Ready presentation April 12 is Cosmonautics Day. Presentation for the event for primary classes "April 12 - Cosmonautics Day". researcher, school teacher

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky

1857-1935,

Russian and Soviet self-taught scientist,

researcher, school teacher.

Founder of modern astronautics.

Substantiated the derivation of the equation of jet propulsion,

came to the conclusion that it was necessary to use "rocket trains"

- prototypes of multi-stage rockets.

Konstantin

Eduardovich

Tsiolkovsky

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev

1906 -1966,

Soviet scientist, designer and organizer of the production of rocket and space technology and rocket weapons. Founder of practical astronautics.

The largest figure of the 20th century in the field of space rocket and shipbuilding, together with the German designer Wernher von Braun. With the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite in 1957, he marked the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind, the space age.

Korolev

Sergei

Pavlovich

Yuri Gagarin

the first cosmonaut of the planet.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin

1934-1968

Soviet cosmonaut,

The hero of the USSR,

colonel, first man,

spaceflight

Leonov

Alexey

Arkhipovich

soviet cosmonaut,

first man,

spacewalker .

Tereshkova

Valentine

Vladimirovna

the first female cosmonaut of the Earth,

The hero of the USSR,

major general.

first space tourist

paying for your flight

into space in 2001

April 12, 1961 year in our country launched the first spacecraft. Gagarin Yury Alekseevich became the first space pilot who opened the expanses of the universe. It is for this reason that we celebrate the date of the great discovery.

Venus Mars Earth Moon

Saturn Jupiter Uranus Sun

Mercury Pluto Neptune

S.P. Korolev

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev is a scientist who worked in the field of rocket and rocket and space technology. S.P. Korolev- an outstanding designer.

He is rightfully the father of domestic rocket and space technology, which ensured strategic parity and made our state an advanced rocket and space power.

Who was the first to fly into space?

The dog Laika was the first to fly into space. She spent several days aboard the artificial satellite, but they could not return her to Earth. In August 1960, the dogs Belka and Strelka set out on a space journey. There were also mice, insects and seeds on the ship. After the flight, the animals returned to their home planet and felt great.

Astronaut dogs: Zvezdochka, Chernushka, Strelka and Belka (photo 1961).

Dear friends, relatives and strangers, compatriots, people of all countries and continents! In a few minutes, a mighty spaceship will take me to the distant expanses of the universe.

The first orbit around the Earth of a spacecraft with a man on board was the merit of many, many people and, first of all, the general designer of spacecraft

Sergei Pavlovich Korolev.

First human spacewalk

On March 8-19, 1965, Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov, together with P.I. Belyaev flew on the spacecraft "Voskhod-2" as a 2nd pilot. On March 18, 1965, Leonov first went into outer space, retired from the spacecraft at a distance of 5 m and spent 12 minutes in open space outside the airlock. 9 p.

First female astronaut Valentina Tereshkova

On June 16–19, 1963, she made a space flight as a pilot of the Vostok-6 spacecraft, lasting 2 days and 23 hours. It was the first flight of a female astronaut in the world.

ISS - International Space Station

The International Space Station is the largest space object among all that have been made by human hands. If the station is inscribed in a rectangle, then this rectangle will exceed the area of ​​a football field. Although, of course, only a small part of this rectangle will be filled with compartments where people live. The station is so huge that it was impossible to launch it into space entirely at one time.

Baikonur Cosmodrome named after S.P. Queen

Management of the docking of the Russian transport manned spacecraft "Soyuz TMA-12" with the International Space Station.

We live on planet earth.

EARTH, the third largest planet from the Sun in the solar system. The surface area of ​​the Earth is 510.073 million km2, of which approximately 70.8% is in the World Ocean. Land makes up 29.2%, respectively, and forms six continents and islands. Mountains occupy more than 1/3 of the land surface. Deserts cover about 20% of the land surface, savannas and light forests - about 20%, forests - about 30%, glaciers - over 10%.

Take care of our planet Earth.

You may wonder Having learned - the Earth is our common home! Animals, birds live in it And we live with you. The earth is our huge house, It has many floors. For underwater dwellers And for forest snakes. Enough for all apartments: For buffaloes and goats, For owls and crocodiles For hares and dragonflies. The earth is our huge house, And let it be built It is not made of concrete slabs, But that's not the point at all. And the fact that we are neighbors, And we must save Deer and bears. This is what we're talking about!

Take care of your planet! There is one garden planet. In this cold space Only here the forests are noisy, Birds calling migratory. And dragonflies are only here They look into the river in surprise. Take care of your planet After all, there is no other in the world!

