Presentation on the topic stress, stressful condition. Stress. What is stress? Presentation what is stress

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Stress!!!
Recently, the concept of "stress" has become common. stress from increased loads; stress from bad ecology; It looks like stress can come from just about anything. But most often they remember him when they talk about the shock he suffered; trouble; fright.

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The concept of stress.
The concept of "stress" was introduced by the Canadian scientist Hans Selye (1936), who defined stress as "a non-specific response of the body to any demand presented to it", that is, as the same reaction of the body to a wide variety of events. Stress can cause almost any new or unexpected event: both positive and negative.From the point of view of science, it is impossible to say unequivocally that stress is good or bad.Stress reaction is an adaptive mechanism of the body that helps it adapt to changes, meet them fully armed.

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Types of stress.
Stress can be divided into: emotionally positive and emotionally negative; short-term and long-term or, in other words, acute and chronic; physiological and psychological. The latter, in turn, are divided into informational and emotional

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Emotionally positive stress.
Later, Selye introduced additional concepts: Eustress Distress Eustress - "positive stress". The concept has two meanings - "stress caused by positive emotions" and "mild stress that mobilizes the body."

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Emotionally negative stress.
Distress - "negative stress". A negative type of stress that the human body is unable to cope with. It destroys the moral health of a person and can even lead to severe mental illness. Symptoms of distress: headache; prostration; unwillingness to do something; loss of faith in the improvement of the situation in the future; excited state, desire to take risks; partial memory loss due to shock; unwillingness to think over and analyze the situation that led to the stressful state; changeable mood; fatigue, lethargy.

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Short-term (acute) stress.
Acute stress is characterized by the speed and suddenness with which it occurs. The extreme degree of acute stress is shock. Shock, acute stress almost always turn into chronic, long-term stress. The shock situation has passed, you seem to have recovered from the shock, but the memories of the experience come back again and again.

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Long-term stress is not necessarily the result of acute stress, it often occurs due to seemingly insignificant factors, but constantly acting and numerous. If short-term stress does not always cause severe harm to the body, then chronic stress certainly does not lead to anything good!
Long-term (chronic) stress.

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Physiological stress.
Physiological stress occurs as a result of direct impact on the body of various negative factors (pain, hunger)

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Psychological stress.
Psychological stress is caused by factors that act by their signal value: danger, information overload. Emotional - takes place in situations that threaten human security (wars, serious illnesses), his social status, interpersonal relationships. Informational - occurs during information overload, when a person who bears great responsibility for the consequences of his actions does not have time to make the right decisions.

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The body's response to physiological and psychological stress.
Under their influence: the heart begins to beat faster and stronger, blood pressure rises, breathing quickens, the water-salt balance of the blood changes, the sugar content and the number of leukocytes increase in the blood, all biochemical reactions accelerate, and the energy potential increases. The body is ready for explosive action. If the stressful situation remains relevant, and also when we remember what we experienced, impulses again enter the cerebral cortex that support the activity of the dominant, and stress hormones continue to be released into the blood.

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Whatever the stress, good or bad, emotional or physical (or both), its effects on the body have common features. The immune system is especially affected by stress. In a stressful state, people are more likely to become victims of infection, since the production of immune cells drops markedly during a period of physical or mental stress.

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stages of stress.
Stage 1 - anxiety stage. In the course of it, the necessary forces are mobilized. The following changes are noted in the body: the pulse rate, blood pressure, blood flow velocity increase, body temperature rises, volume, stability, concentration of attention increase, excitation processes in the nervous system increase - the body is ready to give a worthy rebuff to the irritating factor

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Stage 2 - stage of resistance
At this stage, the body tries to overcome the difficulties that have arisen. At this point, it is more resistant to a variety of harmful effects than in its normal state. For example, during the war (and this is generally a continuous stress), the number of colds decreases sharply - the body resists a more serious threat.

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Stage 3 - stage of exhaustion.
If the action of the irritating factor continues, then after prolonged stress, the body's ability to resist decreases. During this period, susceptibility to diseases increases, the supply of vitality is depleted, self-confidence decreases.

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The first two stages a person goes through many times. When the body's resistance is successful, the body returns to its normal state. But, if the stress factor continues to act, decompensation, exhaustion occurs.

