Ural research stone belt project. Presentation on the topic "Ural - the stone belt of the Russian Land". Ural - geological structure

slide 3

Ural

Ural! The supporting edge of the state,
Her earner and blacksmith,
The same age as our ancient glory
And the glory of the current creator
(A.T. Tvardovsky)

The Urals has long been considered a natural border separating two parts of the world - Europe and Asia.

slide 4

Ural - geological structure

The Ural Mountains are located between different tectonic structures which explains their formation.

slide 5

Geographical position

• The length of the Ural Mountains from south to north is 2 thousand kilometers, and from west to east from 50 to 150 kilometers.
• The Ural Mountains stretch from the coast of the Arctic Kara Sea to the steppes of Kazakhstan. In the east - the West Siberian Plain, in the west - the Russian Plain
• In ancient times, the mountains of the Urals were called Riphean, and until the 18th century they were called “stone belt” (translated from Turkic, “Ural” means belt).
• The Ural Mountains are relatively low: only a few peaks reach a height of 1.5 thousand meters above sea level, and the highest of them (Mount Narodnaya) is 1895 meters.

1. Direction and extent
2. Ural borders
3. Mountain height
4. How does it affect the nature of the Urals, its length from north to south for 2000 km?

slide 6

Geological structure

• The Urals are separated from the Russian platform by the Cis-Ural trough, which consists of sedimentary rocks (clay, sand, gypsum, limestone).
• The Ural Mountains were formed in PZ, but in MZ they were almost completely destroyed.
• Separate parts of the Urals rose during the KZ (Neogene). But these folded-block Ural Mountains were destroyed as a result of the impact external forces(weathering and erosion).

Find Mineral Deposits:

• Iron ore: Magnitogorsk, Kachkanarskoe, Khalilovskoe
• Copper ores: Krasnouralskoye, Gayskoye, Sibaevskoye
• Gold: Berezovskoe
• Asbestos: Bazhenovskoye
• Oil: Ishimbay
• Coal: Pechorsky, Kizelovsky

Slide 7

Ural

Slide 8

Slide 9

Natural resources of the Urals

The Ural Mountains are rich in mineral resources. This is a real treasure trove of minerals.

• Asbestos
• Diamonds

Slide 10

slide 11

Natural resources of the Urals

• Amethyst
• Emerald

slide 12

• Amethyst. “Warm edge” is a special way of processing a gem, when each edge coming from the center of the stone plays with rays.
• Rhodonite - translated from Greek means "rose"

slide 13

• Garnet
• Topaz
• Alexandrite

Slide 14

• Coil
• cat eye
• Tiger's Eye
• Aquamarine
• Lapis lazuli
• Olivine

slide 15

Climate

1. The climate of the Urals is varied. Why?
2. Determine the average temperatures of January and July in the Northern (Polar) and Southern Urals.
3. Why does the western slopes of mountains receive more precipitation than the eastern slopes?
4. How do climatic conditions change with height?
5. In what climate zone and region are the Ural Mountains located?

slide 16

Ural climate

• Despite their rather small height, the Ural Mountains have a rather significant effect on climatic conditions.
• They are the boundary between different climatic zones: the temperate continental climate of the East European Plain and the continental climate of Western Siberia.
• Atlantic air masses reach the western slope of the Urals, trying to overcome it, rise higher and cool. As a result, more precipitation falls in the western part of the Urals than in the eastern part (approximately 1.5-2 times). The temperature regime also has its own characteristics. In the western part of the Urals, winters are more snowy and, accordingly, milder. In the east, snow falls less, and frosts reach 45-50 ºС.

Slide 17

Ural waters

The Ural Mountains are the watershed of the rivers flowing along the West Siberian Plain and along the Russian Plain. In the Urals, rivers originate, so they are shallow.

Ural - stone belt Russian land .

He is the Asian mainland

Came on a stone threshold

He knows the mammoth skeleton

In frozen soils. Downpours, winds

It has been sharpened for millions of years

So that the edges sparkle in a line.

