Alexander Blok became a prominent representative of the Symbolists, who saw not only the past path of his country, but also the future. Motherland played an important role in the poet's work.

Homeland in the work of A. A. Blok

The poet reflected the process of the formation of Russia, touching in his works not only the historical past of the country, but also its future, the tasks facing it, its purpose.

The image of the Motherland of Blok was of interest even in the years. However, the heyday of the subject is noted after its end. The revolutionary experiences of rise and fall are reflected in every stanza of the poet's patriotic poems.

Blok's poems about the Motherland are imbued with a feeling of boundless love, tenderness, but at the same time they are saturated with pain for the past and present of Russia and hope for a better future.

The poet believed that his country not only deserved a better future, it also showed the way to it. Therefore, he saw in her his consolation, healing:

Love for the Motherland remained the only pure and sincere feeling. It was on her that the soul of the poet, wounded by loneliness and misunderstanding of society, could lean. Blok himself realized.

Motherland, her attitude changed, but the change in the nature of feelings did not affect which the writer carried through his whole life.

Image of the Motherland and Alexander Alexandrovich

Thanks to the works of A. A. Blok, years later we can see Russia from the time of the author: full of movement, life, tearful, but still unique, original. Special Vision historical events affects the poet's poems, in which the theme of the Motherland occupies an important place.

Blok created his own unique image of Russia, unknown to others. She became for him not a mother, but a beautiful woman: a lover, a friend, a bride, a wife.

The early work of the poet is characterized by a vision of a poor and dense country, but at the same time unusual and talented.

The homeland in the works of Blok is a beautiful lover who will forgive in any situation. She always understands the poet, because she is a part of the soul, her better half, a manifestation of purity. Blok understood that, despite her “shameless and deep” sins, the Motherland remains “more precious than all lands” for him.

How does Blok see Russia? The homeland of Alexander Alexandrovich has charming features, which the poet called “robber beauty”: vast expanses, long roads, foggy distances, wind songs, loose ruts.

Blok loved his Fatherland recklessly, sincerely believing and hoping that soon "light will overcome darkness."

Consider some of the poems of Alexander Blok in order to most accurately understand the topic so significant to him: "Motherland".

Block. The poem "Gamayun, the prophetic bird"

It is believed that the theme of the tragic history of Russia first appeared in a poem belonging to the still very young Alexander, “Gamayun, the prophetic bird”:

The poem was Blok's first loud appeal, combining love for Russia and awareness of the horror from the past and present. But the author wants to understand the truth, no matter how terrible and terrible it is.

The first deliberate and serious embodiment of patriotic thought is considered to be a work dated 1905, “Autumn Will”.

The poet addresses the Motherland:

The lyrical hero shown by Blok experiences loneliness, and it is unbearably tragic. Only love for Russia and its nature can help overcome it. The poet admits that the landscapes of his native land are sometimes plain and not pleasing to the eye, but they can give peace, happiness and the meaning of life to his tormented soul:

The psalms sung by the poor are an echo of drunken Russia. However, this does not bother the poet. After all, it is the true face of Russia, without embellishment and rich pathos, that is an inexhaustible source of his inspiration. It is this Motherland - dirty, drunk, impoverished - that heals Blok, gives him peace and hope.

Cycle of works "On the field of Kulikovo"

Blok's poems about the Motherland, included in the cycle of works "On the Kulikovo Field", have the deepest, most passionate meaning. The history of the native country sounds louder here than the voice of the poet himself. Due to this, a tense and tragic effect is created, pointing to the country's great past and predicting an equally great future.

Comparing the past and future deeds of a great power, the author in the past is looking for a force that allows Russia to boldly go towards its intended goal and not be afraid of "darkness - night and abroad."

The “unbreakable silence” in which the country is mired predicts “high and rebellious days,” Blok believed. The homeland shown in the works stands at the crossroads of time and space - past, present and future. The historical path of the country is embodied in the lines:

The poem "Fed" became a response to the phenomena of the revolution in 1905. These lines express faith in the coming changes, which both Blok himself and the Motherland expected.