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school stress
Can school cause stress? Of course yes!!! Starting from the first day - a constant change in the situation, and heavy workloads, and anxiety in connection with grades, relationships with classmates, etc. Psychologists can only single out periods in which stress is especially high: this is the beginning of schooling, the transition to the fifth grade, the transition to a new class, the period of teenage crisis.

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Sources of teenage stress.
One important source of stress can be teenagers' school life. School demands that put pressure on teens, as well as frustration with low grades and unfinished homework, can all consume a lot of teenage energy.

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Problems with friends.
Problems with friends can also have a negative effect on a teenager's mind. Friendship is the most valuable quality among teenagers. They easily empathize with the feelings of others and are desperate to help.

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Changes in the body can also bother teenagers. They may seem too tall, too plain, too full-cheeked, or too clumsy. In a world of teenagers where looks matter a lot, these changes can make them feel like outcasts. And this predicament can trigger stress.
Changes in the body.

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Separation or divorce of parents.
These factors are also a source of stress for teenagers. Given the changes taking place in their lives, they will most likely feel that it is they who are the reason for the parents' decision to divorce or live separately. They blame themselves. And they envy classmates or friends whose families are complete.

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Death of a loved one.
The death of a loved one - a brother, sister, parent or close relative - can undoubtedly provoke an emotional outburst of a teenager. They are still at the very beginning of their lives and are absolutely not prepared to experience the loss of a person important to them.

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Serious family problems.
Adolescents are very sensitive to serious family problems, such as a chronic illness of a family member, or a financial crisis. No matter how parents try to keep their children out of it, family problems can still cause a teenager to worry to the point that they start to ignore everything else, including school and friends.

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unsafe areas.
Unsafe neighborhoods can be stressful for teenagers. Even if no one attacks a teenager, he will always have unhealthy thoughts about what might happen to him in a certain area.

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A new society or a new school may make a teenager feel less secure in their position. For adults, unfamiliar surroundings and being in society with complete strangers may not matter, but for teenagers this can be very frightening.
New society or new school.

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Finally, too much to do and too high expectations can be stressful for a teenager. Many adults do not know how to manage their own time. Therefore, it would be illogical to expect teenagers to handle many things at the same time. And this situation can provoke stress.
Too much to do and too high expectations to meet.

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The effect of stress on learning.
Psychological tests were conducted in two classes of our school, reflecting the dependence of students' emotional attitude to learning on abilities and the level of their implementation (the level of students' success in the educational process).

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The level of school anxiety is 7 "A" and 10 classes.

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School test of mental development 7 "A" and 10 classes.

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Conclusions.
Thus, we can conclude that the weaker the class, the less students have a productive attitude to learning, and in a stronger one it is the leading one. With insufficient abilities, the learning process turns into a source of constant stress.

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9 ways to help your teen deal with stress
Our life is accelerating. And a huge burden falls on a child in adolescence. In order for you to cope with stress, you need to learn to recognize when and what emotions, feelings can cause stress and how to deal with it. Pay attention to this moment. If your mind is constantly occupied by disturbing thoughts, for example: "I'm worried about ..., I'm worried about ..."; if you constantly make involuntary movements such as curling your hair, biting your nails, shifting from foot to foot, these are signs of nervousness. Therefore, you must learn to take care of yourself, to recognize them.

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1. Asking for help.
You don't have to deal with everything alone. If you have too many responsibilities, you can ask your parents, brothers and sisters, friends to help you. Even a simple heart-to-heart talk about how many problems you have will already provide some emotional support.

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2. Planning.
Learn to plan your day. If you have any difficult task ahead, it is best to divide it into parts and complete each part for a certain period of time. This approach will help to overcome anxiety.

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3. Identification of activities with which you can relax.
Learn to find time to rest. Make yourself a list of activities that you can use to relax and unwind. It can be a meeting with friends, playing sports, music and so on.

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4. Analysis of lesions.
If you fail at something, learn to take advantage of it. Instead of scolding yourself “I wrote the test badly, because I’m stupid and I don’t know how to do anything, and I can’t do anything”, You should really look at things: “I wrote the paper badly, which means I didn’t finish my studies .” This will help you avoid such troubles next time and believe in yourself.

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8. Priorities.
When your day is a to-do list and no free time to relax and kick the ball in the yard, learn to pick out the most important thing from the whole mass and start with it. Sometimes it pays to put off until tomorrow what you can do today.