Iron, nickel, chrome ores

I will touch with a word, I will find a rhyme for them.

No wonder the emerald stone in the mines

Green eye looks into the darkness.

The ridge will confuse the path of moose,

Ripe blueberries will start to regale,

Shines between the pines of the river Sosva,

The glacier will reach the bright cloud,

He will look into the lakes, he will enter the verse like this.

He smelled of forests and flowers

And bitter factory smoke.

S. Schipachev

Ural is a mountainous country,

stretching from victory

cut of the Kara Sea to

steppes of Kazakhstan from the north

more than 2000 km to the south, with

west to east - from 50

Continuation of the Ural Mountains

in the north are the islands

Novaya Zemlya and Vaigach, and on

south of the Mugodzhar mountains.

Ural is natural

border between Europe

called Riphean.

"Stone belt of the Russian land",

"Stone", "Earth belt" - so on-

called the Urals until the 18th century.

The name "Ural" appears from

from the 18th century In the works of the Russian historian

rik and geographer Vasily Nikiti-

cha Tatishcheva ("ur" in Mansi,

and "ure" in Even means

The Ural Mountains rise

ridges near the eyes

low-rise ridges and ridges

zhey dressed in taiga.

The highest point of the Urals

some mountains - Mount Narodnaya

Mountains consist of several

drink that run parallel

but to each other in the meridian

direction. The ridges are divided

longitudinal intermontane ponies

the paths through which the rivers flow.

Transverse valleys dismember

these chains into separate ridges and

History of development Ural.

• People settled in the Urals and moved gradually along the mountain steppes to the edge of the glacier.

• The ancient population of the Urals - the ancestors of the Udmurts, Komi, Khanty and others in the era of primitiveness created a rich and unique culture.

• The first people spoke the language of the modern peoples of the Khanty and Mansi. The Abashev tribes lived in the steppes of the Southern Urals, as well as on the territory of the Chelyabinsk region.

bashkir village

• The main population of the Southern Urals in IX – XI centuries were the Bashkirs.

• From the second half XVI century Bashkiria became a vassal of the Muscovite state.

• The first Bashkir villages began to appear.

Cossacks

• AT XVI in. on the river In the Urals, free people appear who create a "Cossack republic" here.

• AT XVII in. Orenburg Cossacks formed in the Southern Urals.

Building fortresses

• In 1730-1750. near the area of ​​present-day Miass, the first Russian settlements arose: Chebarkulskaya, Kundravinskaya, Uiskaya.

• The task of the government was to build fortresses in the Southern Trans-Urals, which led to an influx of peasants and service people.

The ancient inhabitants of the Urals

there were Bashkirs, Udmurts, Komi,

Khanty, Mansi, local Tatars.

The first settlements of the Russians

curled in the Urals in the upper reaches of the Ka-

we, their inhabitants, were engaged in hunting

that and fishing. In the XI century. on-

garden people Kalinnikovs-

we created the first salt-

varni in the village of Sol-Kama

(modern Solikamsk).

18th century - century of development of the mining plant -

Russian industry of the Urals.

The study of natural resources

Ural, deals with their description

at this time, V.N. Tatishchev. He justified

new the need for construction

you large industrial

ntra Ural and chose for him a me-

hundred. So Catherine was founded

Geological research

of the Urals is actively

were born in the 19th century in I.V. Mushka-

tov, A.E. Fersman and others.

Mining industry

the Urals studied and

could improve

scientist D.I. Mendeleev.

About the fabulous wealth of the Urals

spoke brightly and colorfully

their tales about the mistress of Mednaya

mountains P.P. Bazhov.

"Ural! The supporting edge of the state,

Her earner and blacksmith,

The same age as our ancient

And the glory of the current creator "

(A. Tvardovsky)

Natural resources Ural.

The Ural strikes with the wealth of its

bowels Ural is called a pantry

countries. About 1000 found here

various minerals and taken into account

over 10 thousand p/i deposits.

In terms of reserves of platinum, asbestos,

precious stones, potassium salts

The Urals owns one of the

places in the world.

Map work.

