Synopsis of GCD on teaching literacy for children of the preparatory group for school. Sound analysis of the word "geese. Sounds. The letters "K, k" Vowel sounds in the words of the Russian language

Before proceeding to perform phonetic analysis with examples, we draw your attention to the fact that letters and sounds in words are not always the same thing.

Letters- these are letters, graphic symbols, with the help of which the content of the text is conveyed or the conversation is outlined. Letters are used to visually convey meaning, we will perceive them with our eyes. The letters can be read. When you read letters aloud, you form sounds - syllables - words.

A list of all letters is just an alphabet

Almost every student knows how many letters are in the Russian alphabet. That's right, there are 33 of them in total. The Russian alphabet is called Cyrillic. The letters of the alphabet are arranged in a certain sequence:

Russian alphabet:

In total, the Russian alphabet uses:

• 21 letters for consonants;
• 10 letters - vowels;
• and two: ь (soft sign) and ъ (hard sign), which indicate properties, but do not in themselves determine any sound units.

You often pronounce the sounds in phrases differently from how you write them down in writing. In addition, the word can be used more letters than sounds. For example, "children's" - the letters "T" and "C" merge into one phoneme [ts]. Conversely, the number of sounds in the word "blacken" is greater, since the letter "Yu" in this case is pronounced as [yu].

What is phonetic parsing?

We perceive sound speech by ear. Under the phonetic analysis of the word is meant the characteristic of the sound composition. In the school curriculum, such an analysis is more often called “sound-letter” analysis. So, in phonetic parsing, you simply describe the properties of sounds, their characteristics depending on the environment, and the syllabic structure of a phrase united by a common word stress.

Phonetic transcription

For sound-letter analysis, a special transcription in square brackets is used. For example, the correct spelling is:

• black -> [h"orny"]
• apple -> [yablaka]
• anchor -> [yakar"]
• tree -> [yolka]
• sun -> [sontse]

The phonetic parsing scheme uses special characters. Thanks to this, it is possible to correctly designate and distinguish between the letter record (spelling) and the sound definition of letters (phonemes).

• the phonetically parsed word is enclosed in square brackets - ;
• a soft consonant is indicated by a transcription sign ['] - an apostrophe;
• shock [´] - with an accent;
• in complex word forms from several roots, a secondary stress sign [`] is used - grave (not practiced in the school curriculum);
• the letters of the alphabet Yu, Ya, E, Yo, b and b are NEVER used in transcription (in the curriculum);
• for double consonants, [:] is used - a sign of the longitude of pronouncing the sound.

Below are detailed rules for orthoepic, alphabetic and phonetic and word parsing with online examples, in accordance with the general school norms of the modern Russian language. For professional linguists, the transcription of phonetic characteristics differs in accents and other symbols with additional acoustic features vowel and consonant phonemes.

How to make a phonetic parsing of a word?

The following diagram will help you conduct a letter analysis:

• Write down the necessary word and say it out loud several times.
• Count how many vowels and consonants are in it.
• Mark the stressed syllable. (Stress with the help of intensity (energy) singles out a certain phoneme in speech from a number of homogeneous sound units.)
• Divide the phonetic word into syllables and indicate their total number. Remember that the syllable division in differs from the hyphenation rules. The total number of syllables always matches the number of vowels.
• In transcription, disassemble the word by sounds.
• Write the letters from the phrase in a column.
• Opposite each letter, in square brackets, indicate its sound definition (how it is heard). Remember that sounds in words are not always identical to letters. The letters "ь" and "ъ" do not represent any sounds. The letters "e", "e", "yu", "I", "and" can mean 2 sounds at once.
• Analyze each phoneme separately and mark its properties with a comma:
  • for a vowel, we indicate in the characteristic: the sound is a vowel; shock or unstressed;
  • in the characteristics of consonants we indicate: the sound is consonant; hard or soft, voiced or deaf, sonorous, paired / unpaired in hardness-softness and sonority-deafness.
• At the end of the phonetic analysis of the word, draw a line and count the total number of letters and sounds.

This scheme is practiced in the school curriculum.

An example of phonetic parsing of a word

Here is an example of phonetic analysis by composition for the word "phenomenon" → [yivl'e′n'iye]. In this example, there are 4 vowels and 3 consonants. There are only 4 syllables: I-vle′-ni-e. The emphasis falls on the second.

Sound characteristic of letters:

i [th] - acc., unpaired soft, unpaired voiced, sonorous [and] - vowel, unstressed in [c] - acc., paired solid, paired sound [l '] - acc., paired soft, unpaired . sound, sonorous [e ′] - vowel, percussion [n '] - consonant, paired soft, unpaired. sound, sonorous and [and] - vowel, unstressed [th] - acc., unpaired. soft, unpaired sound, sonorant [e] - vowel, unstressed ____________________ In total, the phenomenon in the word is 7 letters, 9 sounds. The first letter "I" and the last "E" represent two sounds.

Now you know how to do sound-letter analysis yourself. The following is a classification of sound units of the Russian language, their relationship and transcription rules for sound literal parsing.

Phonetics and sounds in Russian

What are the sounds?

All sound units are divided into vowels and consonants. Vowel sounds, in turn, are stressed and unstressed. A consonant sound in Russian words can be: hard - soft, voiced - deaf, hissing, sonorous.

How many sounds are there in Russian live speech?

The correct answer is 42.

Doing phonetic parsing online, you will find that 36 consonants and 6 vowels are involved in word formation. Many have a reasonable question, why is there such a strange inconsistency? Why does the total number of sounds and letters differ for both vowels and consonants?

All this is easily explained. A number of letters, when participating in word formation, can denote 2 sounds at once. For example, pairs of softness-hardness:

• [b] - peppy and [b '] - squirrel;
• or [d] - [d ’]: home - do.

And some do not have a pair, for example [h '] will always be soft. If in doubt, try to say it firmly and make sure that this is impossible: stream, pack, spoon, black, Chegevara, boy, rabbit, bird cherry, bees. Thanks to this practical solution, our alphabet has not reached a dimensionless scale, and the sound units are optimally complemented, merging with each other.

Vowel sounds in the words of the Russian language

Vowel sounds unlike melodic consonants, they flow freely, as if in a singsong voice, from the larynx, without barriers and tension of the ligaments. The louder you try to pronounce the vowel, the wider you will have to open your mouth. And vice versa, the louder you strive to pronounce the consonant, the more vigorously you will close the oral cavity. This is the most striking articulatory difference between these classes of phonemes.

The stress in any word forms can only fall on a vowel sound, but there are also unstressed vowels.

How many vowels are in Russian phonetics?

Russian speech uses fewer vowel phonemes than letters. There are only six percussive sounds: [a], [i], [o], [e], [y], [s]. And, recall, there are ten letters: a, e, e, and, o, y, s, e, i, u. The vowels E, Yo, Yu, I are not "pure" sounds in transcription are not used. Often, when parsing words alphabetically, the letters listed are stressed.