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9. Physical exercise.
Sport strengthens your body and makes it more energetic, resilient, resistant to stress. You must accustom yourself to active activities, whether it be running, swimming or just walking. Choose for yourself.

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Stress regulation.
There is stress that leads to positive change. It's called positive stress. It includes the changes necessary for adaptation, while it stimulates personal growth and has a beneficial effect on the person. An exam is an example of positive stress, as the concern for getting a good grade leads to more time for preparation. In addition, stress can be beneficial to the body by mobilizing the immune system to fight diseases. It is because of the presence of such positive stresses that we only talk about the need to regulate stresses, and not about their complete elimination. Stress regulation is necessary in order to avoid (or at least reduce) negative consequences for the body. The better the preparation for the exam, the healthier the nervous system!

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stress and humor.
Humor is a great stress reliever. It helps to defuse a stressful situation and ease negative feelings. Many researchers have come to this conclusion. For example, Martin and Lefcourt found that humor offsets the negative impact of stressful situations on mood. After studying the behavior of 334 introductory psychology students, Labott and Martin concluded that humor acts as a buffer between stressful events and mood disturbances.

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The philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche confirmed the importance of humor with his saying that "only the animal that suffers the most on earth could invent laughter." Although we all know about the healing properties of humor, it is surprising that we laugh less and less as we age. Fourteen-year-olds laugh every four minutes, while adults laugh only 15 minutes a day.

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Humor is different. It can be expressed through surprise, exaggeration, absurdity, word play (pun, double entendre) or black humor. The effects of humor on health have been studied for many years.

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Summarizing these studies, Robinson puts forward the following proposition: “There has been much evidence that humor has a therapeutic effect on the emotional state, promotes adaptation and adjustment, helps to defuse and release tension, is a good defense against depression, is evidence of emotional maturity and a way of survival ... In general, it is obvious that humor is useful.

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Psychology. Post-traumatic stress. Prepared by: student 43 gr. Pogrebnaya Anna http://prezentacija.biz/

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Definition Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a non-psychotic delayed reaction to traumatic stress (such as natural and man-made disasters, military operations, torture, rape, etc.) that can cause mental disorders in almost any person.

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Historical overview Current understanding of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was complete by the 1980s, but information about the impact of traumatic experiences has been documented for centuries.

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Scientist Discovery of DaCosta in 1871 about the state of the "soldier's heart", observing vegetative reactions from the heart. Emil Kraepelin used the term schreckneurose ("fire neurosis") to designate a distinct clinical condition involving numerous nervous and physical phenomena resulting from various emotional upheavals or sudden fright that develop into anxiety. This condition is observed after serious accidents, especially fires, railway accidents or collisions. In 1889, X. Oppenheim introduced the term "traumatic neurosis" to diagnose mental disorders in combatants, the causes of which he saw in organic brain disorders caused by both physical and psychological factors. 1919" identified the differences between the neurological disorder "shell shock" and "shell shock". Shell shock was viewed by him as a neurological condition caused by physical trauma, while "shell shock" was viewed by Myers as a mental condition caused by severe stress. Combat responses became the subject of extensive research during World War II. This phenomenon was called differently by different authors: “military fatigue”, “combat exhaustion”, “military neurosis”, “post-traumatic neurosis”.

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In 1941, Kardiner called this phenomenon "chronic war neurosis." Starting from Freud's ideas, he introduces the concept of "central physio-neurosis", which, in his opinion, causes a violation of a number of personal functions that ensure successful adaptation to the outside world. Kardiner believed that military neurosis has both a physiological and a psychological nature. They were the first to give a comprehensive description of symptoms: 1) excitability and irritability; 2) unrestrained type of response to sudden irritants; 3) fixation on the circumstances of the traumatic event, 4) escape from reality; 5) predisposition to uncontrollable aggressive reactions “A person under stress” Grinker and Shpiegel (1945) listed the symptoms, the totality of which the authors referred to as “war neurosis”, from which the so-called “returnees” suffered - soldiers who had been in captivity. These symptoms included: increased fatigue, aggression, depression, etc. Egendorf A. et al., 1981; a comparative analysis of the features of the adaptation process in Vietnamese veterans and their peers who did not fight;

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Causes of the trauma of the War, affecting both the military and civilians; Violent crimes involving attempted murder, murder or rape; Car accidents, shipwrecks, train wrecks, aviation accidents; Hurricanes, earthquakes, floods and volcanic eruptions; Violent death or suicide of relatives or close acquaintances; Childhood trauma associated with unnecessarily harsh punishments, sexual abuse, or the death of a parent;

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Pathogenesis The onset of this disorder follows trauma after a latency period that can vary from weeks to months (but rarely more than 6 months). The course is undulating, but in most cases recovery can be expected. In a small proportion of cases, the condition may show a chronic course over many years and transition to a permanent change in personality after experiencing a catastrophe.

