Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy. Day of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia Who celebrates the day of the Black Sea Fleet

(Black Sea Fleet) of the Navy (Navy) of Russia. The Day of the Black Sea Fleet was established by the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral of the Fleet Felix Gromov, "On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty" dated July 15, 1996.

In Sevastopol, on the Day of the Black Sea Fleet, a solemn laying of wreaths and flowers at the monument to Catherine II and a prayer service in the Vladimir Cathedral, the burial place of Russian admirals, take place.

Fleet of Russia - Glory!

Fleet history

The fleet was founded by decree of Empress Catherine II after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. Its core was made up of the ships of the Azov and Dnieper river flotillas. On May 13 (May 2, according to the old style), 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla entered the bay near the village of Akhtiar (later Sevastopol, a military port and the main base of the fleet), soon they were joined by 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla.

The document that formally established the formation of the Black Sea Fleet was the decree of the Empress dated August 24 (13), 1785 "On orders for the establishment and management of the Black Sea Fleet and the Admiralty." The decree approved the state of the fleet consisting of 12 battleships, 20 frigates, 5 ships and 8 transports, with a total personnel strength of 13,504 people.

The first Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet was the Governor General of the Tauride Region and the Yekaterinoslav Viceroyalty, Field Marshal Prince Grigory Potemkin.

In the XVIII-XIX centuries. the fleet took part in the Russian-Turkish wars. In 1799, the Sevastopol squadron of the Black Sea Fleet under the command of Admiral Fyodor Ushakov made a trip to the Mediterranean Sea, during which 16 cities and fortresses were taken, including the Greek fortress of Corfu.

In October 1827, in the Battle of Navarino, the battleship Azov destroyed 6 Turkish ships. The Azov was commanded by the future chief commander of the fleet and ports of the Black Sea, Mikhail Lazarev. The participants in the battle - Lieutenant Pavel Nakhimov, midshipman Vladimir Kornilov, midshipman Vladimir Istomin - in the future became heroes of the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855.

After the defeat in the Crimean War under the Paris Peace Treaty of 1856, Russia lost the right to have a navy on the Black Sea. These restrictions were abolished by the London Convention of 1871. After that, Russia began to create a steam armored fleet on the Black Sea, which subsequently took an active part in the First World War. By the autumn of 1917, the Black Sea Fleet already had 177 warships and had a transport flotilla.

Fleet in Soviet times

After the October Revolution of 1917, during the withdrawal of the White Guard troops of General Wrangel from the Crimea, more than 130 ships and vessels were taken abroad. The 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), RCP(b), in 1921 decided to restore the Black Sea Fleet. For 1929-1937 The Black Sea Fleet received more than 500 warships of various classes, hundreds of warplanes. The Air Force, coastal defense and the air defense system (AD) of the fleet were created.

Already in the first days of the Great Patriotic War, ships of the Black Sea Fleet carried out raids on the enemy's main naval bases. A special place in the fighting is occupied by the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol, the Kerch-Feodosiya landing operation, the defense of the Caucasus, the liberation of Novorossiysk.

During the war years, the Black Sea Fleet conducted 24 landing operations, 835 enemy ships and vessels were sunk, 539 damaged. 18 ships and units were awarded the title of Guards, 228 Black Sea sailors were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 54,766 were awarded orders and medals. On May 7, 1965, the Black Sea Fleet was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Guards missile cruiser Moskva is the lead ship of Project 1164 Atlant, which in Soviet times bore the name Slava. Is the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Black Sea Fleet became the object of a dispute between Russia and Ukraine. The question arose about its division. On August 3, 1992, in Yalta, the presidents of the two countries, Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kravchuk, signed an agreement on a phased settlement of the problem.

On June 9, 1995, in Sochi, the presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine, Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kuchma, signed an agreement on the separate basing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet of Russia and the Ukrainian Navy. Sevastopol was assigned the status of the main base of the Russian fleet. Ships and vessels were supposed to be divided in the proportion of 81.7% - Russia, 18.3% - Ukraine.

At the beginning of 1997, the Black Sea Fleet had 525 warships, boats and auxiliary vessels. On May 28, 1997, three agreements were signed between Ukraine and Russia in Kyiv: on the parameters of the division of the Black Sea Fleet, on the status and conditions of its stay on the territory of Ukraine, and on mutual settlements. The documents entered into force on July 12, 1999.