1. Between what tectonic structures

is the Ural

2. What structure separates the Urals from the Russian Plateau?

3. What minerals are complex in the region

howling deflection of the Urals?

Ancient mountains of the Urals,

formed in the Paleozoic

during the Mesozoic and Paleo-

gene were almost full

tew are destroyed. In the Neogene

Quaternary time current

tonic movements under-

taken to different heights

separate blocks of the Urals.

Thus, folded

blocky Ural mountains

Ural fold system

Russian platform

West Siberian plate

Stages of the origin of the Ural Mountains.

Stage 1.

Archean and Proterozoic era .

Stage 2. Palaeozoic. (Hercynian folding)

Stage 3. Mesozoic era.

4 stage . Cenozoic era.

After that, the mountains were again subjected to

destruction as a result of

ness of external forces - weathering,

activity of rivers and ice. As a result-

those at the surface turned out to be internal

part of the folds, where intense

mineral formation processes were going on,

various ores arose.

As a result of weathering

education is taking place

kurums, trogs, circuses,

caves, caravans

Cis-Urals

Zauralye

central band

Relief and geological structure

Salekhard

Saber (1497)

Solikamsk

Chelyabinsk

hercynian

folding

ore

useful

fossils

Mid-altitude

and low

the mountains

sedimentary

useful

fossils

hills

Cis-Urals

edge of Russian

platforms

edge

West Siberian

slabs, break

ore useful

fossils

Zauralye

The main wealth of the Urals is ores,

moreover, complex ores, for example

measures, iron ores with admixture

titanium, vanadium, nickel, chromium.

Copper ores with an admixture of zinc,

gold, silver.

Most ore deposits

is located on the eastern slope

not where igneous predominates

Magnitogorsk

Vysokogorskoe

Krasnouralskoe

Large ore deposits

Kachkanarskoye

Khalilovskoe

Bakalskoe

The Urals are rich in deposits of color

ny metals.

Copper ore is mined at Krasno-

Ural, Gaisk and other deposits

deniya. In the north of the Urals were found

dens are large deposits of bok-

bauxite and manganese.

A lot of nickel is mined in the Urals

and chrome. The oldest place is gold

production in Russia – Berezovskoe

deposit near Yekaterinbur-

From non-metallic minerals follow-

em note the huge deposits

asbestos ("mountain flax") - price-

the most refractory material

la. Bazhenovskoye field

asbestos is one of the largest

The Urals have long been famous for all kinds of

ny precious and ornamental

with stones. Known Ural

gems: amethyst, smoky

topaz, green emerald,

sapphires, clear mountain

crystal, alexandrite, etc.

All these gems are mined

are mined mainly for

exact slope.

On the western slope of the Vish-

ry found high-

nye diamonds.

Ornamental stones of the Urals.

jasper

coil

malachite

In the Cis-Urals, Permian salt deposits

nye thicknesses of the marginal deflection

hold large reserves of potash

salt, rock salt, gypsum

(Verkhnekamskoe, Sol-Iletskoe,

Usolskoye deposit).

There are many construction projects in the Urals

materials - limestone, granite,

cement raw materials. Is in the Urals

also oil (Ishimbay and others) and

coal.

In addition to minerals

resources Ural is rich in forest

resources. Especially a lot

forests in the Northern Urals.

false Ural?

2. Determine what differences exist

yut in climatic conditions:

a) Northern and Southern Urals

b) Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals.

1. What water basins do the Ural rivers belong to?

2. What parts of the Urals are well provided with water resources?

river Chusovaya

Insufficient supply of water

resources of the Middle Urals.

The main rivers of the Urals: Chusovaya,

White, Ural, Kama.

R. Serebryanka

Waterfall on the river Zhigolan

The harsh beauty of the Polar and Se-

faithful Urals, exotic islands

dances, karst caves

him and the South Urals attracted

There are many tourists in these areas.

But recreational resources

insufficiently developed.