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Symptoms of PTSD Hallucinatory experiences This is a special kind of unsolicited memories of traumatic events, with the difference that during a hallucinatory experience, the memory of what happened is so vivid that the events of the current moment seem to fade into the background and seem less real than the memories. In this "hallucinatory", detached state, the person behaves as if he is re-experiencing a past traumatic event; he acts, thinks and feels the same as at the moment when he had to save his life. Hallucinatory experiences are not characteristic of all patients: this is just a kind of unsolicited memories, which are characterized by a special brightness and pain. They are more likely to occur under the influence of narcotic substances, in particular alcohol, but hallucinatory experiences can occur in a person and in a sober state, as well as in someone who has never used drugs Guilt of the survivor costing the lives of others is often inherent in those who suffer from "emotional deafness" (inability to experience joy, love, compassion, etc.) since the traumatic events. Many victims of PTSD are ready to do anything to avoid being reminded of the tragedy, the death of their comrades.

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Symptom Characteristic Depression In a state of post-traumatic stress, depression reaches the darkest and most hopeless depths of human despair, when it seems that everything is meaningless and useless. This feeling of depression is accompanied by nervous exhaustion, apathy and a negative attitude towards life. Unwanted memories This is perhaps the most important symptom that gives the right to talk about the presence of PTSD. Terrible, ugly scenes associated with a traumatic event suddenly pop up in the patient's memory. These memories can occur both during sleep and during wakefulness. Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep and interrupted sleep). When a person is visited by nightmares, there is reason to believe that he himself involuntarily resists falling asleep, and this is precisely the reason for his insomnia: a person is afraid to fall asleep and see it again. Regular lack of sleep, leading to extreme nervous exhaustion, completes the picture of symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Insomnia can also be caused by high levels of anxiety, an inability to relax, and persistent feelings of physical or mental pain.

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Unmotivated Vigilance A person closely watches everything that happens around him, as if he is constantly in danger. Explosive reaction At the slightest surprise, a person makes rapid movements (throws to the ground at the sound of a low-flying helicopter, turns around sharply and assumes a combat position when someone approaches him from behind). Dullness of emotions It happens that a person has completely or partially lost the ability to emotional manifestations. It is difficult for him to establish close and friendly ties with others, joy, love, creativity, playfulness and spontaneity are inaccessible to him.

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Aggressiveness The desire to solve problems with brute force. Although, as a rule, this applies to physical force, mental, emotional and verbal aggressiveness also occurs. Simply put, a person tends to use forceful pressure on others whenever he wants to achieve his goal, even if the goal is not vital. Memory and concentration disorders. A person experiences difficulties when it is necessary to concentrate or remember something, at least such difficulties arise under certain circumstances. At some moments, the concentration can be excellent, but as soon as any stress factor appears, the person is no longer able to concentrate. , “paranoid” phenomena - for example, an unreasonable fear of persecution), in emotional experiences (a constant feeling of fear, self-doubt, a guilt complex).

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Outbursts of rage. Not surges of moderate anger, but explosions of rage, similar in strength to a volcanic eruption. Many patients report that such seizures are more likely to occur under the influence of drugs, especially alcohol. However, there are also in the absence of alcohol or drugs, so it would be wrong to consider intoxication the main cause of these phenomena. Substance and drug abuse In an attempt to reduce the intensity of post-traumatic symptoms, many patients, especially Vietnamese veterans, use marijuana, alcohol, and (to a lesser extent) other drugs. It is important to note that there are two other large groups of veterans who are victims of PTSD: those who take only medication prescribed by a doctor and those who do not take any medication or drugs at all actions that would eventually lead to his death. When life seems more frightening and painful than death, the thought of ending all suffering can be tempting. When a person reaches that point of despair, where there is no way to improve his situation, he begins to think about suicide.

