of documents for the tax
To apply for a tax deduction for training, you need to collect the following documents:
● tax return of the taxpayer;
● A copy of the contract with the educational institution. The contract must be concluded by the person who is going to receive a tax deduction. The contract must contain information about the license of the educational institution - its number, date of issue, etc. The tax authorities will check in the relevant structures information about the validity of the license.
● Information about training daily form- for children of a taxpayer claiming a tax deduction. The certificate is provided only if the form of study is not specified in the training contract.
● Copies of payment documents on the fact of payment for educational services (checks, receipts for credit orders). Payment documents must have been issued for a person planning to receive a social tax deduction.
If the taxpayer did not pay for his own education, then he additionally provides documents confirming his relationship with the student. These may include:
● Birth certificate of the child, if the taxpayer pays for the education of their children;
● Marriage certificate, if the tuition is paid for by the spouse of the taxpayer;
● Documents confirming the fact of guardianship or guardianship - if the taxpayer pays for the education of his wards.
6. Apply for an educational deduction
A social tax deduction for tuition can be received by taxpayers who paid for their tuition during the past year.
To receive a deduction, you need to submit a number of documents to the tax office at the place of residence (see their list in paragraph 5).
The amount of tax to be returned according to the declaration is refunded on the basis of the taxpayer's application within one month from the date of writing the application. The money is transferred to the bank account of the taxpayer.