Nomenclature:

• Relief: Southern Urals, Middle Urals, Northern Urals,

polar Urals, Polar Urals, Pai-Khoi Ridge, Narodnaya town, Konstantin-

nov Kamen, city of Telpoziz, city of Denezhkin Kamen, city of Konzhakovsky

Stone, Kachkanar, Yamantau, Magnitnaya, Payer.

• Minerals .
• Rivers : Pike, Northern Sosva, Kosva, Tagil, Chusovaya, Ufa,

Yuryuzan, Ural, Belaya, Samara.

K.k. pp. 12-13, atlas p.42-43

photo gallery Ural mountains

Topic: "The Urals - the stone belt of the Russian land."

MBOU PSOSH №46 named after V.P. Astafiev

Teacher A.A. Silence

Lesson Objectives:

1. To form knowledge about the features of the geographical location, the history of development, to show the originality of the natural area;

2. Give an assessment of the natural resources of the Urals.

The Ural Mountains were called - "Riphean" (in ancient times);

Until the 18th century - "The Stone Belt of the Russian Land";

"A rock";

- "Earth belt";

The name "Ural" - from the 18th century appears in the works of Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, a Russian geographer and historian, and displaces all the previous ones.

(textbook by I.I. Barinov-Geography-nature of Russia")

1. We disassemble fig. 99 - p. 182 and table 7

• Ural - "the stone belt of the Russian land", the border between two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.
• The length from north to south is 2500 km, from west to east from 50 to 150 km.

history of the development of the Urals. Arrange in the form of a table

ancient inhabitants

First settlements

Occupation of the inhabitants

What is created?

Statesmen, scientists and...

According to the features of nature and relief, the Urals are divided into Polar,

Subpolar, Northern, Middle, Southern.

• _-Ural is located between two tectonic structures:
• in the west - the Russian platform,
• in the east - the West Siberian plate.
• The Urals are separated from the Russian platform by the Cis-Urals
• deflection.
• Ural - mountains of Herzen folding.

Mountains consist of several chains that stretch parallel to each other in the meridional direction.

“The Ural Range is an unusual phenomenon in its geographical position. This is a separate wall, long and narrow, growing in the middle of the vast plains directly adjacent to its sole, ”wrote one of the most famous Russian geologists in the middle of the last century.

Write in notebooks: Ural-system of medium and low ridges. G. Narodnaya-1895 m.

D/ task

On the contour map:

1. Apply relief elements, rivers

2.Mark Natural resources Ural

In the relief of the Urals, two bands of foothills (western and eastern) and a system of mountain ranges located between them, elongated parallel to each other in a submeridional direction, are clearly distinguished.

The ridges are separated from each other by extensive depressions along which rivers flow. As a rule, ridges correspond to anticlinal folds composed of older and more durable rocks, while depressions correspond to synclinal ones.

The Ural Mountains are not high. Only some of their peaks exceed 1500 m. The highest point of the Urals is the mountain Folk(1895 m). Along the strike of the mountains, there is an alternation of elevated and lower areas, due to undulating deformations. Neogene-Quaternary about the period. This allows us to distinguish within the Urals several orographic areas, replacing each other when moving from north to south.

• Pai-Khoi stretches from the Yugorsky Shar Strait to the valley of the Kara River in a southeasterly direction. It is a separate isolated ridges and hills with heights up to 400-450 m (mountain Moreiz - 467 m), rising among the low plains.
• The Polar Ural starts from Mount Konstantinov Kamen and ends at the headwaters of the Khulga River. The ridges here have a southwestern strike, average heights are 600-800 m, but some peaks rise above 1000 m. The highest point is Mount Payer (1492 m)

The Subpolar Urals is located between the upper reaches of the Khulga River and the latitudinal segment of the Shchugor River. This is the highest part of the Urals, a mountain junction within which the mountain system changes its direction from southwestern to submeridional. It is represented by large fragmented arrays. Several peaks have heights of more than 1600 m: Mount Karpinsky (1662 m), Neroika (1646 m), Belfry (1649 m). Here is the highest point of the Urals - Mount Narodnaya.

