Nikolai Nikolaevich Golovin

My first Russian story

in stories for children

Be afraid, children, laziness,

Like a bad habit.

And read a day

At least you are on the page.

How our grandfathers lived in the past centuries,

And a number of their deeds, hopes and concerns,

Campaigns, suffering, battles, victories--

Here everyone will read short stories.

Foreword

We have tried to adapt the history of the Russian land to children's understanding, starting from ancient times and ending with recent events. It is known how interested children are in stories about heroes and exploits. Russian history is rich in examples of heroic deeds and good undertakings. Instead of fairy tales, children in this book will meet interesting and instructive reality, examples of work, love for the motherland and selflessness, told as clearly and simply as possible and clarified by the attached pictures.

Let's hope that the stories about the glory and good qualities of the Russian people and its great figures will throw into the children's souls the first impulses to work, the first seeds of love for their native land.

Our ancestors

For a long time, in the country where we now live, there were no rich cities, no stone houses, no large villages. There were only fields, and dense dark forests in which wild animals lived.

On the banks of the rivers, far from each other, there were poor huts. Our ancestors lived in the huts - the Slavs, that was the name of the Russian people then.

The Slavs were a brave people. They fought a lot with their neighbors and often went hunting to kill wild animals that ran out of the forests and attacked people.

From the fur and skin of dead animals, the Slavs made themselves a warm dress for the winter. And in the summer, when it was warm, they wore clothes made of linen, in which it was light and not hot. When the Slavs did not fight and did not go hunting, they were engaged in some other business: they worked in the field, sowed bread, herded herds and fished in rivers and lakes.

The Slavs were very kind people, they treated their servants well and kindly. When some poor wanderer came to visit them, they kindly received him and treated him well.

Each family of Slavs, father, mother and children, lived in their own hut separately from other similar families. When the father had many big sons, and each son had his own wife and children, everyone, both children and grandchildren, lived with their parents and with their grandfather. It was a very large family, and it was called a clan, or a tribe.

In each clan, all the younger ones obeyed their parents in everything, and they loved and respected their old grandfather more. They called him the elder and head of the clan.

The Slavs were pagans, that is, they believed that there were many gods. Some gods, thought the Slavs, are good gods and love people. Other gods are evil and do a lot of harm to a person. So, the good sun warmed and illuminated the earth, and the Slavs called him a good god. The sun was also called Dazhdbog, because it gave people warmth and harvest.

Often in the summer, thunder rumbled in the sky, and lightning flashed. It was scary then for a person! And the Slavs thought that the angry god Perun was hiding behind the clouds, who was angry with people for something. The Slavs were very afraid of this god and made various sacrifices to him so that he would be kinder to people.

Even the Slavs thought that in every house there lives a brownie god who makes sure that everything is fine in this house, good people loves and does good to them, and punishes the evil ones.

There are no such gods and never have been. There is only one God who created both the thunder and the sun and everything that is on earth. But the Slavs in those ancient times did not yet know the real God: therefore they prayed to other, pagan gods.

How it started Russian state

In former times, foreign peoples who lived next door to our Slavic ancestors often offended them. Alien warriors came to the land of the Slavs, burned houses and carried away the property of the inhabitants.

And the Slavs themselves quarreled among themselves, did not want to obey each other; they were like children without a father or a good mother. There was no one to sort out their quarrels, reconcile them and take care that no one offended them.

Then one old and clever head of the Slavs, named Gostomysl, called many old people to him before his death and began to say to them: “Look for yourself such a person who would sort out your quarrels, reconcile you and punish the disobedient. Such a person will also take care that foreign nations did not offend you!"

The old people retold these words of Gostomysl to the entire Slavic people, and the Slavs heeded the clever advice. They sent ambassadors across the seas to another, distant country, where a people called Varangians lived. The ambassadors came across the sea to the Varangian people, Rus, and said to the noble Russian chiefs, whom the Varangians called princes, such words: "Our land is great and rich, but there is no order in it: come rule us!"

Then three brothers, three noble Russian princes, Rurik, Sineus and Truvor, gathered and came to the Slavic land. Since then, our land, after the name of the Russian princes, began to be called Rus.