Spring is rich in wonderful holidays, but one of them is especially dear to the heart of Russians. This is Cosmonautics Day, which has been celebrated for more than fifty years. Traditionally, schools hold class hours dedicated to this day. Depending on the age of the students, the form of conducting is chosen, and certain tasks are formulated.

The main goals and objectives of the class hour

Choosing the purpose of the class hour, it is necessary to focus on the age of the students, the pedagogical validity of the event and the desired result. If we are talking about a classroom hour for elementary school (grades 3-5), goal may sound like this: creating conditions for enriching students' knowledge about the history of the Cosmonautics Day holiday.

In this case, this goal will be realized by the following tasks:

• Introduce students to the history of the holiday.
• To develop the cognitive activity of students, to induce further interest in the study of the event.
• Cultivate patriotic feelings.

For high school students, it is appropriate to choose more local goals, for example, those with a local history focus.

History reference

Class hour on the theme "Cosmonautics Day" must contain a mandatory block of historical events. The main thing that children should learn about is the event that took place on April 12, 1961. The first man flew into space. It was a citizen of our Motherland - Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin. He made his flight lasting 108 minutes on the Vostok-1 spacecraft.

A year later, on April 9, 1962, at the suggestion of German Titov, the second Russian cosmonaut, the Cosmonautics Day holiday was approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

By the way, German Titov was the second Soviet man to conquer space, and still remains the youngest cosmonaut to orbit the earth.

As of 2014, 558 people have been in space, 56 of them women. Our compatriot Valentina Tereshkova was also the first woman in space. She made her flight on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft.

A class hour about astronautics is an opportunity to instill in schoolchildren a sense of patriotism and pride in their people. After all, our compatriots were the first people to go into outer space. Alexei Leonov did it on March 18, 1965. Svetlana Savitskaya accomplished her feat on July 25, 1984.

It is necessary to discuss with high school students the gravity and danger of this profession. Since 22 cosmonauts died during the entire time of space flights, 5 of which were citizens of our country. The heroism and valor of these people is respected and admired, and the task of the teacher will be to instill these feelings in students.

Filling the class hour and decorating the office

In order for the event not to become a boring enumeration of facts, it is necessary to fill it with an entertaining and educational component.

The teacher needs to choose an epigraph suitable for the topic of astronautics and put it on the board. The statements of K.E. Tsiolkovsky, the founder of theoretical cosmonautics.

• "The impossible today will become possible tomorrow."
• « All our knowledge, past, present and future is nothing compared to what we will never know.”
• “It cannot be that there is not somewhere matter, time and space. They are infinite, continuous and eternal. It also cannot be that there is no life somewhere. It is also eternal, continuous and omnipresent…”

You can use the famous phrase uttered by Yu.A. Gagarin after landing.

The development of an extracurricular activity is a laborious task, so you can download a ready-made work from the site for free and engage directly in the preparation of a class hour.

Space books

In the office, it is worth making a small book exhibition of books, both artistic and scientific. Encyclopedias and atlases open on bright and memorable pages. You can use the following books:

• Galina Zheleznyak "Cosmonautics. Discovery of the Universe.
• Mark Garlick, The Illustrated Atlas of the Universe.
• Planets: a navigator for the young and brave.

Invite students to familiarize themselves with fiction about astronautics and adventures in space. For example:

• K. Bulychev "The Adventures of Alice";
• A. Ivanova, V. Merzlenko "Petya's extraordinary adventures in space", etc.

It would be appropriate to hang portraits of the first astronauts, a star map, images of spaceships in the classroom.

The whole event is best done against the background of music, light and unobtrusive. At the time when the students pronounce the material, the volume should be turned down.

It would be useful to use short fragments from Air Force documentaries about astronautics, to show the chronicles of the first flight of Yu.A. Gagarin.

The choice of the form of a class hour about Cosmonautics Day largely depends on the age category of students. The easiest way is to combine several forms into one, then the event will turn out to be rich and will definitely remain in the memory of the students.

For the primary school classroom hour, it is more harmonious to use the lecture form combined with the competitive form. Conduct a small quiz about space, ask riddles on the topic of astronautics.

Possible topics for class hours dedicated to Cosmonautics Day

For grades 1-5 of elementary school, it is better to choose simple and understandable topics. For example:

• "Forward to the stars!"
• "What is astronautics?"
• "Who is he, the first cosmonaut?"
• "The Path to Space"

For high school students, the following topics are suitable:

• "Preparing a person for space flight"
• "Secrets of the Starry Sky"
• "Heroic profession - astronaut"
• "The prospect of further space exploration"

When creating a presentation for Cosmonautics Day, several conditions must be met:

• brevity;
• information content;
• cognition;
• literacy;
• the presence of a visualized series.

You can use . This will greatly simplify the preparation of the teacher for the classroom.

