Central Botanical Garden in. The main botanical garden named after N.V. Tsitsina RAS - description, history and interesting facts. Up-to-date information for tourists
Botanical Garden in Moscow (Moscow, Russia): detailed description, address and photo. Opportunities for sports and recreation, infrastructure, cafes and restaurants in the park. Reviews of tourists.
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The Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow is the largest in Europe, with the richest collection of open and closed ground plants, numbering over 17 thousand species and varieties. It was founded in 1945. Today its territory has more than 330 hectares of land.
There are only three botanical gardens in Moscow. The oldest of them was founded in 1706 by Peter I after the establishment of the Pharmaceutical Order and was used for growing medicinal herbs. The second is the botanical garden of Moscow State University on Sparrow Hills. The third, the largest, was opened in 1945 on the territory of Ostankino Park.
The main task of the Botanical Garden is the conservation of biological diversity. The arboretum of the garden is almost 2000 species of trees and shrubs from all over the world, in the expositions "Rosary", "Garden of Continuous Flowering", "Garden of Coastal Plants" and "Shadow Garden" a chic collection of flower and ornamental plants is collected, in the greenhouse there are a number of species and forms tropical and subtropical plants exceeded 6,000.
The garden is really huge. At the time of its opening, its area was 360 hectares - about twice the entire area of the Principality of Monaco.
It is, in fact, more like a park than a botanical garden. There are almost no signs with names near the plants, and visitors, despite the warnings placed around the territory, still sit on the grass, sunbathe and ride bicycles or roller skates. So, at first glance, the botanical garden is more like a wonderful place for outdoor recreation - perhaps in somewhat more exotic conditions. If you are more interested in signed and systematized rare plants, it would be wiser to go to the Apothecary Garden on Prospekt Mir for them.
The main botanical garden named after N. V. Tsitsina RAS in Moscow is the largest in Europe, you can walk or ride bicycles along it, studying the numerous plates with the names of plants.
Informative excursions are held in the garden, but you can also wander here on your own - studying the tablets with the names of plants, wandering into a dense forest, feeding squirrels, relaxing by small ponds and breathing in oxygen-saturated air atypical for the outskirts of Moscow. The only thing to keep in mind when visiting the garden is that this is not an ordinary city park, and respect for the unique flora is especially important here.
There is one pretty important point which many visitors miss. You can get to the garden both from the side of VDNKh and from the Vladykino metro station, however, if you do not bother to search detailed map before visiting, it may take you quite some time to find the entrance. It is surprisingly well hidden and, as a rule, none of the passers-by knows exactly where it is.
: / (G) (O) (I) 55.839167 , 37.600833 55°50′21″ s. sh. 37°36′03″ E d. / 55.839167° N sh. 37.600833° E d.(G) (O) (I)(T)
VDNH
52 hectares - park area
150.4 ha - exposition
52 ha - area of protected oak forest ha
Scheme of the Main Botanical Garden
A - main entrance
B - entrance from the side of the Ostankino hotel
C - entrance from the street. Komarova
D - entrance from the side of Art. metro station "Vladykino"
1 - arboretum
2 - protected oak forest
3 - rose garden
4 - shady garden
5 - garden of coastal plants
6 - garden of continuous flowering
7 - plant exposure natural flora
8 - Japanese garden
9 - exposition of cultivated plants
10 - areas of natural forest
11 - laboratory building
12 - stock greenhouse
13 - new greenhouse
Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS (Moscow)- the largest botanical garden in Europe, has the richest collections of plants representing a diverse vegetable world almost all continents and climatic zones of the globe. Founded April 14, 1945 by Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin. Living collections include 8,220 species and 8,110 plant forms and cultivars—a total of 16,330 taxa. Based on collections using modern techniques landscape architecture, botanical plant expositions have been created: natural flora of Russia, the former USSR, an arboretum, an exposition of tropical and subtropical plants, flower-decorative and cultivated plants.
Story
April 14, 1945 is considered the founding date of the Main Botanical Garden. It is located on the site of the unique natural forests of Moscow. Thanks to the scientific activity of the garden workers, fragments of the Erdenyevskaya grove as part of the Ostankino oak forest and the Leonovsky forest have been preserved. These territories are first mentioned in the chronicles of 1584. They belonged to the princes Cherkassky. In the hunting grounds of which Alexei Mikhailovich (father of Peter I) loved to hunt. Then these lands passed into the possession of the Sheremetevs, who received the "village of Ostashkovo" with the estate as a dowry of Varvara Cherkasskaya, who married Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev. Count Nikolai Sheremetev, the owner of Ostankino, turned the part of the grove closest to the estate into an English park. For which an English gardener was hired, who sought to achieve the natural character of the landscape. On the territory of the park, 5 artificial ponds were dug, which were fed by the water of the river Kamenka, one of the tributaries of the Yauza. The main tree species of the park were oak, linden and maple. And of the shrubs, hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum prevailed.