Block. Poem "Rus"

The theme of the Motherland is also reflected in the work "Rus". Here, a mysterious, unpredictable and at the same time beautiful Russia appears before readers. The country seems to the poet a fabulous and even magical land:

Intertwining worlds (the real world and the dream world) help the poet mentally transport readers to the old, old times, when Russia was full of witches and sorcery charms.

The lyrical hero is recklessly in love with the country, so he reveres it. He sees her not just unusual, but mysterious, charmingly ancient. But Russia appears before him not only fabulous, but also impoverished, suffering and sad.

The work “Born in Deaf Years” is dedicated to Z. N. Gippius and is imbued with anticipation of future changes.

Blok understood that the modern generation was doomed, so he called on him to rethink life, to renew it.

Russia's doom lies in its untapped potential. She, possessing incredible wealth, is terribly poor and frighteningly miserable.

Motherland as the central leitmotif of the work

The poem "Russia" is striking in its sincerity and honesty: not in a single line, not in a single word, the author lied about how he sees and feels his native country.

It is thanks to his honesty that the reader is presented with the image of a poor Motherland, which aspires "to the distant past."

The poem feels the influence of the lyrical digression about the trinity bird from the poem " Dead Souls» N. V. Gogol.

Blok's "troika" develops into an ominous sign of a dramatic confrontation between the people and the intelligentsia. The image of the Motherland is embodied in a powerful and unrestrained element: blizzard, wind, snowstorm.

We see that Blok is trying to comprehend the meaning of Russia, to understand the value, the necessity of such a complex historical path.

Blok believed that with the help of hidden strength and power, Russia would get out of poverty.

The poet describes his love for the Motherland, admiration for the beauty of nature, reflections on the fate of his country. Block uses the motif of the road that runs through the entire poem. At first we see impoverished Russia, but then it appears to us in the image of a country that is wide and powerful. We believe that the author is right, because one should always hope for the best.

Blok shows us a poor, but beautiful Russia. This contradiction is manifested even in the epithets used by the poet, for example, “robber beauty”.

Two sphinxes in the work of A. A. Blok

Nikolai Gumilyov wrote very beautifully about the poetry of A. Blok: “Two sphinxes stand in front of A. Blok, making him sing and cry with their unresolved riddles: Russia and his own soul. The first - Nekrasov, the second - Lermontov. And often, very often, Blok shows us them, merged into one, organically inseparable.

Gumilyov's words are indestructible truth. They can be proved by the poem "Russia". It has a strong influence of the first sphinx, Nekrasov. After all, Blok, like Nekrasov, shows us Russia from two opposite sides: powerful and at the same time powerless and miserable.

Blok believed in the strength of Russia. However, in contrast to Nekrasov's precepts, Alexander Alexandrovich loved his Motherland only with sadness, without endowing his feeling with anger. Blok's Russia is endowed with human features, the poet endows her with the image of a beloved woman. Here the influence of the second sphinx - Lermontov's - is manifested. But their similarity is not complete. Blok expressed more intimate, personal feelings, endowed with noble thoughtfulness, while in Lermontov's poems the hussar arrogance was sometimes heard.

Is it worth pitying Russia?

The poet says that he does not know how and cannot feel sorry for the Motherland. But why? Maybe because, in his opinion, nothing can obscure the "beautiful features" of Russia, except for care. Maybe it's because of pity?

The poet loves his country. This is the hidden reason for the lack of pity towards her. would kill the pride of Russia, would humiliate her dignity. If we correlate a large country with a single person, we get good example relationship between pity and humiliation. A person who has been pitied by being told how poor and unhappy he is loses not only his self-esteem, but sometimes his desire to live, as he begins to understand his own worthlessness.

All difficulties must be conquered with your head held high, without expecting sympathy. Perhaps this is what A. A. Blok wants to show us.

The great historical merit of the poet lies in the fact that he connected the past with the present, which we see in many of his poems.

The homeland has become a connecting theme in many of A. Blok's works. It is closely connected with the various motifs of his poems: love, retribution, revolution, the past path and the future path.

So he wrote and it seems he was completely right.