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Duration If the injury was relatively minor, the increased anxiety and other symptoms of stress will gradually subside within a few hours, days or weeks. If the trauma was severe or the traumatic events were repeated many times, the painful reaction can persist for many years.

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Triggers A trigger is an event that causes a PTSD patient to have an attack. Most often, the trigger is part of a traumatic experience - a crying child, the noise of a car, being at a height, an image, text, a TV show, etc. Patients with PTSD usually avoid meeting triggers with all their might, trying to avoid a new attack

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misconceptions associated with stress Stress affects only the psyche, without harming the physical condition. Influencing the psyche, stress affects the body as a whole. For example, hypertension, gastric and duodenal ulcers are often the result of stress. There is a concept of "psychosomatic illness", which refers to quite real "physical" illness. Only weak people are subject to stress. It is difficult to determine which of us is "weak" and which is "strong". If we proceed from the fact that the most active lifestyle is led by strong people with a high level of claims, then they are subject to stress to a greater extent than weak, unresponsive quiet ones. No matter what I do, stress is inevitable, so it is useless to fight it. The fact is that stress is not something that happens in reality, but our reaction to what is happening. How we react is related to our psyche and depends on us. Therefore, you need to develop stress management skills. All people react to stress in the same way. Each of us is different from the others. What is stressful for one may be completely painless for another. A simple example - a poor student who receives a three is quite satisfied, and for an excellent student this assessment can cause a painful stressful state. The forms of reaction to stress can also be different: one will experience fleeting regret, and the other, under the same circumstances, deep despair.

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learn relaxation techniques Relaxation skills, or relaxation, are one of the most effective means of dealing with stress. do not experience your problems alone Keeping the problem in yourself, without discussing it with relatives and friends, means accumulating painful tension. You need to find someone who can listen and empathize. lead a healthy lifestyle Compliance with the daily routine, proper nutrition and regular exercise create the basis for the normal functioning of the body. People who adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle, it is much easier to cope with everyday problems and traumatic influences to be able to have fun Life is not only about work. The ability to rest is just as necessary as the ability to work. If a person does not have a hobby, it would be quite nice to have one. set realistic goals Every normal person strives for the best. But, sadly, our desires often diverge from the possibilities. Achieving everything you want is difficult, and not necessary. avoid big changes Stability is one of the basic conditions for normal health. Any change, good or bad, can trigger a stress response if it happens too often. What to do to cope with stress

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Treatment Treatment of PTSD is complex, at the beginning of the disease, medication and psychotherapeutic, after - mainly psychotherapeutic. Good results are obtained by a technique in which the patient is taught at the time of the onset of an attack to concentrate on a vivid distracting memory, which eventually forms the habit of automatically switching consciousness to neutral or positive emotions, bypassing the traumatic experience in the event of a trigger. One of the recommended psychotherapeutic methods for the treatment of PTSD is the EMDR method - desensitization and processing using eye movements.

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Useful links and books http://lib100.com/book/practic_psychology/post_traumatic_stress/ http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki http://www.eurolab.ua/diseases/932/ Benjamin Kolodzin. How to live after a mental trauma. "Chance" 1997. Post-traumatic stress disorder. Physician's summary. Professor Igor BRYAZGUNOV, Scientific Center for Children's Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. Science No. 58. 99 Vasilyuk F.E. Survive grief. Stress of life: Collection. / Compiled by: L.M. Popova, I.V. Sokolov.

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WHAT IS STRESS?

Stress is a state of tension that occurs in a person under the influence of strong influences; Stress is a non-specific protective reaction of the body in response to adverse environmental changes.

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Types of stress

occupational stress (stress at work) emotional stress physical psychological stress operational stress (reaction of the body to a surgical operation) post-traumatic stress resulting from an injury, etc.

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What can be a stressor?

1. Physical stressors: heat, cold, noise, fire, traffic, violence, illness, poor working conditions, etc. 2.Social stressors: social, economic and political; family; related to work, career; interpersonal stressors. 3. Family stressors: distribution of responsibilities, jealousy, difference in value systems, illness (death in the family, etc.)..

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Phases of development of stress.

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The first (anxiety stage).

The heart at such moments begins to beat faster, digestion is temporarily restrained. In this state, a person cannot stay for a long time, as he gets tired.