Long before the official date of foundation, there was a program to create a Botanical Garden. This is evidenced by the preliminary designs of 1940 and 1945, developed by the architect I. M. Petrov. This program existed within the framework of the general urban development plan for Moscow. According to the first draft of 1940, the northern border of the garden was to pass along the Okruzhnaya railway, and from the south - along the modern Akademika Korolev street. At the same time, capturing the territory of the entire Marfinsky complex in the west. And in the east, stretching to Prospekt Mira. According to the project of 1945, the garden was limited to Botanical Street from the west, and to the east - Agricultural Street. At the same time, the northern and southern borders remained unchanged.
By the decisions of the Moscow Council and the decisions of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, in the period from 1945 to 1969, the lands were transferred to the Main Botanical Garden, on which the main landscape and botanical expositions are currently located. In 1998, 331.49 hectares were transferred to the garden for unlimited use.
Structure
In total, the Main Botanical Garden has 13 scientific departments and laboratories, one branch, as well as one group.
Structural scientific divisions
The main botanical garden named after N. V. Tsitsina RAS in 2011
- department of flora
- department of dendrology
- department of tropical and subtropical plants
- department of ornamental plants
- department of cultivated plants
- plant protection department with quarantine service
- distant hybridization department
- laboratory herbarium
- plant physiology and biochemistry laboratory
- laboratory of plant physiology and immunity
- laboratory of landscape architecture
- plant biotechnology laboratory
- department of implementation of scientific and technical developments
- Cheboksary branch (Cheboksary Botanical Garden)
Non-structural scientific divisions
Group of Chemosystematics and Evolutionary Biochemistry of Plants
In addition, the Garden has scientific, technical, scientific support and production structural units.
Collection funds
Exposition of plants of natural flora
Six botanical and geographical expositions have been created on an area of 30 hectares: “European part of Russia”, “Caucasus”, “ middle Asia”, “Siberia”, “ Far East"and" Useful plants of natural flora ".
stock greenhouse
The stock greenhouse of the GBS RAS traditionally acts as a plant donor for collections of tropical plants in other botanical gardens in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union. The basis for this collection was received in 1947 from the Sanssussi greenhouse (Potsdam, Germany). The collection of representatives of the Orchid family consisted of 107 hybrids Paphiopedilum, 120 hybrids Cattleya and 140 orchid species of other genera, 91 of which have been preserved in the collection to this day. During recent years the collection has undergone significant changes and has been expanded and supplemented. Currently, the collection includes 1120 species, subspecies and forms of orchids from 222 genera, as well as 300 hybrids.
| On this vegetative range, owned by the Academy of Sciences, dogs feel like masters: the park is endless and almost homeless. A company of two dozen dogs is fed by pensioners walking here. Animals sleep under collectible plants and (...) make sure that people do not walk on the lawns: turning off the paved path onto the grass, visitors run the risk of hearing the menacing grunts of "voluntary environmentalists" |
Notes
Literature
- The main botanical garden named after N. V. Tsitsina - Museum of Wildlife / A. S. Demidov, Z. E. Kuzmin, V. G. Shatko. Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the study and protection of cultural and natural heritage. - M.: GEOS, 2007. - 64 p. - (Natural and cultural heritage of Moscow).
Links
The main botanical garden is a wildlife museum, a treasure trove of unique plants. The botanical garden has a huge collection of plants from all over the world. Here you can see the rarest plants that are no longer found in the wild. GBS is the largest botanical garden in Europe. It covers an area of 331.5 hectares.
April 14, 1945 is the founding date of the Main Botanical Garden. An outstanding scientist - botanist, geneticist and breeder Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin made a great contribution to the construction, development and formation. For 35 years he was the director of the garden. On December 2, 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after N.V. Tsitsina.
The garden blooms in spring and summer. At every step there are flowering bushes and trees.
I started my walk through the garden from the Vladykino metro station. Literally 3 minutes from the metro there is a small gate. I went through it. Since the territory is very large, and it’s simply not realistic to see everything in one day, I decided to take it to the right and go parallel to Botanicheskaya Street (see diagram).