Russia for Alexander Blok is the motherland. The theme of the homeland becomes the main one in the poet's work after the early period of poems about the Beautiful Lady. Blok noted in his diary that he "consciously and irrevocably" devotes his life to the theme of the motherland. The beginning of the 20th century is a time of unprecedented changes, historical events that have not been seen before not only in Russia, but throughout the world.

To comprehend such events and convey them to the minds and hearts of compatriots is a task that only a real poet can solve, which was Alexander Blok. In 1908, he created the historical cycle "On the Kulikovo Field" and wrote the poem "Russia".

The lyrical hero of the poem "Russia" is the poet himself. The poet's appeal to Russia is imbued with a feeling of sincere quivering love, comparable to first love ("like tears of first love ..."). Russia appears before the reader in the image of a Russian beauty, endowed with “robber beauty” and wearing, according to Russian custom, “patterned headdress to the eyebrows”. Willfulness and humility - such an antithesis unfolds from stanza to stanza with contextual antonyms: golden - gray, cross - robbery, robbery - beautiful, rings - deaf, deceives - you will not be lost - and draws the image of great people's Russia as accurately and completely as possible.

A cart drawn by exhausted horses, gray huts, endless forests and fields, noisy rivers that carry not only water, but also streams of human tears, paths-roads to prisons - another antithesis to the image of the beauty of Russia.

The feeling of love is saturated with pain and bitterness at the sight of poverty and "gray huts", filled with inescapable longing, spilling over folk songs: "... the coachman's deaf song rings with melancholy!" Using such details of the image of Russia as a song, tears and a scarf, the author paints a picture of the motherland, strong spirit and guarded by a shroud-cloth-shroud of God: "You will not be lost, you will not perish ..". The motive of the path from the first lines of the poem to the last, as well as the image of the cross, expand the poet's thought about the complex, but surmountable great destiny of Russia.

The poet believes in Russia (“And I carefully bear my cross ...”, “And the impossible is possible, The road is long and easy ...”), because he loves her.

Updated: 2018-04-26

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Useful material on the topic

• Answer to tasks #8 and #15. How is the main conflict of the work outlined in this episode of "Fathers and Sons"? What feeling is imbued with the poet's appeal to Russia?

“There is always something especially noble,
meek, gentle, fragrant and graceful
in every feeling of Pushkin.
V.G. Belinsky

V. G. Belinsky accurately defined the purpose of poetry: “... to develop in people a sense of grace and a sense of humanity, meaning by this word an infinite respect for the dignity of a person as a person.” And today this is her holy purpose.
A.S. Pushkin is rightly called a miracle of Russian literature. His poetry is an inexhaustible source, which, like in a fairy tale, gives water to everyone who touches it with “living water”.
The whole world appreciates the poet for what he himself appreciated in himself:

For a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre ...

Even before Pushkin, poetry served the people, but with him this need for Russian literature acquired unprecedented strength.
The first thing that attracts us when reading the works of the poet is the amazing power of feelings, the brilliance of the mind. But his poems must be read carefully, thinking about each word, because this word is important for understanding the whole, because, as N.V. Gogol said, in every word of Pushkin there is “an abyss of space”.
What kind of "good feelings" does Pushkin's lyre evoke? At the dawn of his poetic activity, even in lyceum poetry, the poet thinks about the role and fate of poetry and the poet in contemporary society. Understanding perfectly the unenviable fate of the poet, the young Pushkin chose the path of literary creativity for himself:

My lot has fallen: I choose the lyre!

He chooses a “modest, noble lyre”, which will serve only freedom, and his “incorruptible voice” will become “an echo of the Russian people”.
In the poems “Prophet”, “Poet”, “To the Poet”, “Echo”, A.S. Pushkin develops his own view of the tasks of the poet. The poet, in his opinion, must find feelings in himself in order to educate the reader, to lead him along, using his high gift. “Burn the hearts of the people with the verb” is his motto. In the "Prophet" - the whole philosophy of Pushkin.
Dozens of poems by A.S. Pushkin are devoted to the theme of patriotism. The poet early felt the living breath of the history of his homeland and thought deeply about the fate of the country. Freedom became his muse. He saw that his people were groaning in the chains of centuries of slavery and passionately awaiting their release. Pushkin, a friend and inspirer of the Decembrists, in his youth in the ode "Liberty" declared with ardent conviction:

I want to sing freedom to the world
On the throne to strike vice.