• The Northern Ural begins with Mount Telpoziz and ends with Konzhakovsky Stone (1569 m). The height of the ridges here is less than in the Subpolar Urals and averages up to 1000 m, but increases in the northern and southern parts.

• Middle Ural stretches up the mountain Yurma. This is the lowest part of the mountains. The average heights here are 500-600 m. Only Mount Oslyanka in its northern part reaches 1119 m, all other peaks are below 1000 m. The mountains here form an arc, slightly curved to the east.
• Southern Urals starts from Mount Yurma and stretches to the southern borders of Russia. This is the widest and second highest part of the mountains. The ridges in the northern part are the highest (up to 1200-1600 m) and have a southwestern strike, which is replaced by meridional to the south. To the south, the mountains decline. The highest points are the mountains Yamantau (1638 m) and Iremel (1582 m).

• The dominant type of morphostructures of the Urals are resurrected fold-block mountains on the pre-Paleozoic and Paleozoic basis. There are morphostructures transitional from folded to platform areas: plateaus(South Ural peneplain), socle ridge hills(Pai-Khoi) and basement plains(Trans-Ural peneplain). Platform structures are represented by reservoir plains Cis-Ural marginal foredeep and plateau (Trans-Ural plateau).

Morphostructures created under the combined influence of endogenous and exogenous processes are complicated by smaller relief forms created by exogenous relief-forming processes. The imposition of various morphosculptures on morphostructures creates all the diversity of the relief of the Urals.

• As in most mountainous regions in the Urals, erosion relief. The main erosional forms here are river valleys. The Urals are characterized by the displacement of the main watershed ridge to the east of the axial part of the mountains, which is one of the manifestations of the asymmetry of the mountain structure. The most complex hydrographic pattern and the greater density of the river network are characteristic of the western slope of the mountains.

The climate of the Urals is typical mountainous; rainfall is unevenly distributed.

The West Siberian Plain is a territory with a harsh continental climate; in the meridional direction, its continentality increases much less sharply than on the Russian Plain. The climate of the mountainous regions of Western Siberia is less continental than the climate of the West Siberian Plain. Interestingly, within the same zone on the plains of the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals natural conditions noticeably different. This is explained by the fact that the Ural Mountains serve as a kind of climatic barrier. To the west of them, more precipitation falls, the climate is more humid and mild; to the east, that is, beyond the Urals, there is less precipitation, the climate is drier, with pronounced continental features.

• The diversity of the soil and vegetation cover and fauna of the Urals is predetermined by the large meridional extent of the country and the relatively low heights of the mountains. The main pattern in the distribution of soils and biocomponents is latitudinal zonality. In the mountains it is complicated altitudinal zonality, and the zonal boundaries are shifted to the south. As a result of the barrier influence of mountains in the Cis-Urals, the border natural areas pass to the south than in the Trans-Urals, and certain differences are observed in their structure.

Soils foothills are similar to the zonal soils of the adjacent plains. In the north they are tundra-gley loamy soils and tundra podburs on stony-rubbly eluvium and deluvium of bedrocks. These soils are suitable for the foothills of the mountains on the western slope up to 65 ° N, and on the eastern - only up to the polar circle. To the south, taiga soils are distributed in a wide strip - gley-podzolic, podzolic and sod-podzolic in combination with swamps. In the Cis-Urals south of Perm, they are replaced by gray forest with spots gradually increasing to the south podzolized, leached chernozems and typical. In the Trans-Urals at these latitudes, leached chernozems predominate with areas meadow-chernozem and small patches of gray forest soils. In the basin of the Sakmara River in the Cis-Urals, and in the Trans-Urals south of the Uy River, i.e. 180 - 200 km to the north, dominance in the soil cover passes to southern chernozems, changing in the southeast from chernozems to southern solonetzic and dark chestnut solonetzic soils .

• Mountain soils of all types found in the Urals have some common features. They have a shortened profile and are saturated with clastic material. The most common and diverse here are mountain forest soils: podzolic, brown-taiga, acid non-podzolized, gray forest and sod-carbonate. In the Southern Urals there are mountain chernozems. In the north and in the upper parts of the mountains are common mountain tundra soils and mountain podburs. The soil cover of the mountains is interrupted by rocky outcrops, and in some places by rocky placers.