At first it seems that you are in an ordinary forest park. The first feeling is that everything here has grown by itself, but this is only at first glance. Only then do you begin to understand that such naturalness is the result of the painstaking work of the garden staff. Conventionally, the garden is divided into six geographical areas: "European part of Russia", "Caucasus", "Central Asia", "Siberia", "Far East" and "Useful plants of natural flora".
Not far from the entrance is the Laboratory building.
In front of the laboratory building big square with manicured lawns.
Beautiful glade
There is an observation deck on the bank of the pond in front of the Laboratory building. Here, on the wedding day, the newlyweds hang locks for happiness.
It is said that it is especially beautiful here in spring, when rhododendrons bloom, and in autumn, when heather blooms.
The road leads through a patch of natural forest.
There are a lot of such feeders throughout the botanical garden.
Interesting pine.
On the way I went to the New Stock greenhouse. This huge building is currently closed to visitors. It is planned to be opened by the 70th anniversary of the Main Botanical Garden in 2015. Through the glass you can see that many plants have already found their new home here.
The territory near the greenhouse is beautifully decorated: good paths, a fountain, flower beds.
Beautiful bright flowers in the flower beds.
The peonies have already faded, and these are the Libellias.
And it looks like mint blossoms.
Next to the New Orangery there is an exposition of flower and ornamental plants. This is a large fenced area. To enter here, you need to buy a ticket at the box office. Cash desk next to the entrance to the exposition.
Here is a huge collection of perennials: peonies, irises, daffodils and many other plants. I'm lucky. I came here during the lily season. 
I have never seen so many different shapes, sizes, colors of lilies. This is amazing!
In addition to lilies, there are a lot of other very beautiful flowers on display.
Sunny bouquet.
Bright and very large rudbeckia.
A plant with an unusual delicate aroma.
Does not bloom, but also beautiful.
White Astilba
some kind of exotic
Cheerful daisies of different colors
Plants for alpine slides
Next to the exposition of flower and ornamental plants is the Stock greenhouse. There are guided tours that must be booked in advance.
The rose garden covers an area of 2.5 hectares. More than 270 types of roses are collected here. More than 6000 bushes have been planted.
The rose garden is framed by century-old oaks. They protect delicate flowers from wind and frost in winter.
The magnificent gentle aroma of roses spreads through all the alleys of the garden.
Each rose is beautiful in its own way.
Some roses are already in bloom, while others are just beginning to bloom.
Beauty is extraordinary!
The territory of the rose garden is beautifully decorated.
It is good to sit on a bench and enjoy the intoxicating aroma of the Queen of flowers - roses.
Here she is - the Queen of Roses.
The age-old oak is a handsome man.
Small overgrown pond.
Behind it is a view of a large pond.
Swimming in the pond and fishing is prohibited. You can only admire the beauty of nature.
Coastal plants are reflected in the water mirror.
Next to the pond begins the "Garden of Continuous Bloom".
Heard a delicate aroma.
Yes, it's jasmine!
Lots of lilacs. It must be very beautiful here in the spring.
There are vacationers under every tree.
Lots of people on Sunday. As in all Moscow parks, there are many cyclists.
Weeping willow on the bank of the pond.
Very close to the Ostankino tower.
Just beautiful carved leaves.
Finally, I came to a rare multi-stemmed Manchurian walnut. Here he is in the field.
The look is exotic.
Now the walnut is ripe. Reminds me of a walnut.
On its branches someone is constantly sitting, hanging, crawling ...
I was a little taken aback by the exposition of plants of the "Natural Flora".
In the "Garden of Perpetual Bloom" something blooms all the time.
Main botanical garden Russian Academy Sciences was opened on April 14, 1945. Today it is considered the largest botanical garden in Europe.
GBS covers an area of 331.49 hectares, more than 18,000 plant names grow on its territory, which are the national treasure of Russia. The Botanical Garden is not only a unique scientific institution, it is an educational and Education Centre, as well as a favorite place for walking Muscovites and the richest museum of plants.
The organization of the Botanical Garden was an important event in post-war Moscow. He "became a kind of living monument Great Victory”, one of the directors of the garden wrote about him.