Phonetics: characteristics of stressed vowels

The main phonemic feature of Russian speech is the clear pronunciation of vowel phonemes in stressed syllables. Stressed syllables in Russian phonetics are distinguished by the strength of exhalation, increased duration of sound, and are pronounced undistorted. Since they are pronounced distinctly and expressively, the sound analysis of syllables with stressed vowel phonemes is much easier to perform. The position in which the sound does not undergo changes and retains the main form is called strong position. This position can only be percussive sound and syllable. Unstressed phonemes and syllables remain in a weak position.

• The vowel in the stressed syllable is always in a strong position, that is, it is pronounced more distinctly, with the greatest force and duration.
• A vowel in an unstressed position is in a weak position, that is, it is pronounced with less force and not so clearly.

In Russian, only one phoneme “U” retains unchanging phonetic properties: kuruza, plank, u chus, u catch - in all positions it is pronounced distinctly like [u]. This means that the vowel "U" is not subject to qualitative reduction. Attention: in writing, the phoneme [y] can also be indicated by another letter “Yu”: muesli [m’u ´sl’i], key [kl’u ´h’], etc.

Analysis of the sounds of stressed vowels

The vowel phoneme [o] occurs only in a strong position (under stress). In such cases, "O" is not subject to reduction: cat [ko´ t'ik], bell [kalako´ l'ch'yk], milk [malako´], eight [vo´ s'im'], search [paisko´ vaya], dialect [go´ var], autumn [o´ s'in'].

An exception to the rule of a strong position for “O”, when unstressed [o] is also pronounced clearly, are only some foreign words: cocoa [cocoa "o], patio [pa" tio], radio [ra" dio], boa [bo a "] and a number of service units, for example, union no. The sound [o] in writing can be reflected by another letter “e” - [o]: turn [t’o´ rn], fire [kas’t’o´ r]. Parsing the sounds of the remaining four vowels in the stressed position will also not be difficult.

Unstressed vowels and sounds in Russian words

It is possible to make the correct sound analysis and accurately determine the characteristics of the vowel only after placing the stress in the word. Do not forget also about the existence of homonymy in our language: for "mok - zamok" and about the change in phonetic qualities depending on the context (case, number):

• I'm at home [ya to "ma].
• New houses [but "vye da ma"].

AT unstressed position the vowel is modified, that is, it is pronounced differently than it is written:

• mountains - mountain = [go "ry] - [ga ra"];
• he - online = [o "n] - [a nla" yn]
• witness = [sv'id'e "t'i l'n'itsa].

Similar vowel changes in unstressed syllables are called reduction. Quantitative, when the duration of the sound changes. And a qualitative reduction, when the characteristic of the original sound changes.

The same unstressed vowel can change its phonetic characteristic depending on its position:

• primarily with respect to the stressed syllable;
• at the absolute beginning or end of a word;
• in open syllables (consist of only one vowel);
• under the influence of neighboring signs (b, b) and a consonant.

Yes, different 1st degree of reduction. She is subject to:

• vowels in the first prestressed syllable;
• open syllable at the very beginning;
• repeated vowels.

Note: To make a sound-letter analysis, the first pre-stressed syllable is determined not from the “head” of the phonetic word, but in relation to the stressed syllable: the first to the left of it. In principle, it can be the only pre-shock: not-here [n'iz'd'e´shn'y].

(bare syllable) + (2-3 pre-stressed syllable) + 1st pre-stressed syllable ← Stressed syllable → stressed syllable (+2/3 stressed syllable)

• forward-re -di [fp'ir'i d'i´];
• e-ste-ve-nno [yi s’t’e´s’t’v’in: a];

Any other pre-stressed syllables and all post-stressed syllables with sound parsing belong to the reduction of the 2nd degree. It is also called "weak position of the second degree."

• kiss [pa-tsy-la-va´t '];
• model [ma-dy-l’i´-ra-vat’];
• swallow [la´-hundred-ch'ka];
• kerosene [k'i-ra-s'i'-na-vy].

The reduction of vowels in a weak position also differs in steps: the second, third (after hard and soft consonants, - this is outside the curriculum): study [uch'i´ts: a], numb [atsyp'in'e´t '], hope [nad'e´zhda]. In literal analysis, the reduction of the vowel in a weak position in the final open syllable(= at the absolute end of a word):

• cup;
• goddess;
• with songs;
• turn.

Sound letter analysis: iotized sounds

Phonetically, the letters E - [ye], Yo - [yo], Yu - [yu], I - [ya] often denote two sounds at once. Have you noticed that in all the indicated cases, the additional phoneme is “Y”? That is why these vowels are called iotated. The meaning of the letters E, E, Yu, I is determined by their positional position.

During phonetic analysis, the vowels e, e, u, i form 2 sounds:

◊ Yo - [yo], Yu - [yu], E - [ye], I - [ya] in cases where there are:

• At the beginning of the word "Yo" and "Yu" always:
  • - cringe [yo´ zhyts: a], Christmas tree [yo´ lach’ny], hedgehog [yo´ zhyk], capacity [yo´ mkast’];
  • - jeweler [yuv ’il’i´r], yule [yu la´], skirt [yu´ pka], Jupiter [yu p’i´t’ir], briskness [yu ´rkas’t’];
• at the beginning of the word "E" and "I" only under stress *:
  • - spruce [ye´ l '], I go [ye´ f: y], huntsman [ye´ g'ir '], eunuch [ye´ vnuh];
  • - yacht [ya´ hta], anchor [ya´ kar’], yaki [ya´ ki], apple [ya´ blaka];
  • (*to perform sound-literal analysis of unstressed vowels “E” and “I”, a different phonetic transcription is used, see below);
• in the position immediately after the vowel "Yo" and "Yu" always. But "E" and "I" in stressed and unstressed syllables, except when the indicated letters are located behind the vowel in the 1st pre-stressed syllable or in the 1st, 2nd stressed syllable in the middle of words. Phonetic analysis online and examples for specific cases:
  • - reception mnik [pr’iyo´mn’ik], sing t [payo´t], kluyo t [kl’uyo ´t];
  • -ay rveda [ayu r’v’e´da], sing t [payu ´t], melt [ta´yu t], cabin [kayu ´ta],
• after the separating solid “b” sign “Yo” and “Yu” - always, and “E” and “I” only under stress or at the absolute end of the word: - volume [ab yo´m], shooting [syo´mka], adjutant [adyu "ta´nt]
• after the dividing soft "b" sign "Yo" and "Yu" - always, and "E" and "I" under stress or at the absolute end of the word: - interview [intyrv'yu´], trees [d'ir'e´ v'ya], friends [druz'ya´], brothers [bra´t'ya], monkey [ab'iz'ya´ na], blizzard [v'yu´ ha], family [s'em'ya´ ]

As you can see, in the phonemic system of the Russian language, stresses are of decisive importance. Vowels in unstressed syllables undergo the greatest reduction. Let's continue the literal analysis of the remaining iotized sounds and see how they can still change their characteristics depending on the environment in the words.