• The Ural is quite monotonous. About 1600 species of plants take part in its formation. Of these, only 5% are endemic (kachim Ural, Helm's astragalus, needle-leaved carnation, Krasheninnikov's woodweed, Litvinov's rank, etc.). The poverty of the Urals in endemic species is explained by its middle position on the mainland, the availability for settlement and mixing of various floras that overcame the mountains without forming isolated areas. So, many Siberian coniferous tree species crossed the Urals, and the western border of their range now runs along the Russian Plain.
• Tundras are common in the far north from foothill plains to mountain peaks. Plain tundra on the slopes are replaced by mountain ones. Near the Arctic Circle, the tundra turns into an altitudinal belt that occupies the slopes and peaks of the mountains, and sparse forests approach their foothills, which already in the southern part of the Polar Urals are replaced by closed ones and rise along the slopes of the mountains up to 200-300 m.
• Forests are the most common type of vegetation. They stretch in a continuous strip along the mountain slopes of the Urals from the polar steep to the sublatitudinal segment of the Sakmara River (south of 52 ° N), and along the foothills to the Ufimsky plateau and the Yekaterinburg region. The forests of the Urals are diverse in composition: coniferous, broad-leaved, small-leaved. Coniferous forests of Siberian spruce and Scotch pine predominate. The composition of dark coniferous forests, most characteristic of the Cis-Urals and the western slopes of the mountains, includes Siberian fir and cedar. The most widespread fir-spruce forests. For the eastern slopes of the Urals are more typical pine forests. They account for about a third of all coniferous forests. Sukachev's larch is found in the northern regions, and along the eastern slopes of the mountains it reaches the southern regions of the Urals, but there are practically no pure larch forests in the Urals.
• In the southern part of the taiga of the Cis-Urals (south of 58 ° N), an admixture of broad-leaved species appears in the composition of coniferous forests: linden, Norway maple, elm, and elm. To the south, their role increases, but they often do not enter the tree layer, remaining in the undergrowth layer, and only occasionally form the second layer of the forest stand. real coniferous-broad-leaved and broadleaf forests distributed only on the western slopes of the mountains of the Southern Urals, and they do not occupy the bottoms of intermountain basins with their temperature inversions. Widely known linden forests of Bashkiria. Here are common oak forests. However, broad-leaved forests occupy no more than 4-5% of the forested area in the Urals. There are no such forests on the eastern slope. Of the broad-leaved species, one linden comes beyond the Urals.
• Much more widely represented in the Urals small-leaved birch and birch-aspen forests. They are distributed throughout the Urals, but there are especially many of them in the South and Middle. There are primary birch forests, but there are especially many secondary ones that have arisen on the site of cut down coniferous forests.
• The upper border of the forest in the Northern Urals passes at an altitude of 500-800 m, the peaks of the Middle Urals practically do not go beyond the forest belt (800-900 m), and in the Southern Urals the forest border rises to 1200 m. Above it is a narrow infracarp belt, the basis of vegetation of which is formed by low-growing sparse forests in combination with meadows. He is changing mountain tundra, and in the north - and cold bald deserts .