Large landing ship "Caesar Kunikov"

Russia withdrew 388 ships and auxiliary vessels. Ukraine received 30 warships and boats, one submarine, 90 combat aircraft, 6 special purpose ships and 100 auxiliary vessels. The historical St. Andrew's flag was hoisted on the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. According to the documents, the period of use by the Russian fleet of land, water areas, bays and infrastructure facilities in Crimea was 20 years from the date of signing.

On April 21, 2010, Presidents of the Russian Federation and Ukraine Dmitry Medvedev and Viktor Yanukovych signed in Kharkov an Agreement on the Issues of the Russian Black Sea Fleet's Stay on the Territory of Ukraine. The stay of the Russian base in the Black Sea was extended by 25 years (until 2042).

After the entry of Crimea and Sevastopol into Russia, Russian President Vladimir Putin on April 2, 2014 signed a law on the termination of four Russian-Ukrainian agreements on the Black Sea Fleet of 1997 and 2010.

Current state

The modern Black Sea Fleet is an operational-strategic formation of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea. As of May 2017, the fleet includes 283 ships and vessels (of which 51 are warships), the personnel is at least 25 thousand military personnel. By 2020, the fleet should receive about 50 new ships and support vessels.

The flagship of the Black Sea Fleet is the guards missile cruiser Moskva (before May 15, 1995 it was named Glory) of project 1164 Atlant. On March 11, 2016, the Admiral Grigorovich, the first of six project 11356 frigates, which are being built for the Black Sea Fleet in Kaliningrad, entered the fleet.

According to the information of the Fleet Command, in 2016 the ships and support vessels of the Black Sea Fleet traveled a total of almost 340,000 nautical miles (about 630,000 km), increasing the surfacing by 45% compared to 2015, and the duration of missions at sea - almost 2 times. The sailors of the fleet spent a total of about 3.8 thousand days at sea, participated in 80 campaigns (the main tasks were carried out as part of the inter-fleet grouping of the Russian Navy in the Mediterranean Sea).

In total, in 2016, about 100 artillery and more than 20 rocket fires, over 100 depth bombings, 30 mine action exercises, etc. were carried out in the Black and Mediterranean Seas. based "Caliber" was carried out by the crew of the frigate "Admiral Grigorovich". The total flight time of the crews of the naval aviation of the Black Sea Fleet exceeded 5.5 thousand hours, more than 3.6 thousand combat exercises were performed.

Russian weapons. Fleet

In the spring of 2017, the Admiral Grigorovich frigate, Project 02668 naval minesweeper Vice-Admiral Zakharyin and the Raptor-class patrol boat participated in the PASSEX bilateral naval exercise together with the Turkish Navy. This year, the Admiral Essen frigate of project 11356R and new submarines of project 06363 should arrive at the duty station in the Black Sea.

In 2014, by order of Russian President Vladimir Putin, the Black Sea Higher Naval Order of the Red Star School named after P.S. Nakhimov (operated in 1937-1992), which provides military special training for naval officers and foremen.

• The main base of the fleet is Sevastopol, the base points are Feodosia and Donuzlav (Republic of Crimea), Novorossiysk (Krasnodar Territory).
• Commander of the Black Sea Fleet - Admiral Alexander Vitko (since April 15, 2013).

Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy

Emblem of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy

Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is an annual holiday celebrated on May 13 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The day was established in 1996.
On May 13, 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla entered the Akhtiar Bay, located in the southwestern part of the Crimean peninsula of the Black Sea, under the command of vice-admiral F.A. Klokachev. Later, 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla joined them, these first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet.


Ivan Aivazovsky Black Sea Fleet in Feodosia

The first state of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand people there were: 12 battleships, 20 frigates, 5 schooners, 23 transport ships. The fleet was managed by the Black Sea Admiralty, established in Kherson.
In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the name Sevastopol. Translated from Greek, the word "Sevastopol" means "majestic".
Soon the city and port of Sevastopol became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fedor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov.

The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them - in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, in the Crimean war of 1853-1856, in the First World War and, of course, during the years of the Great Patriotic war.
Today, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is an operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea. As an integral part of the country's Navy, it is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the south.


To accomplish the assigned tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the oceanic and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and parts of coastal troops. Its ship structure includes more than 2.5 thousand different ships - these are sailing, linear, large missile, patrol, reconnaissance, landing, small missile, mine-sweeping ships, squadron battleships and destroyers, cruisers, submarines, sea hunters, gunboats , boats, rescue, auxiliary, hydrographic vessels and others.

The Day of the Black Sea Fleet in Russia is celebrated annually on May 13th. It was established in 1996 by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) is an operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea and a means of ensuring military security in the south of the country.

According to historical events, in the spring of 1783, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet. This event adds significance to this holiday.