Rurik settled on the Volkhov River, his brother, Sineus, began to live on the White Lake, and the third brother, Truvor, built himself the town of Izborsk.

Two years later, two younger brothers died, and Rurik began to reign alone and rule the Russian people. The prince took care that no one offended the Russian people: he sorted out their quarrels among themselves and reconciled them. Rurik also ordered the Slavs to build cities for themselves. But the Slavic cities were not like our big beautiful cities: they resembled our present-day villages with poor wooden houses and small huts. Only around the whole village then the Slavs built a strong fence, behind which they hid from enemies.

Since there were many cities, and Rurik did not keep up everywhere he himself defended the people and sorted out their quarrels, instead of himself he sent his warriors to different cities. The noble warriors of Rurik were also his friends and were called the prince's retinue.

Rurik himself lived in the city of Novgorod, and his warriors lived in other smaller cities. There they judged the people and protected them from their enemies.

Prince Rurik became angry with two of his warriors, Askold and Dir, for disobedience and did not allow them to manage the cities. Then Askold and Dir were offended by the prince, did not want to serve him anymore and left Novgorod.

They got into boats and sailed along the Dnieper River away to a foreign land.

On the banks of the Dnieper, they saw a beautiful town on a high green mountain and asked its inhabitants: "Who built this town?"

The inhabitants answered them: “It was built by three brothers, Kiy, Shchek and Khoriv. Now all three have died, and a wild people, the Khazars, attacked us, and offend us. They take a lot of tribute from us: we owe a lot of honey, furs, linen and bread give them back!"

Askold and Dir with their warriors drove the Khazars out of the city, while they themselves remained in Kyiv and began to manage its inhabitants.

Prophetic Oleg

Prince Igor, the son of the former Russian prince Rurik, was still a very young boy and could not govern the people himself. His uncle, Oleg, who loved his little nephew very much and took care of him, began to reign for him.

Prince Oleg wanted to conquer the rich city of Kyiv. The prince gathered an army and sailed in boats along the Dnieper River. Near Kyiv, Oleg ordered many of his soldiers to hide for the time being in boats and wait for him. Oleg himself, with little Igor, went ashore and sent his servant to Askold and Dir, who ruled the city of Kiev, to tell them: "People who were sent to you by Prince Oleg have come to Kyiv; come and see them!"

Current page: 1 (total book has 8 pages) [available reading excerpt: 2 pages]

Dmitry Emets
Ancient Russia. History in stories for schoolchildren

Published with the financial support of the Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications within the framework of the Federal Target Program "Culture of Russia (2012-2018)".

Sleep, Vesey, sleep!

And they lived among themselves in peace among the glades, Drevlyans, northerners, Radimichi, Vyatichi and Croats ... There were many of them: they sat ... to the sea, and their cities have survived to this day; and the Greeks called them "Great Scythia".

Sitting on the banks of the Dnieper, the white-headed girl Vesya. The wreath is weaving. A calf is grazing nearby. His muzzle reaches for the wreath, he wants to eat it. Laughs, repels his muzzle Vesey.

A good day. Summer, sunny. Light clouds are moving across the sky. Boats are sailing along the Dnieper. There are all sorts of ships here, there are also punts that float in the sea and along the rivers. But most of all are light one-tree rooks. Such a boat can pass everywhere, enter any small channel or rivulet, moor everywhere. And where it won’t pass in any way, they unload it and drag it along the shore.

At the boats that are turning towards the shore, Vesey looks cautiously, does not come close to them. Many times her parents told her to be careful. Like a merchant-looking boat. But during the day a merchant, and at night - a dashing fellow. Few people miss the chance to kidnap a girl, especially if no one sees it.

It’s good, if only the girl is kidnapped, the women will cry and give birth to a new one. Otherwise, hidden Varangian warriors may jump out of the boat. They will lay down at the sides, get ready. Like they don't exist. And when they jump out, they start robbing, killing. Before the men gathered to repulse them, they were already on the boat and set sail. Look for the wind in the field.