• The fauna of the Urals is not original. It is composed of tundra, forest and steppe animals common on neighboring plains. There are no real mountain animals within the Ural mountain country. True, the rockiness of the mountains and foothills has a certain influence on the living conditions of animals and their distribution. For example, the distribution of the northern pika (haystack) is associated with stony screes, including in the forest belt, and with chars and stony tundras - tundra partridge (up to the Southern Urals). Almost all peregrine falcon nesting sites in the Southern Urals are located on the cliffs of transverse sections of rivers, where they flow in deep rocky gorges, and much less often among the rocks of mountain peaks.
• Lemmings are numerous in the tundra of the Urals. Of the predators, the arctic fox, snowy owl, buzzard, peregrine falcon live here. Of the birds, snow bunting, Lapland plantain, red-throated pipit, and ptarmigan are common and most numerous. Mountain tundras are poorer in animals. Of the animals and birds, there are hoofed lemmings, Middendorf's vole, tundra and white partridges, golden plover, Lapland plantain.
• The forests are inhabited by elk, brown bear, wolverine, sable, marten, Siberian weasel, squirrel, chipmunk, white hare, and mole. Typical taiga birds are capercaillie, hazel grouse, black grouse, nutcracker, crossbills. Common here are redstart, whitethroat, cuckoo, titmouse, three-toed woodpecker, nuthatch. Often there are birds of prey: eagle owl, sparrow hawk, hawk owl. Forest animals are best preserved in the Northern Urals, where forests have suffered the least from human activities.
• Various rodents are numerous in the steppes - steppe marmot or marmot, reddish and small ground squirrel, steppe pika, hamster, Eversmann's hamster, etc. There are many birds of prey here - golden eagle, steppe eagle, steppe harrier, long-legged buzzard, kite, steppe kestrel. Of the small steppe birds, larks (up to a dozen species), chased wheatears are very characteristic. Of the predatory animals, the wolf, corsac fox, and steppe polecat are common.
• About half of the mammals in the Urals are commercial species. New valuable animals are also settled here - muskrat, muskrat, beaver, maral, etc.

• Of the natural resources of the Urals, the most important are its mineral resources. The Urals has long been the largest mining and metallurgical base of the country. And in the extraction of some mineral ores, the Urals ranks first in the world.
• Back in the 16th century, deposits of rock salt and sandstone containing copper were known on the western outskirts of the Urals. In the 17th century, quite numerous iron deposits became known and ironworks appeared.
• Placers of gold and deposits of platinum were found in the mountains, and precious stones were found on the eastern slope. From generation to generation, the skill of searching for ore, smelting metal, making weapons and art products from it, and processing gems was passed on.
• Numerous deposits of high-quality iron ores are known in the Urals (the mountains are Magnitnaya, High, Blagodat, Kachkanar), copper ores (Mednogorsk, Karabash, Sibay, Guy), rare non-ferrous metals, gold, silver, platinum, the best bauxites in the country, rock and potassium salts (Solikamsk, Berezniki, Berezovskoye, Vazhenskoye, Ilyetskoye). There is oil in the Urals (Ishimbay), natural gas (Orenburg), coal, asbestos, precious and semi-precious stones.
• The hydropower potential of the Ural rivers (Pavlovskaya, Yumaguzinskaya, Shirokovskaya, Iriklinskaya and several small hydroelectric power plants) remains a far from fully developed resource.

, Competition "Presentation for the lesson"

Class: 8

Presentation for the lesson

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Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Lesson Objectives:

• Educational- to acquaint students with the uniqueness of the PTK Ural and compare it with the Caucasus.
• Educational- to continue the development of the ability to determine the geographical position; to improve the generalized cartographic method of reading conventional signs.
• Educational- generate interest in the topic being studied; ecological thinking; cultivate respect for the environment.

Lesson type: a lesson in improving knowledge, skills and abilities, learning new material.

Type of lesson: lesson-journey using a computer.

Forms and methods of the lesson: individual work, pair work, heuristic conversation, messages

Means of education: atlases, slides, computer, interactive whiteboard.

Concepts: Ural, names of minerals and rocks.

Nomenclature: Deposits of iron ores - Magnitogorsk, Kachkanorsk, copper ores - Krasnouralsk, Gayskoye, gold - Berezovskoye, asbestos - Bazhenovskoye, salt - Verkhnekamskoye, Sol-Iletskoye, oil - Ishembaysky.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizational moment.
2. Verification homework.
3. Learning a new topic:
3.1 Geographic location
3.2. Relief, geological development
3.3. Climate
3.4. Inland waters
3.5. Natural resources
4. Consolidation and withdrawal.
5. Homework.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment