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Second (stage of resistance).

It occurs as the stressful situation develops and continues. In this stage, a person, adapting to circumstances, functions in an optimal mode. This stage can take a relatively long time.

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Third (stage of exhaustion).

Occurs when the stress is too strong or prolonged. Its signs begin to appear in the emotional (anxiety, apathy, irritability, mental fatigue), behavioral (avoidance of responsibility and relationships, extreme behavior, self-neglect) and somatic (impairment of health, exhaustion, excessive use of drugs) spheres. The loss of the possibility of resistance leads to illness, the emergence of psychological trauma.

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The effects of stress

According to some Western experts, up to 70% of diseases are associated with emotional stress. In Europe, more than a million people die every year due to stress-related disorders of the cardiovascular system.

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Two types of stress

"Positive" stress leads to a long stay in a state of high spirits, which has a very beneficial effect on the body: immunity increases, diseases recede, a person feels a surge of joy, looks great and feels great. "Negative" stress unsettles for a long time and significantly undermines health.

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Main symptoms

Absent-mindedness, - increased excitability, - constant fatigue, - loss of sense of humor, - a sharp increase in the number of cigarettes smoked, with a simultaneous addiction to alcohol, - loss of sleep and appetite, - memory impairment, - so-called "psychosomatic" pains in head, back, stomach.

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If you have found five or more of the listed signs in yourself, then you urgently need to pull yourself out of this swamp by the ears. Firmly understand that you are alone at home, and you won’t get enough of troubles around a pond-pond for everyone. And, most importantly, life is such a thing that you can calmly perceive only with a great sense of humor.

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stress indicator

Read first and then look at the picture. The photo shows two dolphins jumping out of the water. As was found in the example of the experimental group, despite the fact that the dolphins are absolutely identical, a person who is under stress finds differences in them. If a person finds many differences, then he experiences the strongest stress. Look at the picture. If you find more than two differences in dolphins, then you urgently need to go on vacation.

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TEST:

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"Can you manage stress?"

0-3 points. You know how to control yourself and are probably quite happy 4-7 points. Your ability to deal with stress is somewhere in the middle. It is helpful for you to adopt some techniques to help you deal with stress. 8 or more points. It is still difficult for you to deal with life's adversities. If you want to keep your mental and physical strength, you need to learn how to use more effective methods of dealing with stress.

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Recipes for raising vitality:

1. Meditation and autotraining.2. A clear distribution of time for work and rest.3. Hot chocolate, a fluffy blanket, a comfortable chair and an old favorite book (preferably a children's one).4. Good wine, chocolate, nuts and a passionate lover.

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5. At least a short vacation in a warm place in a pleasant company or alone, according to your taste. 6. Sleep, as much as you want and a little more.7. Sports to exhaustion.8. Bath. A real Russian bath, with a steam room, brooms and jumping into a snowdrift.9. Communication with nature: forest, field, garden and cute animals: cats, dogs, horses.10. People who need you, who love you, appreciate, support, understand and cheer you up in any situation.

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"Know how to be calm about what you can not change." Seneca

View all slides

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The work was completed by: Marenina Tatyana Arkadyevna, Deputy Director of the Moscow School of Education No. 8 for social issues

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Dear colleagues!

Here is a series of slides about stress You can take your time to look through them ... but then you will not know what stress is and how to get rid of it. Do you want to know everything about stress and quickly? It's in your hands! Take care of your personal well-being! Use useful and necessary information!

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Useful information

I advise you when viewing the slides: If your opinion does not coincide with the proposed material, try to take a different point of view, analyzing its strengths and weaknesses; Remember that any point of view has the right to exist, even if it contradicts the opinion of the majority; Remember that each person is personally responsible for his health and, therefore, for his life; Make your own choice; Don't forget that your decision results are real and valid!

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Stress is the tension of the body, aimed at overcoming emerging difficulties and adapting to increased requirements. In the life of every person there are critical situations called crises, frustrations, conflicts, stresses. It's unavoidable. Purpose: To give the concept of stress and its manifestations; Learn ways to relieve stress.

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Express analysis

Using the test of the Dutch professor Appels, an express analysis of the degree of exhaustion of the vitality of students, teachers, and parents was carried out. Let's analyze the diagram and draw conclusions. As we have seen, 80% of respondents feel anxiety, nervousness, tension, that is, stress.