Draft designs of the territory of the future garden belong to the architect I.M. Petrov, who had been working on them since 1940. According to the original project, from the north, the border of the garden was to pass along the Okruzhnaya Railway, and from the south - along the modern Akademika Korolev Street. Capturing at the same time the territory of the entire Marfinsky complex in the west, and in the east extending to Prospekt Mira. Subsequent projects limited the area to Botanicheskaya Street in the west and Agricultural Street in the east.
The Botanical Garden was laid out in the North-East of the capital. Previously, the territory was occupied by the Ostankino forest (Erdenyevskaya grove, which was part of the Ostankino oak forest), as well as the Leonov forest. Mostly oak, linden and maple grew here. Of the shrubs, hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum prevailed.
In the XVI century. these forest lands belonged to the Cherkassky princes. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich liked to come here to hunt.
The Ostankino forest and the village of Ostashevo were part of the dowry that Varvara Cherkasskaya received when she married Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev. In the XVIII century. the new owner of the Ostankino forest, Count Nikolai Sheremetev, built the Ostankino estate, and turned part of the grove adjacent to the estate into an English park. The waters of the Kamenka River fed five ponds organized in the park.
The main entrance to the park is located at the end of Botanicheskaya Street, next to the Vladykino metro station. Two snow-white towers and openwork gates overlook the main alley of the garden. Not far from the entrance is a cascade of three small ponds. Willows and birches are planted around the first pond. On the left side is the main building. In the lobby there is a sculpture of the goddess Flora.
The Arboretum is the largest part of the Botanical Garden. It covers an area of 75 hectares and is built as a landscape park. At the heart of the arboretum is a forest of tree species familiar to our region - oak, birch, spruce and pine. A lot of foreign plants are planted here, which are hidden from the wind and cold by local species. The trees are planted in small groves, and you can visually compare the species of the same plant.
Walking along the paths of the arboretum is like traveling around the world. Here you can find North American thuja, Far Eastern aralia, Caucasian yew and Canadian spruce.
On the right side at the end of the main alley is the so-called "Garden of Continuous Flowering". It is laid out in a vast clearing, bounded on one side by oak forests, and on the other by Kamensky ponds, which are the border of the botanical garden and VDNKh. The garden is a kind of living calendar of plants. Trees and shrubs alternate on it with perennial herbs. From early spring to late autumn the garden is filled with bright colors of flowering plants. Primroses give way to summer varieties, and golden autumn gives park visitors bright red and yellow foliage. An unusual multi-stemmed specimen of the Manchurian walnut, slender spruces and junipers grow here.
In the center of the garden is one of the most interesting ideas of the creators of the Botanical Garden: a reserved oak forest, a kind of reserve within a reserve. This is the territory of the old Ostankino forest. Average age trees are more than 150 years old, but two hundred year old specimens are often found. Oaks, aspen, birch and mountain ash grow here. The oak grove has also preserved its typical undergrowth. The oak forest is surrounded by a fence. According to the original idea of the creators of the reserve, only employees of the garden could enter its territory, there are almost no paths inside the oak forest. Unfortunately, poor funding does not allow now to maintain the purity of the experiment. The fence has simply fallen in many places, and only the absence of paths and the impregnable view of the forest stops random passers-by.
Nevertheless, such an example of untouched nature, one of the northern oak forests of central Russia within the boundaries of a huge metropolis, is a unique phenomenon in the world practice of park construction.
In 1987, the exposition "Japanese Garden" was arranged on the territory of the Botanical Garden. The most interesting exotic composition was designed by the famous Japanese architect K. Nakajima. The garden combines Japanese flora and architectural elements. It is like a small island of Japan in the middle of Moscow. The territory of the garden is cut through by a network of streams and reservoirs, through which wooden bridges are thrown. The most beautiful time in the garden is spring, when the cherry blossoms are in bloom. In winter, the garden, littered with snow, is closed to the public. Traditional Japanese tea ceremonies are held in the garden.
In 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin (1898-1980), an outstanding botanist, geneticist and breeder, the first director of the Garden, who led it for 35 years.
In past centuries, on the site of the Botanical Garden there were hunting grounds for high-ranking persons. Representatives of the Russian royal dynasty liked to spend time in forests and groves. The forests belonged to the princes Cherkassky, and later passed to Count Sheremetev. Under the famous Russian aristocrat Sheremetev, a passionate admirer of art, part of the green areas was converted into a fashionable English park with ponds and plant landscapes.
In Soviet times, an arboretum began to be created on the territory of the park. According to the pre-war project, the new landscape zone should have included the following lands:
- VDNH - exhibitions of achievements of the national economy,
- estate "Ostankino" and the adjacent park of the same name,
- part of the territory of the Leonovo park zone.