◊ Unstressed vowels"E" and "I" denote two sounds and in phonetic transcription and are written as [YI]:

• at the very beginning of a word:
  • - unity [yi d'in'e´n'i'ye], spruce [yilo´vy], blackberry [yizhiv'i´ka], his [yivo´], egoza [yigaza´], Yenisei [yin'is 'e´y], Egypt [yig'i´p'it];
  • - January [yi nva´rsky], core [yidro´], sting [yiz'v'i´t'], label [yirly´k], Japan [yipo´n'iya], lamb [yign'o´nak ];
  • (The only exceptions are rare foreign word forms and names: Caucasoid [ye wrap’io´idnaya], Eugene [ye] vge´niy, European [ye wrap’e´yits], diocese [ye] pa´rchia, etc.).
• immediately after a vowel in the 1st pre-stressed syllable or in the 1st, 2nd stressed syllable, except for the location at the absolute end of the word.
  • in a timely manner [piles vr'e´m'ina], trains [payi zda´], let's eat [payi d'i´m], run into [nayi zh: a´t '], Belgian [b'il'g'i´ yi c], students [uch'a´shch'iyi s'a], sentences [pr'idlazhe´n'iyi m'i], vanity [suyi ta´],
  • bark [la´yi t '], pendulum [ma´yi tn'ik], hare [za´yi ts], belt [po´yi s], declare [zai v'i´t '], I will manifest [prayi in 'l'u´]
• after a separating hard "b" or soft "b" sign: - intoxicates [p'yi n'i´t], express [izyi v'i´t'], announcement [abyi vl'e´n'iye], edible [sii do´bny].

Note: The St. Petersburg phonological school is characterized by "ekanye", while the Moscow school has "hiccups". Previously, the yottered "Yo" was pronounced with a more accentuated "ye". With the change of capitals, performing sound-letter analysis, they adhere to Moscow standards in orthoepy.

Some people in fluent speech pronounce the vowel "I" in the same way in syllables with a strong and weak position. This pronunciation is considered a dialect and is not literary. Remember, the vowel “I” under stress and without stress is pronounced differently: fair [ya ´marka], but egg [yi ytso´].

Important:

The letter "I" after the soft sign "b" also represents 2 sounds - [YI] in sound-letter analysis. (This rule is relevant for syllables in both strong and weak positions). Let's conduct a sample of sound-letter online analysis: - nightingales [salav'yi´], on chicken legs [on ku´r'yi' x "no´shkakh], rabbit [cro´l'ich'yi], no family [with "im 'yi´], judges [su´d'yi], draws [n'ich'yi´], streams [ruch'yi´], foxes [li´s'yi] But: The vowel "O" after a soft sign "b" is transcribed as an apostrophe of softness ['] of the preceding consonant and [O], although when pronouncing the phoneme, iotization can be heard: broth [bul'o´n], pavillo n [pav'il'o´n], similarly: postman n , champignon n, shigno n, companion n, medallion n, battalion n, guillotina, carmagno la, mignon n and others.

Phonetic analysis of words, when the vowels "Yu" "E" "Yo" "I" form 1 sound

According to the rules of phonetics of the Russian language, at a certain position in words, the indicated letters give one sound when:

• sound units "Yo" "Yu" "E" are under stress after an unpaired consonant in hardness: w, w, c. Then they denote phonemes:
  • yo - [o],
  • e - [e],
  • yu - [y].
  Examples of online parsing by sounds: yellow [zhe´ lty], silk [sho´ lk], whole [tse´ ly], recipe [r'ice´ pt], pearls [zhe´ mch'uk], six [she´ st '], hornet [she´ rshen'], parachute [parashu´ t];
• The letters "I" "Yu" "E" "Yo" and "I" denote the softness of the preceding consonant [']. Exception only for: [w], [w], [c]. In such cases in a striking position they form one vowel sound:
  • ё - [o]: voucher [put'o´ fka], light [l'o´ hk'y], honey agaric [ap'o´ nak], actor [act'o´ r], child [r'ib' o´ nak];
  • e - [e]: seal [t'ul'e´ n '], mirror [z'e´ rkala], smarter [smart'e´ ye], conveyor [kanv'e´ yir];
  • i - [a]: kittens [kat'a´ ta], softly [m'a´ hka], oath [kl'a´ tva], took [vz'a´ l], mattress [t'u f'a ´ k], swan [l'ib'a´ zhy];
  • yu - [y]: beak [kl'u´ f], people [l'u´ d'am], gateway [shl'u´ s], tulle [t'u´ l'], suit [kas't 'mind].
  • Note: in words borrowed from other languages, the stressed vowel "E" does not always signal the softness of the previous consonant. This positional softening ceased to be a mandatory norm in Russian phonetics only in the 20th century. In such cases, when you do phonetic analysis by composition, such a vowel sound is transcribed as [e] without the preceding softness apostrophe: hotel [ate´ l '], strap [br'ite´ l'ka], test [te´ st] , tennis [te´ n: is], cafe [cafe´], puree [p'ure´], amber [ambre´], delta [de´ l'ta], tender [te´ nder], masterpiece [shede´ vr], tablet [tablet´ t].
• Attention! After soft consonants in prestressed syllables the vowels "E" and "I" undergo a qualitative reduction and are transformed into the sound [i] (excl. for [c], [g], [w]). Examples of phonetic parsing of words with similar phonemes: - grain [z'i rno´], earth [z'i ml'a´], cheerful [v'i s'o´ly], ringing [z'v 'and n'i´t], forest [l'and snowy], blizzard [m'i t'e´l'itsa], feather [n'i ro´], brought [pr' in'i sla´], knit [v'i za´t'], lay down [l'i ga´t'], five grater [n'i t'o´rka]

Phonetic analysis: consonant sounds of the Russian language

There is an absolute majority of consonants in Russian. When pronouncing a consonant sound, the air flow encounters obstacles. They are formed by organs of articulation: teeth, tongue, palate, vibrations of the vocal cords, lips. Due to this, noise, hissing, whistling or sonority occurs in the voice.

How many consonant sounds are there in Russian speech?

In the alphabet for their designation is used 21 letters. However, performing a sound-letter analysis, you will find that in Russian phonetics consonants more, namely - 36.

Sound-letter analysis: what are consonant sounds?