The history of the formation of the Black Sea Fleet begins in the second half of the 18th century, when Russia achieved significant success in the struggle for access to the seas and established itself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas.

On May 13, 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla entered the Akhtiar Bay, located in the southwestern part of the Crimean peninsula, under the command of a participant in the Chesme battle, Vice Admiral F.A. Klokachev. Later they were joined by 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla.

These first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet. The first state of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand people, there were:

• 12 battleships;
• 20 frigates;
• 5 schooners;
• 23 transport ships.

The fleet was managed by the Black Sea Admiralty, established in Kherson.

People who created the history of the Black Sea Fleet

In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the worthy name of Sevastopol. Translated from Greek, the word "Sevastopol" means "majestic".

Soon Sevastopol with its port became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fedor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov.

The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully completing the tasks assigned to them:

• in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791;
• in the Crimean War of 1853-1856.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the Black Sea Fleet had become a serious fighting force in southern Russia. By the autumn of 1917, it consisted of 177 warships and had a transport flotilla. In the First World War and, of course, during the Great Patriotic War, the Black Sea Fleet created a reliable defense of the country.

Celebrating the Day of the Black Sea Fleet in Russia today

The main tasks of the Black Sea Fleet at present are:

• protection of the economic zone and areas of industrial activity;
• suppression of illegal production activities;
• ensuring the safety of navigation;
• implementation of foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business events, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces).

To accomplish the assigned tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the oceanic and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.

In 1996, a special decree on the introduction of professional holidays created the day of the Black Sea Fleet. It is celebrated every year on May 13, since it was on this day that the first warships took their place in one of the bays of the Black Sea. In 2017, the fleet will be 234 years old. Today's flotilla includes the most modern ships, equipped with the latest technology, and some of them have no analogues in the world.

history of the holiday

The reason for the creation of the Black Sea Fleet was the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. Empress Catherine II decided that it was necessary to have her own military forces on the Black Sea. At that time, only the Azov Flotilla defended the Russian Empire from the south, but it included small vessels, which were significantly inferior in power to Turkish ships. For this reason, at the end of 1775, a decree was issued on the main directions for the creation of a combat flotilla intended for the Black Sea waters.

According to the decree, it was supposed to include 20 large ships. The construction of the first 8 ships was carried out on the coast of the Sea of ​​Azov. The remaining combat units were built on the Dnieper, on the site of the future Kherson. It was here that the battleship St. Catherine was laid down, which had 60 guns on board. And already in 1783, Catherine the Great announced that Crimea was annexed to Russia.

On May 13 (according to the new style), the first ships settled in the Akhtiar Bay, which turned out to be the most convenient place for the deployment of military forces. Later, Sevastopol was built on this site. And when in the 90s of the XX century the question arose of establishing a professional holiday for sailors serving on the Black Sea, it was the day the ships entered the bay that was chosen as a memorable date.

Day of the Black Sea Fleet / Photo: loveopium.ru

- an annual holiday celebrated on May 13 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The day was established in 1996 by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy.

In the spring of 1783, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet.

May 13, 1783 In the Akhtiar Bay, located in the southwestern part of the Crimean peninsula of the Black Sea, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla entered under the command of Vice Admiral F.A. Klokachev. Later, 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla joined them, these first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet.

The first state of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand people there were: 12 battleships, 20 frigates, 5 schooners, 23 transport ships. The fleet was managed by the Black Sea Admiralty, established in Kherson.

In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the name Sevastopol. Translated from Greek, the word "Sevastopol" means "majestic".

Soon the city and port of Sevastopol became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fedor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov.

The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them - in the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791, in the Crimean war of 1853-1856, in the First World War and, of course, during the years of the Great Patriotic war.

Sailors of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia / Photo: img.gazeta.ru

Today, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is an operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea. As an integral part of the country's Navy, it is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the south. The headquarters of the Black Sea Fleet is located in Sevastopol.

The main tasks of the Black Sea Fleet at present are: protection of the economic zone and areas of production activities, suppression of illegal production activities; ensuring the safety of navigation; implementation of foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.).

The emblem of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy / Photo: ru.wikipedia.org

To accomplish the assigned tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the oceanic and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and parts of coastal troops.

On the holiday itself, the main celebrations are organized in the cities where the units of the Black Sea Fleet are based. In Sevastopol, traditionally on this day, a solemn laying of wreaths and flowers is held at the monument to the Black Sea sailors and the monument to Catherine II, festive concerts, meetings with fleet veterans and other events are organized.

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