2. Checking homework on the topic “Caucasus”

3. Learning a new topic

There is already a link in your chain of knowledge about the Caucasus Mountains (Slide 2 - image of the chain). Let's continue exploring the mountains. “Only mountains can be better than mountains ...” - the epigraph of today's lesson. Topic: "The Urals - the stone belt of the Russian land." The purpose of the lesson: To get acquainted with the uniqueness of the PTK of the Urals and compare it with the Caucasus (Slide 3 - the topic of the lesson).
Let's recall the plan for characterizing the study of the PTK and fill in the information about the Caucasus in the table. Working with an interactive whiteboard (Slide 4)

Teacher: Guys, what do you know about the Urals? (Mountain country, length 2000 km, border between Europe and Asia)(Slide 5).

– And today we will continue to fill the link with new knowledge.

1. The name of the mountain

Teacher: Ancient authors called these mountains Rifian, “Stone”, “Earth Belt”, “Stone Belt of the Russian Land” - this is how the Urals were called until the 18th century. The name Ural first appears in the works of the Russian historian and geographer Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev and replaces all previous names. What does this word mean: “Ur” in Mansi, and “ure” in Evenki means “mountain”, in Turkic “belt” (students write in notebooks). The Ural, which has a length of 2000 km, is not only a mountain, but a whole mountainous country, a mountain belt.

2. We determine the geographical position of the Ural Mountains. To do this, recall the plan for determining the geographical location. (Students work with atlases and an interactive map)
- In what direction are the Ural Mountains stretched?
- How can the nature of the Urals be affected by its elongation for ... km.
- Determine on the map 5 peaks of the Urals and its height? (Slide 7)

3. Relief and geological development. The Urals is located between two tectonic structures: Russian ... and West Siberian ...
The Ural was formed in the ancient Paleozoic - in the Hercynian period, in the Mesozoic it was almost completely destroyed. In the Neogene - Quaternary time, individual blocks were raised. Then again weathering. The destruction of the mountains revealed rich mineral deposits, made them available for development.

(Teacher's story)(Slide 8)

4. The climate of the Urals is diverse. Why?

Map task:

1. Determine the average January temperature in the north of the Urals.
2. Average temperature in the south of the Urals.
3. Average July temperature in the north of the Urals.
4. The average temperature in the south of the Urals (slide 8)

Practical work of students on maps of the atlas(Slide 9)

• The mountains are stretched for 2000 km. in the meridional direction and the northern part of the Urals is located beyond the Arctic Circle and receives much less solar radiation than the southern
• Differences in moistening of the western and eastern slopes.
• In any mountains, climatic conditions change with height.

5. Inland waters

The Ural is a watershed of current rivers, along the West Siberian Plain and along the Russian Plain. Find on the map the rivers flowing from the Ural Mountains.

Students mark major rivers and lakes on a contour map.(Slide 10).

Messages-presentations about the Chusovaya River, lakes Turgoyak and Zyuratkul are heard.

6. Natural resources of the Urals

Soviet poet Alexander Tvardovsky wrote:

Ural! The supporting edge of the state,
Her earner and blacksmith,
The same age as our ancient glory
And glory to the current creator ...

4. Brainstorm: Why did this particular region receive such a high title: “The stronghold of the state, its miner and blacksmith?” (Students' opinions are heard)

The Urals is the underground pantry of the country, about one thousand varieties of minerals have been found here and over 12 thousand mineral deposits have been taken into account.
The main wealth of the Urals is ores, and complex ones, with an admixture of titanium, vanadium, nickel, chromium, and copper ores with an admixture of zinc, gold, silver.
The Northern Urals are rich in forest resources, the Southern Urals are rich in soil, agro-climatic, but there is not enough water resources. The Urals are rich in recreational resources. (Slide 13)
Tourists are attracted not only by beautiful places, picturesque lakes, but also by the only Ilmensky mineralogical reserve. (student presentation)

5. Conclusions. Return to the purpose of the lesson. Checking the table "Comparative characteristics of the Caucasus and the Urals." (Slide 14)

6. Reflection. The journey is over. Did you like it? What have you learned?

7. Homework (slide 15)