In our language, consonants are:

• hard - soft and form the corresponding pairs:
  • [b] - [b ’]: b anan - b tree,
  • [in] - [in ’]: in height - in June,
  • [g] - [g ’]: city - duke,
  • [d] - [d ']: dacha - d elfin,
  • [h] - [h ’]: z won - z ether,
  • [k] - [k ’]: to onfeta - to engur,
  • [l] - [l ’]: l odka - l lux,
  • [m] - [m ’]: magic - dreams,
  • [n] - [n ’]: new - n ectar,
  • [n] - [n ’]: n alma-p yosik,
  • [p] - [p ’]: r chamomile - r poison,
  • [s] - [s ’]: with uvenir - with a surprise,
  • [t] - [t ’]: t uchka - t tulip,
  • [f] - [f ’]: flag flag - February,
  • [x] - [x ’]: x orek - x hunter.
• Certain consonants do not have a hardness-softness pair. Unpaired include:
  • sounds [g], [c], [w] - always solid (life, cycle, mouse);
  • [h ’], [u’] and [y ’] are always soft (daughter, more often, yours).
• The sounds [w], [h ’], [w], [u’] in our language are called hissing.

A consonant can be voiced - deaf, as well as sonorous and noisy.

You can determine the sonority-deafness or sonority of a consonant by the degree of noise-voice. These characteristics will vary depending on the method of formation and participation of the organs of articulation.

• Sonorants (l, m, n, p, d) are the most sonorous phonemes, they hear a maximum of voice and a little noise: lion, paradise, zero.
• If, during the pronunciation of a word, both a voice and noise are formed during the sound analysis, then you have a voiced consonant (g, b, s, etc.): factory, b people, life from n.
• When pronouncing deaf consonants (p, s, t, and others), the vocal cords do not tense, only noise is emitted: stack a, chip a, k ost yum, circus, sew up.

Note: In phonetics, consonant sound units also have a division according to the nature of formation: a bow (b, p, d, t) - a gap (g, w, h, s) and the method of articulation: labial-labial (b, p, m) , labio-dental (f, c), anterior lingual (t, d, h, s, c, f, w, u, h, n, l, r), middle lingual (d), posterior lingual (k, d, x) . The names are given based on the organs of articulation that are involved in sound production.

Hint: If you are just starting to practice phonetic parsing, try placing your hands over your ears and pronouncing the phoneme. If you managed to hear a voice, then the sound being studied is a voiced consonant, but if noise is heard, then it is deaf.

Hint: For associative communication, remember the phrases: “Oh, we didn’t forget a friend.” - this sentence contains absolutely the entire set of voiced consonants (excluding softness-hardness pairs). “Styopka, do you want to eat cabbage soup? - Fi! - similarly, these replicas contain a set of all voiceless consonants.

Positional changes of consonant sounds in Russian

The consonant sound, like the vowel, undergoes changes. The same letter can phonetically denote a different sound, depending on the position it occupies. In the flow of speech, the sound of one consonant is likened to the articulation of a nearby consonant. This effect facilitates pronunciation and is called assimilation in phonetics.

Positional stun/voicing

In a certain position for consonants, the phonetic law of assimilation by deafness-voicedness operates. The voiced double consonant is replaced by a voiceless one:

• at the absolute end of the phonetic word: but [no´sh], snow [s’n’e´k], garden [agaro´t], club [club´p];
• before deaf consonants: forget-me-not a [n’izabu´t ka], hug [aph wat’i´t’], Tuesday [ft o´rn’ik], tube a [corpse a].
• making sound letter parsing online, you will notice that a voiceless double consonant standing before a voiced one (except for [d'], [v] - [v'], [l] - [l'], [m] - [m'] , [n] - [n '], [r] - [r ']) is also voiced, that is, it is replaced by its voiced pair: surrender [zda´ch'a], mowing [kaz'ba´], threshing [malad 'ba´], request [pro´z'ba], guess [adgada´t'].

In Russian phonetics, a deaf noisy consonant does not combine with a subsequent voiced noisy consonant, except for the sounds [v] - [v’]: whipped cream. In this case, the transcription of both the phoneme [h] and [s] is equally acceptable.

When parsing by the sounds of words: total, today, today, etc., the letter "G" is replaced by the phoneme [v].

According to the rules of sound-letter analysis, in the endings of the "-th", "-his" names of adjectives, participles and pronouns, the consonant "G" is transcribed as a sound [v]: red [kra´snava], blue [s'i´n'iva] , white [b'e'lava], sharp, full, former, that, this, whom. If, after assimilation, two consonants of the same type are formed, they merge. In the school program on phonetics, this process is called contraction of consonants: separate [ad: 'il'i´t'] → the letters "T" and "D" are reduced to sounds [d'd'], silent smart [b'ish: u ´many]. When parsing by composition, a number of words in sound-letter analysis dissimilation is observed - the process is the opposite of assimilation. In this case, the common feature of the two adjacent consonants changes: the combination “GK” sounds like [hk] (instead of the standard [kk]): light [l'o′h'k'y], soft [m'a′h' k'iy].

Soft consonants in Russian

In the phonetic parsing scheme, the apostrophe ['] is used to indicate the softness of consonants.

• Softening of paired hard consonants occurs before "b";
• the softness of the consonant sound in the syllable in the letter will help determine the vowel that follows it (e, e, i, u, i);
• [u’], [h’] and [th] are only soft by default;
• the sound [n] always softens before the soft consonants “Z”, “S”, “D”, “T”: claim [pr'iten'z 'iya], review [r'icen'z 'iya], pension [pen 's' iya], ve [n'z '] spruce, face [n'z '] iya, ka [n'd '] idat, ba [n'd '] um, and [n'd '] ivid , blo[n'd'] in, stipe[n'd'] ia, ba[n't'] ik, wi[n't'] ik, zo[n't'] ik, ve[n' t '] il, a [n't '] personal, co[n't '] text, remo[n't '] to edit;
• the letters "H", "K", "P" during phonetic analyzes in composition can be softened before soft sounds[h '], [u ']: glass ik [staka'n'ch'ik], changer ik [sm'e'n'sh'ik], donut ik [on'n'ch'ik], mason ik [kam'e′n'shch'ik], boulevard ina [bul'va′r'shch'ina], borscht [bo′r'shch'];
• often the sounds [h], [s], [r], [n] in front of a soft consonant undergo assimilation in terms of hardness-softness: wall [s't'e'nka], life [zhyz'n'], here [ z'd'es'];
• in order to correctly perform sound-literal analysis, consider the words of exception when the consonant [r] before soft teeth and lips, as well as before [h ’], [u’] is pronounced firmly: artel, feed, cornet, samovar;

Note: the letter "b" after a consonant unpaired in hardness / softness in some word forms performs only a grammatical function and does not impose a phonetic load: study, night, mouse, rye, etc. In such words, during literal analysis, a [-] dash is placed in square brackets opposite the letter “b”.

Positional changes in paired voiced-voiced consonants before sibilant consonants and their transcription in sound-letter parsing

To determine the number of sounds in a word, it is necessary to take into account their positional changes. Paired voiced-voiced: [d-t] or [s-s] before hissing (w, w, u, h) are phonetically replaced by a hissing consonant.

• Letter analysis and examples of words with hissing sounds: visitor [pr'iye´zhzh y], ascension [your e´stv'iye], izzhelta [i´zhzh elta], take pity [zhzh a´l'its: a].