To successfully complete the class hour, you need to conduct a reflection. This can be expressed in the form of a table that students fill out, in the form of a survey, in the form of a secret ballot, etc. After processing the results, it will become clear whether the initial goals were set correctly and by what percentage the tasks of the class hour for Cosmonautics Day were implemented.

April 12 Cosmonautics Day Kravtsun M.G. primary school teacher MBOU ESOSH No. 1 village Egorlykskaya Rostov region

On one of the spring days 53 years ago, an unusual event for those times took place: on April 12, 1961, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin made the first space flight in the history of the Earth on the Vostok spacecraft. Since then, every year on April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. This is a holiday for cosmonauts, scientists, engineers, workers who invent and make rockets, spacecraft and satellites.

People have long dreamed of exploring outer space. They thought for a long time about how to build a spaceship to fly above the stars. People dreamed of knowing the sky, and not just setting altitude records. New thousands of inventive minds and new hundreds of thousands of skillful, talented hands joined the common work... And so they created spaceships and flew into space. But before the famous cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin flew

On November 3, 1957, a living heart began to beat in the lifeless, cold, always black space of space. In the hermetic cabin of the satellite, the dog Laika lived, breathed, and flew over the world.

Following Laika, Belka and Strelka followed. Guinea pigs, monkeys, parrots, mice, rabbits also flew - all of them honestly served a great dream.

Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin

Our hero was born on March 9, 1934 in the village of Klushino (now the Smolensk region). By origin, he is a peasant. His mother Anna Timofeevna and father Alexei Ivanovich were simple workers of their time. The childhood of the future cosmonaut passed in his native village, where he went to school, where he had to suspend his studies in 1941 due to the German occupation. Two years later, in 1943, school attendance resumed. In May 1945, Yura and his family moved to the city of Gzhatsk, where in May 1949 he graduated from the sixth grade of high school. After school, he entered the Lyubertsy vocational school and at the same time the school of working youth. Yura graduated from college with honors. In 1951, Gagarin entered the Saratov Industrial College, and in October 1954 for the first time he came to the Saratov flying club. In 1955, he successfully completed his studies and made his first flight on a Yak-18 aircraft. He served in the army, which began in 1955, in the city of Chkalov (now Orenburg), in the 1st Military Aviation Pilot School named after K. E. Voroshilov. Despite the difficulties during his studies, Yura graduated from college with honors. Then for two years he served near Murmansk in the 169th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 122nd Fighter Aviation Division of the Northern Fleet, armed with aircraft. On December 9, 1959, Gagarin wrote a statement in which he asked to be admitted as a candidate cosmonaut. And a week later he was called to Moscow to undergo a medical examination. He was qualified! And on March 3, 1960, he was enlisted as a candidate cosmonaut. Since that time, regular training began.

What should an astronaut be like? Bold, determined, collected. And his health must be very strong: after all, during takeoff and landing, the astronaut experiences the strongest overloads. And in space, he will be in a state of weightlessness - the test is not easy. In order to determine whether candidates for cosmonauts meet all the necessary requirements, they are examined for a long time and carefully by a medical commission. They even conduct such an experiment: they put a person in a special centrifuge, and for some time he rotates in it. If the body copes with this task, it means that a person will feel normal in space. And after long tests and discussions, a decision was made: Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin would become the first cosmonaut in the world. Finally the decisive day arrived. April 12, 1961 Yuri Gagarin on the spacecraft "Vostok" made a space flight. In 108 minutes, the satellite with the world's first cosmonaut circled the globe and safely returned to Earth. It was a powerful breakthrough in space exploration! And then there was a solemn meeting on Red Square. In a few hours, Yuri Gagarin became the most famous person in the world. When the government announcement of the great flight was heard on the radio, the streets of the whole country filled with crowds of people. Everyone wanted to greet the world's first cosmonaut, the Son of the Earth, the Citizen of the Universe.

But space isn't just for men.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (1937) - cosmonaut, the first woman to travel in space. She was born on March 6, 1937 in a small village in the Yaroslavl region. Education in the biography of Valentina Tereshkova began in 1945 at the Yaroslavl school. After seven years of school, she began working at a factory, and at the same time she studied at an evening school. The next educational step in Tereshkova's biography was the technical school of light industry. Simultaneously with her studies there, Valentina worked at a textile factory. In 1962, she became one of the contenders for the candidacy of the first woman to go into space. She went through a lot of training - parachuting, weightlessness, resistance to flight. On June 16, 1963, on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, Tereshkova made the world's first space flight by a female cosmonaut, spending almost three days in orbit. Valentina hid her preparations for the flight from her relatives so as not to disturb them. On the day of the first flight into space, she said that she was leaving for the skydiving competition, they learned about the news on the radio. Since 1966, he has been active in state activities. She was a people's deputy of the USSR, chairman of many Presidiums. Since 1963 he has been an Honored Master of Parachuting. The chronology of military ranks in the biography of Valentina Tereshkova is as follows: lieutenant, captain - 1963, major - 1965, lieutenant colonel - 1967, colonel - 1970, major general - 1995. She retired in 1997. She has many awards, orders, medals.