4% - there are no signs of excessive overstrain and overwork. 16% - there are signals of fatigue and overstrain.

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Physiological (the effect of physical overload, illness). Psychological (action of moral and psychological overloads). Informational (information overload, lack of the right decision, lagging behind the required pace). Emotional (situations of threat to life and health).

TYPES OF STRESS stress

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Stages (phases of stress)

Dr. Hans Selye, the author of the doctrine of stress, defined it as "the rate of wear and tear of the body." Selye identified 3 phases of stress: 1. Anxiety phase - the initial response of our body to danger or threat. 2. Phase of resistance - active resistance of the body. 3. The phase of exhaustion - the destruction of the body ("burning").

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SIGNS OF STRESS

Anxiety Fear Tension Uncertainty Confusion Depression Vulnerability Panic

Pallor/redness Increased heart rate Shaking Muscle stiffness Dry mouth Difficulty breathing Dilated pupils Sweating Difficulty swallowing Stomach cramps

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DEPRESSION

From stress to depression - one step Who can not quickly cope with stress, he goes into depression. In fact, it is the body's response to stress.

Depression is a whole body disease that affects mood, thoughts, and behavior.

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Diseases associated with stress

Diabetes Infertility Hair loss Headaches Heart disease High blood pressure

Allergies Depressions Colds Cancer Bowel disease Panic attacks Stomach ulcers Skin diseases

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OUT OF STRESS

A few deep breaths Muscle relaxation Sports or physical labor Humor Wash your face with cold water Drink water or better juice Turn your attention to a foreign object Reassess the situation Close your eyes. Mentally imagine a quiet place in which you felt good and comfortable Massage your face, head, neck, arms, legs Draw a stressful situation. Tear the drawing. Aromatherapy Think of your friends and loved ones who love you no matter what. You are all right!

Stress prevention

Hans Selye is the father of stress theory.

a variety of unfavorable factors:

cold, heat, X-ray irradiation, injection of adrenaline, insulin, purely physical traumatic effects, pain and many others - usually cause the same response of the body, which Selye called "general adaptive

syndrome" (OSA). This is what stress is.

The most significant shortcoming in Selye's theory is the denial of the leading role

CNS in the origin of stress. Selye and his followers showed that

The reaction to stress is a universal model of defense reactions aimed at maintaining the integrity of the body, and is the same for both humans and animals. But unlike animals, in humans, the physiological reaction can be determined directly not by the presence of stress, but by its psychological impact on the personality.

R. Lazarus was the first to try to distinguish between the physiological and psychological understanding of stress.

He, developing the doctrine of stress, put forward a concept according to which a distinction is made between physiological stress associated with a real stimulus, and mental (emotional) stress, in which a person (based on individual knowledge and experience) assesses the upcoming situation as threatening, difficult.

Another researcher, Dr. Harold Wolff, found the answer to the mystery of why, during World War II, among

prisoners of war held in German camps, only one

one out of a hundred died before being released, while among the prisoners of war held in Japanese camps, 33 out of 100 died before being released. was much higher than in German.

This was the reason for such a difference in mortality.

Modern views on stress are characterized by the conventionality of a complete separation of physiological stress and mental stress. In physiological stress there are always mental elements and vice versa. So, Marishchuk believes that any stress is physiological, because. accompanied by various physiological reactions, and always emotional, because it is accompanied by corresponding emotional experiences.

Causes of stress

The cause of stress consists of two components:

"stressor" "stress reaction".

stressor

A stressor is a stimulus that can trigger the fight or flight response, i.e. system of human reactions aimed at adaptation.

In life, we face various stressors.

One of them belongs to

- environment (toxins, heat, cold),

- others are psychological in nature (decreased self-esteem, depression),

- the third - sociological (unemployment, death of a loved one)

- the rest are of a philosophical nature (use of time, goals of life).

All stressors can be roughly distributed according to the time required for adaptation:

everyday troubles (may be small or medium in terms of negative significance) take a minute to adapt;

critical life events, traumatic events that require qualitative structural reorganization in the structure of a person's personality and are accompanied not only by short-term emotions, but by persistent affective reactions; take more time to adapt than everyday stressors;

chronic overload - the stressor acts for a long time: as a result of recurring family troubles, overload at work, or after serious, subjectively significant events (divorce, for example).