The phenomenon when two different letters are pronounced as one is called complete assimilation in all respects. Performing sound-letter parsing of a word, you should designate one of the repeated sounds in transcription with the longitude symbol [:].

• Letter combinations with hissing "szh" - "zzh", are pronounced as a double solid consonant [zh:], and "ssh" - "zsh" - like [w:]: squeezed, sewn, without a tire, climbed.
• The combinations "zh", "zhzh" inside the root during sound-letter analysis is recorded in transcription as a long consonant [zh:]: I drive, squeal, later, reins, yeast, burnt.
• The combinations "sch", "sch" at the junction of the root and the suffix / prefix are ​​pronounced as a long soft [u':]: account [u': o´t], scribe, customer.
• At the junction of the preposition with the next word in place "sch", "zch" is transcribed as [sch'h']: without a number [b'esch' h' isla´], with something [sch'ch' em mta] .
• With a sound-letter analysis, the combinations "tch", "dch" at the junction of morphemes are defined as double soft [h ':]: pilot [l'o´ch': ik], young man ik [little´h ': ik], report ot [ah': o´t].

Cheat sheet for likening consonants at the place of formation

• mid → [u':]: happiness [u': a´s't'ye], sandstone [n'isch': a´n'ik], peddler [razno´sh': ik], cobbled, calculations, exhaust, clear;
• zch → [u’:]: carver [r’e´shch’: hic], loader [gru´shch’: hic], storyteller [raska´shch’: hic];
• ZhCh → [u’:]: defector [p’ir’ibe´ u’: ik], man [mush’: i´na];
• shh → [u’:]: freckled [v’isnu′shch’: common];
• stch → [u’:]: tougher [zho´shch’: e], whip, rigger;
• zdch → [u’:]: traverser [abye´shch’: ik], furrowed [baro´shch’: whit];
• ss → [u’:]: split [rasch’: ip’i′t ’], generous [rasch’: e′dr’ils’a];
• van → [h'sh']: split off [ach'sh' ip'i′t'], snap off [ach'sh' o'lk'ivat'], in vain [h'sh' etna], carefully [h' sh'at'el'na];
• tch → [h ':] : report [ah ': o't], homeland [ah ': izna], ciliated [r'is'n'i'ch ': i'ty];
• dh → [h’:] : underline [patch’: o’rk’ivat’], stepdaughter [pach’: ir’itsa];
• szh → [zh:]: compress [zh: a´t '];
• zzh → [zh:]: get rid of [izh: y´t '], ignition [ro´zh: yk], leave [uyizh: a´t '];
• ssh → [sh:]: bringing [pr’in’o′sh: th], embroidered [rash: y´ty];
• zsh → [w:] : inferior [n'ish: y'y]
• th → [pcs], in word forms with “what” and its derivatives, making a sound-literal analysis, we write [pcs]: so that [pcs about′by], ​​not for anything [n'e′ zasht a], anything [ sht o n'ibut'], something;
• thu → [h't] in other cases of literal parsing: dreamer [m'ich't a´t'il'], mail [po´ch't a], preference [pr'itpach't 'e´n' ie] and so on;
• ch → [shn] in exception words: of course [kan'e´shn a′], boring [sku´shn a′], bakery, laundry, scrambled eggs, trifling, birdhouse, bachelorette party, mustard plaster, rag, and also in female patronymics ending in "-ichna": Ilyinichna, Nikitichna, Kuzminichna, etc.;
• ch → [ch'n] - literal analysis for all other options: fabulous [fairytale'n], country [yes'ch'n], strawberry [z'im'l'in'i´ch'n th], wake up, cloudy, sunny, etc.;
• !zhd → in place of the letter combination “zhd”, a double pronunciation and transcription [u ’] or [pcs ’] in the word rain and in the word forms formed from it: rainy, rainy.

Unpronounceable consonants in the words of the Russian language

During the pronunciation of a whole phonetic word with a chain of many different consonant letters, one or another sound may be lost. As a result, in the orthograms of words there are letters devoid of sound meaning, the so-called unpronounceable consonants. To correctly perform phonetic analysis online, the unpronounceable consonant is not displayed in the transcription. The number of sounds in such phonetic words will be less than letters.

In Russian phonetics, unpronounceable consonants include:

• "T" - in combinations:
  • stn → [sn]: local [m’e´sny], reed [tras’n ’i´k]. By analogy, you can perform a phonetic analysis of the words ladder, honest, famous, joyful, sad, participant, messenger, rainy, furious and others;
  • stl → [sl]: happy [w’: asl ’and’vy "], happy ivchik, conscientious, boastful (exception words: bony and spread, the letter “T” is pronounced in them);
  • ntsk → [nsk]: gigantic [g’iga´nsk ’y], agency, presidential;
  • sts → [s:]: sixs from [shes: o´t], eat up I [vzye´s: a], swear I [kl’a´s: a];
  • sts → [s:] : tourist cue [tur'i´s: k'iy], maximalist cue [max'imal'i´s: k'iy], racist cue [ras'i´s: k'iy] , bestseller, propaganda, expressionist, hindu, careerist;
  • ntg → [ng]: roentgen en [r'eng 'e´n];
  • “-tsya”, “-tsya” → [c:] in verb endings: smile [smile´ts: a], wash [we´ts: a], look, fit, bow, shave, fit;
  • ts → [ts] for adjectives in combinations at the junction of the root and the suffix: children's [d'e'ts k'y], fraternal [brother's];
  • ts → [ts:] / [tss]: athlete men [sparts: m’e´n], send [acs yla´t ’];
  • ts → [ts:] at the junction of morphemes during phonetic analysis online is written as a long “ts”: bratts a [bra´ts: a], ottsepit [atz: yp'i´t'], to father u [katz: y'];
• "D" - when parsing by sounds in the following letter combinations:
  • zdn → [zn]: late [po´z'n' y], starry [z'v'o´zn y], holiday [pra′z'n 'ik], gratuitous [b'izvazm' e′zn y];
  • ndsh → [nsh]: mundsh tuk [munsh tu´k], landsh aft [lansh a´ft];
  • ndsk → [nsk]: Dutch [gala´nsk ’y], Thai [taila´nsk ’y], Norman y [narm´nsk ’y];
  • zdts → [sts]: under the bridles [pad sts s´];
  • nds → [nc]: Dutch s [gala´nts s];
  • rdts → [rc]: heart [s’e´rts e], evina’s heart [s’irts yv’i´na];
  • rdch → [rch "]: heart-ishko [s’erch ’i´shka];
  • dts → [ts:] at the junction of morphemes, less often in roots, are pronounced and when parsing the word it is written as a double [ts]: pick up [pats: yp'i´t '], twenty [two´ts: yt '] ;
  • ds → [ts]: factory [zavats ko´y], kinship [rational tvo´], means [sr’e´ts tva], Kislovods to [k’islavo´ts k];
• "L" - in combinations:
  • sun → [nc]: sun e [so´nts e], sun state;
• "B" - in combinations:
  • vstv → [stv] literal analysis of words: hello [hello uyt'e], feelings about [h'u´stva], sensuality [h'u´stv 'inas't'], pampering about [pampering o´], virgin [d'e´st 'in: y].