Vesey is sitting, weaving a wreath. Vesey does not know what century it is now, what year from the creation of the world. Knows nothing. She has not heard about the overseas lands, she does not know about Christ who was crucified, she does not know about the Apostle Andrew, who once walked through these lands and stood on these hills.

Vesey is still small. All she knows is that she has a father and mother, there are two older brothers, Bagonya and Ryuma, and a younger sister, Lyubomil. Vesey also heard that she was born in the forest, in an earthen hole. The Khazars came that year. Everything was burned and looted. Beautiful girls and strong men were taken away in full. Then they seized two of Vesein’s uncles, bound them with iron, and as they began to drive, the grandfather, who was hiding in the barn, ran up from behind, stuck an iron prong into the back of the head of the Khazar warrior. Yes, only other Khazars flew in here. They fired arrows. They cut grandfather with sabers.

The Khazars are gone. Stole full. They overlaid glades, northerners, Vyatichi tribute - a coin and a squirrel from the smoke. Smoke is a hearth, a detached dwelling.

Slavic lands suffer from the Khazars. They steal full, sell slaves to distant lands. Selling to everyone who pays. Women are being kidnapped. Men. Even old people with children, although they go to a third of the price. Slave traders especially appreciate that there are many artisans in Russia: tanners, blacksmiths, gunsmiths, carpenters. They give a good price for them in the slave markets.

Many Slavic tribes - large and small. Everyone has their own customs, laws, traditions, and each has its own disposition. Someone settles in impenetrable forests, someone - on the plains, but more often along the rivers. The river is like a road. You can swim everywhere along the rivers.

They build fortified wooden settlements on the hills and take refuge in them when the enemy comes. All tribes are divided. Even between separate genera there are many grievances. As soon as the enemy appears, the soldiers do not have time to agree and gather together, they do not trust each other. So they sit quietly while they beat their neighbor - if only to survive themselves. But do not take courage! The elk is overcome, the boar. They go to the bear alone with a thick short spear - a horn. And when the enemy comes, they cannot fight back. So they are forced to either flee to the forests, or pay tribute.

Vesey is from the Glade tribe. In addition to the glades, there are also Drevlyans, Slovenes, Polochans, northerners, Buzhans, Volynians, Croats. These people speak a language understandable, Slavonic. They know that they are from the same root. There are other tribes in the surrounding lands: Chud, Merya, Vesy, Muroma, Cheremis, Mordovians, Perm, Pechera, Yam, Lithuania, Zimigola, Kors, Narova, Livs - they all speak their own languages. All this will someday become one whole, but so far everything is fractional, everything is separate. The Russian land does not know its strength.

Vesey is sitting on the Dnieper bank, and then she hears someone calling her from afar:

- Vesey! Vesey!

Yeah, so the father returned from the field, and with him the older brothers. Vesey runs home. They have dinner, they go to bed. Vesey lies on the bench, hears the whisper of his mother. Laying down the disobedient mother Lubomila.

- Sleep, Lyubomila, sleep! If you don't sleep, a black kozarin will come, grab you, put you in a sack! Sleep, Lyubomila, sleep! And you, Vesey, sleep!

Molchan Girya

And the Khazars found them sitting on these mountains in the forests and said: "Pay tribute to us."

Tale of Bygone Years

The wiry blacksmith Molchan Girya. Do not occupy him with strength. The blacksmith's hammer in his hands is like a toy. As he begins to swing the hammer, the muscles roll like balls. Molchan can forge everything - a nail, a plow, and a bolt. But the blacksmith is peaceful. Since childhood, no one can piss him off. Teasing - he smiles. He does not go to games, in battles wall to wall does not converge. Afraid - as if someone accidentally cripple.

There was even a case - the boys heated the handles of iron tongs. They hid behind the door. They think if Molchan gets burned, he gets angry. They see: Molchan took the pincers, they hissed in his hands, burned the skin to the meat. The boys squealed in fear. Molchan heard them. He threw away the tongs, stepped towards the door, grabbed the boys by the scruff of the neck like kittens. They closed their eyes. They think it's over. Molchan has a terrible face. Crease on the forehead like a crack.