Schemes and sketches implied the creation of a convenient land infrastructure: paths, paths, as well as a clear distribution of the territory into segments. The war prevented the project from being implemented, and the creation of the arboretum was resumed shortly before the Victory, partially redoing the plan of the territory. Officially, the birth of the park is attributed to 1945. The first head of the Botanical Garden was N.V. Tsitsin, whose name the arboretum still bears today.
A few years ago, a large-scale reconstruction was carried out in the Botanical Garden. The garden began to freely connect with the territory of the All-Russian Exhibition Center and Ostankino Park, paths were restored, fountain systems were restored.
Collections of the Botanical Garden
A few years after the official opening, Soviet architects developed new plan Botanical Garden with landscapes, including about two thousand different trees and other plantings. Over the next quarter of a century, all the main compositions of the arboretum were created, presented by:
- flora of the territory of the USSR,
- plants of the tropics and subtropics,
- flower and decorative compositions.
Rose garden
Among the flower arrangements, the leading place is occupied by the rose garden, founded in the early 60s. Already in the first year of the garden's existence, the "Morning of Moscow" variety, bred by Soviet breeders, received a prize at an exhibition in West Germany. One of the most beautiful rose gardens in Europe covers an area of 2.5 hectares and is represented by a regular garden with a free layout of plant placement. On three sides, the flower garden is surrounded by an oak grove, which reliably protects delicate buds from winds and bad weather. In Soviet times, the exposition of the rose garden included more than 5 thousand plants representing several hundred different varieties.
The long history of the existence of the rose garden in the Botanical Garden has shown that in the conditions of the middle lane there are enough opportunities for the cultivation of rose bushes. In 2009, the rose garden was renovated and reconstructed, the exposition was replenished with thousands of new plants from the best European nurseries. All sectors of the rose garden are connected by a single lawn cover. When planting roses, special attention is paid to their arrangement in groups, depending on the combination of colors and shades. The varieties most resistant to low temperatures are presented in the rose garden of the GBS RAS. The main objective of the exposition is to promote the best specimens suitable for breeding in mid-latitudes.
The rose garden is open from 10:00 to 19:00 on all days except Mondays. The exposition of roses is open to the public during the warm season, from mid-May to mid-October.
Japanese garden
The landscape exposition "Japanese Garden" was opened in the arboretum in the 80s. The project was co-financed by the Japanese Embassy in Moscow, the exposition plan was developed in close cooperation with leading Japanese designers. The result exceeded all expectations - a real corner of original Japanese nature and architecture appeared in Moscow. Decorative waterfalls, stone fountains, ponds, islands, pavilions and pagodas, as well as a landscape area represented by the vegetation of Japan, take visitors to the Land of the Rising Sun. Here, in different time year bloom:
- sakura,
- rhododendrons,
- apricots,
- spirea,
- brunner,
- irises,
- kuril tea,
- lavender,
- forsythia.
In May, cherry blossoms bloom for only a few days in the Japanese Garden. At this time, the Japanese Garden fills with a large number of visitors and photographers, so it is very difficult to get here. To see the flowering of the most famous Japanese plant with your own eyes, we recommend that you buy tickets in advance.
Maple and sakura festivals are held in the Japanese Garden, and the Rock Garden exposition has been located near it for several years now. The garden is open on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 12:00 to 19:00. On weekends and holidays work time ends one hour later. Monday and Thursday are sanitary days. Ticket price - from 20 to 200 rubles, depending on age and social category.
stock greenhouse
The stock greenhouse of the Botanical Garden is notable for the fact that it is located in a huge glass building as high as a 10-story building. In the evening, the greenhouse glows with illumination, like a huge alien ship. Inside is one of the largest collections of tropical and subtropical plants in Europe. More than a thousand species of orchids alone are represented here, and in total the total exposition includes more than five thousand plants, including over two hundred coastal and aquatic ones.
Access to the Stock Greenhouse building is open as part of an organized tour, which can be purchased on our website.
How to get to the Botanical Garden
The Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is easily accessible by metro. You can walk from the Vladykino or VDNKh station to the Botanical Garden. Also, it will not be difficult to get to the GBS RAS by land transport - buses and trolleybuses. Opening hours of the Botanical Garden - from 10 am to 20 pm. The park is open from 29 April to 19 October. The time and season of individual expositions are regulated individually. Ticket prices depend on the type of tour.