Note: In some words of the Russian language, with the accumulation of consonant sounds “stk”, “ntk”, “zdk”, “ndk”, the phoneme [t] is not allowed: trip [paye´stka], daughter-in-law, typist, agenda, laboratory assistant, student , patient, bulky, Irish, Scottish.

• Two identical letters immediately after the stressed vowel are transcribed as a single sound and a longitude character [:] in literal parsing: class, bath, mass, group, program.
• Doubled consonants in pre-stressed syllables are indicated in transcription and pronounced as one sound: tunnel [tane´l '], terrace, apparatus.

If you find it difficult to perform a phonetic analysis of a word online according to the indicated rules or you have an ambiguous analysis of the word under study, use the help of a reference dictionary. The literary norms of orthoepy are regulated by the publication: “Russian literary pronunciation and stress. Dictionary - reference book. M. 1959

References:

• Litnevskaya E.I. Russian language: a short theoretical course for schoolchildren. – Moscow State University, Moscow: 2000
• Panov M.V. Russian phonetics. – Enlightenment, M.: 1967
• Beshenkova E.V., Ivanova O.E. Rules of Russian spelling with comments.
• Tutorial. - "Institute for advanced training of educators", Tambov: 2012
• Rosenthal D.E., Dzhandzhakova E.V., Kabanova N.P. A guide to spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. Russian literary pronunciation. - M .: CheRo, 1999

Now you know how to parse a word into sounds, make a sound-letter analysis of each syllable and determine their number. The described rules explain the laws of phonetics in the format school curriculum. They will help you phonetically characterize any letter.

Ekaterina Shchelokova
Synopsis of GCD on teaching literacy for children of the preparatory group for school. Sound analysis the words "geese"

Synopsis of GCD on teaching literacy for children of the preparatory group for school Topic: Sound analysis of the word

Target:

Create conditions to master the basics diplomas

Tasks:

Development sound analysis of words

Development of ideas about vowels sounds

Development of the ability to distinguish vowels sounds from consonants

Education ability to draw lines

Material for the lesson: red and blue chips, pencils, workbooks, prize chips.

Lesson plan

I. Organizational moment

II. Main part

Di "Who is attentive?"

Sound analysis of the word

Di "Which the sound got lost?»

Di "Chain of Owls"

III. Work in a notebook

IV. Summary of the lesson

Lesson progress

Good morning friends!

The day has come beautiful

Because it has you and me!

Let's start our lesson with a smile, because it's always nice to communicate with a cheerful, friendly person. Smile to each other, from smiles it will become more comfortable and warmer for all of us! I am glad to welcome you.

Immersion in the topic of the lesson

Today we have a lesson literacy. In class, we will learn how to word analysis, play games.

What are sounds? (vowels and consonants)

How to pronounce vowels sounds? (voice, they can be loudly shouted, sung)

What vowels sounds you know? (a, o, u, uh, s, and)

What chip denotes a vowel sound? (red)

How to pronounce consonants sounds? (on exhalation, while teeth, tongue are obstructed in the mouth)

What chip denotes a consonant sound? (blue chip)

A game "Who is attentive?"

I'll call the words, and you'll guess which sound begins word. If a word starts with a vowel sound, show a red chip, if it is a consonant - a blue chip.

The words: needle, nose, duck, heron, watermelon, bread, cloud, doll, excavator, snow.

Children show the corresponding chip.

Sound analysis of the word« geese» , "time"

Today we will analyze word what do you know after you solve the riddle

They laughed - they laughed

And from laughter they fell into the pond!

And they swam dexterously

They have a knack.

Never cowardly

Bullies….

(geese)

On the board - a picture of an elephant, one child works at the board, the rest - in the field.

Say it word geese which is heard first sound? (-G-)

Is it a consonant or a vowel sound? (consonant)

What is the symbol for? (blue) We put the blue chip in the first cell

What is the second one heard sound? (-y-)

This is a vowel sound, denoted by a red chip, put a red chip in the second cell.

What is the third one sound? (-with-)

This is a consonant sound, denote it with a blue chip, put it in the third cell.

What is the fourth sound? (-and-)

This is a vowel sound, denoted by a red chip, put the chip in the fourth cell.

How much sounds in the word elephant? (4)

How many consonants sounds in the word elephant? (2)

How many vowels sounds in the word elephant? (2)

How many syllables? (2)

how much rule there are so many syllables in the word of vowels.

When word parsed, children remove the chips under the dictation of the teacher.

Remove the first hard consonant, the first vowel, the second consonant. Which the sound remains? (second vowel -i-)

Fizminutka

A game "Which the sound got lost?»

Misha did not cut firewood,

Pechku with caps (slivers) drowned.

In which word got lost sound? (in word caps)

Speak: Splinter caps

A game "Chain words»

I call the word bow and you invent word, which starts with the last sound words bow, for example a cat.

For each correct answer, you get a chip.

Work in a notebook

I will open my notebook

And with an inclination I will put

I won't hide my friends from you

I'm holding the pencil like this.

I will not sit straight,

I'll take the job.

Pay attention to seating at the table. Children should sit straight, without touching the table with their chests, with their heads tilted slightly to the left; feet should be on the floor, hands should lie on the table so that the elbow of the right hand protrudes beyond the edge of the table, and the left hand holds the notebook.

The pencil should lie on the middle finger, the thumb holds the pencil, and the index finger rests lightly on top. (distance from the tip of the rod is 1.5cm) and governs from above. The left hand moves the notebook up as the page fills.

Starting from the direction of the arrow, trace the outline of the elephant and finish by bringing it to the beginning of the arrow.

Then we start hatching the legs from the direction of the arrow - horizontally from left to right, we also hatch the trunk with horizontal lines from left to right. The body of the elephant is made with straight vertical arrows. The distance between the lines should be the same. Show on the diagram.

We write a diagram under the contour the words

Summary of the lesson

What did we do in class? What was the most difficult part of the lesson for you?

Related publications:

Purpose: to generalize the knowledge acquired earlier in children. Tasks: - educational: to generalize and systematize children's knowledge about sounds: syllabic.

Summary of the GCD for children of the preparatory group for school "Mathematical journey through the fairy tale" Geese-swans " Goal: Develop processes logical thinking, visual and auditory perception, voluntary attention, memory and speech of children. Educational:.

Synopsis of GCD on teaching literacy "Sound analysis of the word" Forest " Integration of educational areas: "Artistic and aesthetic", "Physical development", " Speech development", "Cognitive development",.