He is the first cosmonaut in the world, Because he is a hero for everyone. He was the kindest person, He was with an unearthly smile. That's why this holiday has become kind for the kids, Because, you see, about space Everyone thought in childhood: They look like Gagarin All the boys want to be, In honor of him, children draw A multi-colored starfall. In honor of Gagarin - avenues, Ships and boats ... Now the holiday of astronauts: Cosmonautics - "Hurrah!". Cosmonauts Day Both boys and girls, Waking up and in good dreams, Everyone dreams about space, About distant skies. Today is the holiday of astronauts! - Congratulations on this day. Gagarin opened it to us. Much has been said about him.

Presentation on the topic "April 12" on astronomy in powerpoint format. He talks about the first steps of human space exploration and the people who made their personal contribution to this matter.

Fragments from the presentation

• February 2, 1955 Decree of the Government of the USSR on the construction of a test site for testing intercontinental ballistic missiles was adopted. The Baikonur Cosmodrome was decided to be built in Kazakhstan. Since 1957, Baikonur has been the first and largest cosmodrome in the world.
• October 4, 1957 Our country launched the first artificial Earth satellite (Sputnik-1) into orbit. It was in orbit for 92 days from October 4, 1957 to January 4, 1958, during this period it made 1400 revolutions around the Earth. Each orbit around the Earth took about 100 minutes. The satellite then burned up in the Earth's atmosphere.
• October 4, 1957 considered the beginning of the space age. In honor of this event, in 1964, a 99-meter obelisk "To the Conquerors of Space" was built in Moscow in the form of a rocket taking off, leaving behind a trail of fire.
• The first animal to orbit the Earth was the dog Laika. She was launched into space November 3, 1957 at half past six in the morning Moscow time.
• August 20, 1960 the dogs Belka and Strelka flew into space, they were the first animals to return safely from a space flight. After a daily flight, they were returned to Earth in an ejection capsule and became world famous.
• April 12, 1961 at 9:00 7 minutes, the Soviet Union launched a spacecraft into Earth's orbit - the Vostok satellite with a man on board. This was Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin.

Said `Let's go` Gagarin,
The rocket flew into space.
That was a risky guy!
Since then, an era has begun.

The era of wanderings and discoveries,
Progress, peace and labor,
Hopes, wishes and events
Now all this is forever.

Days will come when space
Who wants to, can plow!
Even to the moon, please, wander!
Nobody can forbid!

That will be life! But still remember
That someone was the first to fly ...
Major Gagarin, modest guy,
He managed to open the era.

(Mahmud Otar-Mukhtarov)

For this flight, the cosmonaut received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Since 1962, April 12 has been declared a public holiday - Cosmonautics Day. Most of all, the return to Earth of Yuri Gagarin was expected by his wife Valentina, daughters Elena and Galina.

• German Stepanovich Titov. The hero of the USSR. Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, lieutenant general of aviation. In preparation for the world's first manned space flight, he was Yu.A. Gagarin's understudy. He made a space flight on August 6-7, 1961 on the Vostok-2 satellite ship.
• Valentina Vladimirovna Nikolaeva-Tereshkova. The world's first female astronaut. The hero of the USSR. Pilot-cosmonaut, colonel, candidate of technical sciences. She made a space flight on June 16-19, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft.
• Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov On March 18-19, 1965, together with Pavel Belyaev, he flew into space as a co-pilot on the Voskhod-2 spacecraft. Flight duration 1 day 2 hours 2 minutes 17 seconds. During this flight, Leonov made the first spacewalk in the history of astronautics lasting 12 minutes 9 seconds.
• July 20, 1969 American astronauts landed on the surface of the moon. Commander Neil Alden Armstrong, Lunar Module Pilot Edwin Eugene Aldrin, Orbital Module Pilot Michael Collins. All of them went into space for the second time. The flight took off from Cape Canaveral on July 16, 1969. The first person to walk on the moon is the commander of the ship Neil Armstrong.

Gagarin Square

The monument was opened on July 4, 1980. The column is located in the center of a round platform-podium lined with polished black granite slabs. Nearby is a silver ball, a model of the Vostok spacecraft. On the ball there is a cast inscription in memory of the first space flight. Sculptor P. Bondarenko, architect. Ya. Belopolsky, F. Gazhevsky, designer A. Sudakov.