Young people knew the poet's poems, breathing freedom, and were carried away by them. Decembrist MN Paskevich, for example, wrote that he "borrowed" his first liberal thoughts from reading Mr. Pushkin's free poems.
Until the end of his days, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was an implacable enemy of the autocracy, a defender of people's freedom. It is not for nothing that in the poem summing up his entire creative life, the poet takes special merit for “that in my cruel age I glorified freedom and called for mercy to the fallen.”
It is impossible to read the amazing poems of A.S. Pushkin about nature without excitement. These are real paintings. So you see how “boron drops his autumn outfit”, how “mist falls on the fields”, how “noisy caravan geese” stretches, and the moon “like a yellow spot”, and many other beautiful paintings, as if drawn by a wonderful artist. How deep is the poet's love for everything native, national, close and dear to the heart of a Russian person! These verses bring up love for the motherland in an excellent way.
An excellent source for awakening the kindest feelings are poems about friendship and love.
How many sincere poems the poet wrote to glorify strong, unchanging friendship. To the depths of his soul, he was shocked by the news of the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, in which Kuchelbecker, Pushchin and many other friends dear to his heart participated. He worries about their future fate, emphasizes his spiritual closeness with them and is not afraid to openly admit it in the face of the king himself. With surprising courage for those years, the poet sent his message to the Decembrists to Siberia:

In the depths of Siberian ores
Keep proud patience
Your mournful work will not be lost
And doom high aspiration.

Yes, A.S. Pushkin knew how to be a faithful and devoted friend.
And love poems! “I remember a wonderful moment”, “On the hills of Georgia...”, “I loved you...” They are, indeed, a “genius of pure beauty”. Tender and passionate, cheerful and sad, they teach to love truly. More than one generation of people has been reading with excitement the poet's inspired lines, warmed by a burst of hot, sincere and pure feeling. His poems sing and shine. They went beyond the limit of their time and became the property of all who are able to experience the same selfless, full of happiness love.
In Pushkin, even the simplest, everyday feelings are described in such a way that when you read some of his poems, you are amazed at the love of life, the ability to instill hope and faith in people. For example, this poem:

If life deceives you
Don't be sad, don't be angry!
On the day of despondency, humble yourself:
The day of fun, believe me, will come.
The heart lives in the future;
The present is dull;
Everything is instant, everything will pass;
Whatever passes will be nice.

The poem was written in 1825. And this year for the poet was the year of "despondency".
Is it possible to list everything. Strict and deeply moral, cheerful, sometimes mischievous and not very modest works of the poet, for the most part, are not only an amazing monument of the human spirit and an inexhaustible source of pleasure, but also a “school of life” in which they teach “good feelings”.
And as long as "at least one piit will be alive," Pushkin's work will not be forgotten. For this is what distinguishes spiritual wealth from material wealth, that the more it is spent, the more it becomes.

01.02.2012 16817 1535

Lesson 22 N. A. Nekrasov is a poet and a citizen. "Railway"

Goals: to acquaint students with those events and life impressions of Nekrasov's childhood and youth that influenced the poet's work; with a poem Railway»; work with "difficult" words from the poem.

During the classes

I. Learning new material.

1. Teacher's word about the poet, demonstration of a portrait.

2. Getting to know the article about the poet in the textbook (pp. 226–228).

- What events and life impressions of childhood and youth influenced the poet's work?

– What works of Nekrasov do you know?

3. Preparation for the perception of the poem"Railway".

Individual message student about railway construction in Russia; examining a reproduction of the painting by the artist K. A. Savitsky "Repair work on the railway" (1874).

4. Getting to know the poem"Railway".

1) Expressive reading of the poem by the teacher.

2) Work on issues:

- How do you understand the meaning of the title of the poem "Railway"?

- If you were asked to express your impression of the poem "Railway" in a drawing, what would you depict?