Synopsis of the GCD on preparing for teaching literacy to preschool children based on the fairy tale "Geese Swans" Summary of GCD for educational field"Speech development" (section "Preparation for literacy of children preschool age) …” Integration.

Synopsis of the GCD on teaching literacy for children of the preparatory school group "In the realm of letters" Summary of GCD on teaching literacy for children of the preparatory group for school: "In the realm of letters." Program content: improve.

As soon as parents begin to think about how to teach their child reading skills, in addition to letters and syllables, the concept of “sound analysis of the word” appears. However, not everyone understands why it is necessary to teach a child who cannot read to do it, because this can only cause confusion. But, as it turns out, the ability to write correctly in the future depends on the ability to correctly understand words into sounds.

Sound analysis of the word: what is it

First of all, it is necessary to give a definition. So, the sound analysis of a word is the definition in order of their placement of sounds in a particular word and the characteristics of their features.

Why do children need to learn to perform sound analysis of a word? To develop phonemic hearing, that is, the ability to clearly distinguish sounding sounds and not confuse words, for example: Tim - Dima. After all, if a child is not taught to clearly distinguish words by ear, he will not be able to write them down correctly. And this skill can be useful not only when studying the grammar of the native language, but also when studying the languages ​​of other countries.

The order of parsing a word by sounds

When performing a sound analysis of any word, it is necessary first of all to put stress, then divide it into syllables. Then find out how many letters are in the word and how many sounds. The next step is to gradually analyze each sound. After that, it is calculated how many vowels and how many consonants are in the analyzed word. At first, it is better for children to give simple one-syllable or two-syllable words for analysis, for example, their names: Vanya, Katya, Anya and others.

When the child has gradually figured out how to correctly analyze simple examples, it is worth complicating the parsed examples of words.

Sound analysis of the word: scheme

When working with the youngest children, special colored cards are used to better assimilate information.

With their help, children learn to create a sound analysis scheme.

The scarlet color card is used to represent vowel sounds. Blue - hard consonants, green - soft. To designate syllables, two-color cards in the same color scheme are used. With their help, you can teach your child to characterize sounds and whole syllables. You also need a card to indicate stress and a card showing the division of the word into syllables. All these designations, which help teach a child to make a sound analysis of a word (the scheme plays an important role in this), are approved by the official school curriculum Russia.

Vowels are their brief description. diphthongs

Before starting to analyze a word, it is important to know what features all phonetic sounds (vowels / consonants) have. When teaching children in the early stages, it is necessary to give information only about the most simple properties, everything else the child will learn in high school.

Vowels (there are six of them: [o], [a], [e], [s], [y], [and]) are stressed / unstressed.
Also in Russian there are letters that in a certain position can give a couple of sounds - e [yo], yu [yu], i [ya], e [ye].

If they follow consonants, they sound like one sound and give softness to the previous sound. In other positions (the beginning of the word, after the vowels and "b" and "b") they sound like 2 sounds.

Brief description of consonants

There are thirty-six consonants in our language, but only twenty-one signs represent them graphically. Consonants are hard and soft, as well as voiced and deaf. Also, they may / may not form pairs.

The table below lists voiced and unvoiced sounds that can pair, and those that do not.

It is worth remembering: the consonants [y`], [h`], [u`] in any position are soft, and the consonants [g], [c], [w] are always hard. Sounds [c], [x], [h `], [u`] - absolutely always are deaf, [m], [n], [l], [r], [d `] - (sonorous) or voiced .

Soft and hard signs do not make sounds. The soft sign makes the previous consonant soft, and the hard sign plays the role of a sound separator (for example, an apostrophe plays a similar role in Ukrainian).

Examples of sound analysis of words: "language" and "group"

Having dealt with the theory, it is worth trying to practice.

For example, you can conduct a sound analysis of the word "language". This word is quite simple, and even a beginner can understand it.

1) In this example, two syllables "I-language". 2 syllable is stressed
2) The first syllable is formed using the diphthong "I", which is at the beginning of the word, and therefore consists of 2 sounds [y'a]. The sound [y`] is a consonant (accord.), soft (soft) (green card), the second sound [a] is a vowel, unstressed (scarlet card). To designate this syllable in the scheme, you can also take a two-color green-red card.

4) Syllable 2 "language". It consists of three sounds [h], [s], [k]. Consonant [h] - solid, voiced (blue card). Sound [s] - vowel, stressed (red card). Sound [k] - acc., solid, deaf. (card in blue).
5) Stress is placed and checked by changing the analyzed word.
6) So in the word "language" there are two syllables, four letters and five sounds.

It is worth considering one point: in this example, the word "language" was understood as for first-grade students who do not yet know that some vowels in an unstressed position can give other sounds. In high school, when students deepen their knowledge of phonetics, they will learn that in the word "language" unstressed [a] is pronounced like [and] - [yizyk].

Sound analysis of the word "group".

1) In the analyzed example, there are 2 syllables: “group-ppa”. 1 syllable is stressed.
2) The syllable "gru" consists of three sounds [gru]. The first [g] - acc., solid., ringing. (card in blue). Sound [r] - acc., solid., ringing. (card in blue). Sound [y] - vowel, percussion. (scarlet card).
3) A card is placed in the scheme, indicating the division of syllables.
4) There are three letters in the second syllable "ppa", but they produce only 2 sounds [n: a]. Sound [p:] - acc., solid, deaf. (card in blue). It is also paired and pronounced long (blue card). Sound [a] - vowel, unstressed (scarlet card).
5) Emphasis is placed in the scheme.
6) So, the word "group" consists of 2 syllables, six letters and five sounds.

The ability to do the simplest sound analysis of a word is not something complicated, in fact it is a rather simple process, but a lot depends on it, especially if the child has problems with diction. If you figure out how to do it correctly, it will help you pronounce words in your native language without errors and will contribute to the development of the ability to write them correctly.

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Lesson Objectives:

• familiarity with the letter K, k; reading syllables and words with this letter;
• improving the ability to read words with a confluence of vowels and consonants;
• observation of the polysemy of the word; classification of a word by meaning;
• acquaintance with circus legends;
• development of speech, attention, thinking, phonemic hearing;
• maintaining a positive attitude towards the reading lesson through its entertaining nature.

During the classes

Organizing time

There is such a proverb: “Time for business, hour for fun”, which teaches that more time and attention should be given to business than to fun and entertainment. But today in the lesson you will not only learn a lot of new and interesting things, but also visit one of the most beloved children's entertainment facilities.

Reproduction and correction of knowledge, skills and abilities of students

Read the vowels we have learned.

Name the vowels that denote the hardness of consonants. Name the vowel that denotes the softness of consonants.

Read the letters that represent consonant sounds.

Let's read the syllables with the studied letters.

Knowledge update

Guess the riddle:

Everyone is looking in the middle
In the middle - magic:
There an eccentric bunny took out
From your pocket.
There's a dancer under the dome
She flew away like a tit.
The dogs were dancing...
Of course you have been there.

That's right, it's a circus. Who has been to the circus? What did you especially like? Today we received an invitation to the circus from the cheerful Petrushka.

Guys, the circus is fun, it's fun, but you and I do not forget about the main thing in the lesson, this is gaining knowledge.

Message of the purpose of the lesson:

Today in the lesson, our task is to get acquainted with a new letter, learn to find it in words, read words and sentences with it. And our assistants in this matter will be circus performers.

Learning new material

Work on the ABC on p.86.

Who performs in the circus arena? What is unusual about a circus costume? How to say more precisely what the clown has on his head: a hat, a cap, a cap, a cap?

Sound analysis of the words "clown", "cap". Isolation of sounds [k], [k "] and their characteristics.

What sound does the word "clown" begin with? That's right, sound [k].

Describe this sound: vowel or consonant, hard or soft?

What sound does the word "cap" begin with? That's right, the sound [to "].

Introduction to the letter K.

The hard consonant sound [k] and the soft consonant sound [k"] are denoted by the letter K in writing.

Consider funny pictures that tell us what the letter K looks like.

Work on the ABC on p.86

Analysis of patterns of words "clown" and "cap". What sounds in these words are indicated by the new letter?

Reading syllables with the letter K.

Reading syllables according to the ABC on p.86.

Primary consolidation of new knowledge

Listen to the poem:

The saucers are flying!
Saucers fly -
Deep, shallow
A whole flock.
Fly like birds
And jump like squirrels.
The plates are flying!
The saucers are flying!
And who among you knows
Who can guess:
Who are these plates
Does it make you fly?
For those who answer
Couldn't until now
I'll tell you a secret
What is a juggler.

So, answer, who is a juggler? Yes, guys, a juggler is a circus performer.

Juggling with syllables and words.

Who wants to try juggling? I suggest you juggle not with balls, but with syllables and words. Just do not lose the balls - everything that is written is read correctly.

And now we will juggle in pairs. Try to make as many words as possible with these syllables.

Work in pairs.

Try to make words from syllables in pairs.

Let's check what words you got. When a word is formed, the balls turn into flowers.

Listen to the poem:

Who gets out of the hat
A hare to everyone's surprise?
This magician gives
Performance in the circus.

Tricks with words.

• bones - brushes
• daksa - taxi

What did the magician change in the words? What happened to the meaning of the word. Explain what each word means.

Consolidation of the studied

Who is the funniest in the circus? That's right, clown.

Listen to the poem that the clown who came to our lesson will tell:

I am a clown!
I will hurry to the audience.
I am a clown!
I will make the audience laugh.
- Hey clown! See
what a slob he is!
What a funny clown's hat!
- And a nose like a potato!
- And ears like pears!
- And cheeks like bowls!
- And a bow on top!
Please laugh
And scream louder
And all over me laugh to tears!
Let your tears
They are pouring with laughter!
I really love
when people laugh.
Ekaterina Karganova

Examination of photographs depicting the clowns Pencil, Yuri Nikulin, Oleg Popov.

Today in the lesson I will introduce you to the clowns, who were the most famous artists in our country.

This clown in the circus was called Pencil. He was small in stature, he always performed in a black suit and a hat “pie”. His constant companion in the circus arena was a small black dog.

Clown Yuri Nikulin could be seen not only in the circus, but also in comedy films. Yuri Nikulin was a very cheerful person. He joked even when he gave interviews, i.e. answered questions from reporters and viewers. Listen to one such interview:

“- Dear Yuri Nikulin! Do you have fun when you perform in the circus?

When I see that everyone is having fun, it makes me happy too. I rejoice. Therefore, it turns out that we rejoice together.

What if your leg hurts?

Which leg is right or left?

Then one right foot rejoices.”

Which famous clown wore a big plaid cap? That's right, Oleg Popov.

And now we will read the text about these clowns.

What did you learn about clowns?

What do you think, and what clowns do not exist?

Clown Red,
Clown White,
Clown coward
And a brave clown
Clown Bom
And Beam the Clown
clown may
Be anyone.
For their tricks
staring,
We scream:
"Blimey!"...
Only the villain clown
Never happens!
Lev Yakovlev

Exercise “Add syllables”

Guess which syllables need to be added to make new words.

...neither	(ko)
soba...	(ki)
cat...	(ki)

What kind of animals are shown on the slide. That's right, circus animals.

Solve the riddle.

Waving a wand -
The predators are dancing.
Frowning face -
The lion will jump into the ring.
What is he, a regulator?
No, it's... (trainer)

Who can train these circus performers?

What is the name of the famous cat trainer?

Yuri Kuklachev created the world's only theater of cats, which is called "Cat's House". Yuri Kuklachev is the founder of the educational project "International Association School of Kindness". In addition to performances with cats, he regularly conducts "Lessons of Kindness" in schools in our country.

Think about the difference between the words "cat" and "pussy". To do this, we perform a sound analysis of these words. (The same number of sounds, the same number of syllables, the stress in both words falls on the second syllable. They differ in the first sound)

So, what is the first sound in the word "cat"? [to]? What is the first sound in the word “kiska” [k "]? What letter in the letter denotes the sounds [k], [k"]?

And in the arena again a magician who turns one word into another. You must read these words and answer the question, why did the word change?

• bones - brushes
• rollers - rabbits
• current - skating rink
• cat - whale

Consolidation of the passed

All circus actors speak quickly and clearly, without stammering. Can you do that? Let's try to quickly read tongue twisters.

The ball fell to the floor.
The cat rolled a ball.

The cat Kroshka on the window ate porridge crumbs.

In what words and in what part of the word did you meet the letter “K”?

All circus actors are very smart. Let's try and solve tricky riddles - puzzles that the clown has prepared for us.

Slide 27, 28, 29.

(Tiger, wolf, fox)

Summarizing

What letter did you learn in class? What do you know about this letter? What did you learn about circus performers? What tasks in the lesson were especially interesting?

Read the proverbs and explain what they teach?

The root of the doctrine is bitter, but the fruit is sweet.
The bird is red with the feather, and the man with the mind.

Which words contain the letter K?

Self-esteem

Guys, I ask you to evaluate your work in the lesson. Take the signal circle. Green circle: “I worked well, everything worked out for me”, yellow color - “I worked well, but I didn’t succeed. I need to be more attentive”, in red - “I need to be more active in the lesson”.

slide 31.

I really liked the way you worked. Thank you for the lesson!

Used Books.

1. Literacy education. Toolkit with lesson designs. Grade 1: a manual for teachers of educational institutions / L.F. Klimanova, S.G. Makeev; Russian Academy of Sciences, publishing house “Enlightenment”. -2nd ed. – M.: 2013. – 304 p.
2. Entertaining alphabet studies: book. For the teacher / Comp. V.V.Volina. – M.: Enlightenment. 1991. - 368 p.