- How is the idea of ​​Savitsky's painting "Repair work on the railway" close to Nekrasov's poem and how is it different from the poet's thought?

- What is the meaning of the epigraph in the poem - "Conversation in the car"?

Why is the poem dedicated to children?

Pay attention to the epithets in the first chapter of the poem. The air is “healthy, vigorous”, the river is “icy”, Russia is “darling”. Is there a similarity in the coloring of these words? What can you say about the person who says this? Could the general, Vanya's father, say so?

– How do you understand the words: “We endured everything, God’s warriors, peaceful children of labor”? Why does the poet call the builders of the road warriors, that is, warriors; why does he add another definition to this: “peaceful children of labor”?

- What is the meaning of the word "road" in the expression: "and he will make a wide, clear chest path for himself"?

5. Preparation for expressive reading poems.

1) Reading chapter I.

- Let's think about the peculiarity of the autumn landscape, drawn in the first chapter of the poem. Find the words expressing the feelings of the poet, his attitude to what he saw from the car window.

In what does the poet see beauty? Imagine: ice that looks like melting sugar, yellow leaves lying like a carpet, moss swamps, stumps, bumps. Everything is so ordinary, where is the beauty here?

But no, everything is flooded with magical moonlight, not even with light, but with radiance, all this is “good”: after all, this is “dear Russia”! Autumn is seen through the eyes of a human creator who discovers beauty in the most ordinary. After all, creativity is the discovery of the new, the transformation of the world.

The poet loves his homeland not for some wondrous beauty, but because it is his homeland. That's how they love their mother. He calls her not the big name Russia, but the old and affectionate word "Rus".

- And why does the poet please the air, which "invigorates tired forces"? Why do soft leaves make him want to “sleep”? Yes, this is a hard worker, tired of hard work. And in this he is also a part of his people, about whom the poem is written.

So, without saying a word about the work of the people who built the railway, the poet already sets the reader on a high thought about the homeland, people, beauty, work, creativity.

2) Reading the second chapter.

Let's move on to Chapter II. Let's see how Nekrasov's thought develops. Let's try to single out separate parts of this chapter: a) the tsar-famine; b) the song of the dead; c) Belarusian; d) thoughts about the future of the people.

- Think about how the intonation changes when moving from one part to another.

- Where to make logical stresses in the lines: “Having called to life these barren wilds, they found a coffin here for themselves”?

– Have you noticed how in the words “Straight path, narrow mounds, posts, rails, bridges” the very rhythm of the verse helps to hear the rhythmic rumble of carriage wheels?

On the board are the words: sympathy, pity, admiration, indignation, pride, bitterness, sadness, poetry, indignation.

What words openly express the feeling of the poet?

- How should the final stanzas of the chapter sound?

Do not forget that these are words addressed to a child, and that the solemn prophecy about the wide and clear road to the happy future of the people ends with bitter regret:

The only pity is to live in this beautiful time

You won't have to, neither me nor you.

3) Reading chapter III.

The third chapter begins with a sharp change in intonation: the whistle of the locomotive dispelled the "amazing dream." The boy is still under the impression of sleep, he wants to tell his father about it. But the general finally destroys the poetic picture with his laughter.

How many marvelous beauties the general saw in Italy, in Vienna, but there is no poetry in his soul. The author-narrator sees the beautiful features of the creator people, despite their ugly appearance, while the general sees only the external. For him, the people are "barbarians, a wild crowd of drunkards." No, neither the glorious autumn will touch his heart, nor the working men who, at the cost of heroic labor, paved the way among the "barren wilds." For him, all these pictures are a spectacle of death, sadness, which should not disturb the heart of a child.

- With what feeling does the poet speak about the general?

Words on the board: contempt, indignation, mockery, irony, anger.

- Which of these words is most suitable for determining the author's intonation?

4) Reading Chapter IV.

The fourth chapter is an image of what the general considers the "bright side" of life.

How does the narrator feel about this picture? Is it true that the picture evokes feelings of bitterness, annoyance, anger in him? What caused his feelings?

II. Summing up the lesson.

Homework: expressive reading of a poem; write out “difficult words” in a notebook; give them an interpretation.

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