- Oh, uncle, do not touch! Dont kill! - the boys squeal.

- I won't touch you! And you never do that again!

Molchan lives peacefully, works peacefully. But one day the Khazars broke into the village. The houses were burned, and the people were rounded up and taken to full. They also took Molchan Girya to full.

Molchan Girya is walking along with everyone else. Quietly goes, does not complain. Those who are tired on the way are helped so that the Khazars do not finish off the weakened ones. The Khazars are angry, they rush the captives. They themselves are all mounted, and the prisoners are driven on foot. They knocked people's legs to the blood. They rubbed their necks with stocks. Silent Molchan, thinks a thought. This is a slow thought. Like iron balls, thoughts are rolling in Molchan's head.

“Oh, if all together, at the same time! No way would we be beaten! But will everyone agree to live under one head? Everyone strives to snatch his own. That is why the people accept bloody flour!

We walked for a long time, ate poorly on the way, slept in the rain. Half of the captives perished along the way. Some were thrown into the river, some into the forest to the wolves. No time to bury. The rest, partly on foot, partly on boats, reached Itil, a Khazar city. Here they are divided. Some of the slaves were driven to the market, and Molchan and a few others were taken to a long stone barn, where they were locked up. Molchan lies on the straw.

The next morning he hears footsteps and the jingle of keys. The door swung open and the sunlight hit from outside. A merchant enters the barn, a Slavic interpreter and two soldiers with them. They go around everyone in turn, look. The merchant grimaces - not that, everything is not that. Then he approaches Molchan. Looks at him for a long time. He asks for something. Girya is silent, does not understand.

The merchant turns to the interpreter and repeats his question. The interpreter pushes the Kettlebell with his foot, translates:

- Hey you, get up! Honorable Ali asks you: how old are you?

- Thirty.

The merchant rejoices: a good age. The slave will work for a long time. Again, something murmurs in its own way.

- What kind of work can you do? Farmer? Fisherman? the interpreter asks.

- I'm a blacksmith!

The merchant's eyes sparkled with greed. A big benefit is to buy a good blacksmith cheaply. There is no price for a good blacksmith.

- Open your mouth! Honorable Ali wants to see your teeth! - requires the interpreter.

- Now! Molchan says. - Just get up!

He stood up to his full height. Tighten your hands. They unbent, the shackles broke on them.

- Bad job! Molchan says. “Your blacksmiths don’t know how to rivet chains!”

The merchant trembled. Backed away. Molchan wound the chain around his fist, hit the merchant under the chin. Honorable Ali's vertebrae cracked. He fell down and didn't move. A warrior with a saber rushed at Molchan. Molchan grabbed him by the hand and hacked another warrior with his saber. After and with the first warrior managed. There was one pusher left.

- Now translate! Molchan says to the interpreter.

- To whom to translate? - the interpreter trembles.

- Translate for yourself! You can't work for the enemy! Don't serve the enemy!

He raised the interpreter above the ground, threw him on the floor, knocked the breath out of him. He looked back at the other prisoners.

“Well,” Molchan says, “come with me!”

Slaves shake their heads. Fear.

- They'll kill us! - they answer.

- Oh you! Molchan says. - That's why they kill you, because you are afraid! ..

Molchan wanted to take the saber with him. Touched her. No, not that blacksmith's work! He then turned the gate column. A good pole - just hit the arm. Turned it with a whistle. Here it is in our opinion.

Molchan Girya is walking down the street. They scream around. The boys from the roofs with pots and shards are throwing Molchan Girya.

The slave has escaped! Catch it, grab it! Beat him so that others would be disrespectful!

Khazars rush to Molchan Girya. Allarisii rush, the kagan's guard. They have shields, they have chain mail, spears, and Molchan has nothing but a log. Yes, only a log whistles - like a match flies in powerful hands.

- This is for the girls! This is for the kids! This is for old people! And this is for the fact that they climbed onto our land!

Crack like melons, Khazar heads. Sabers and spears break. Molchan has already received several wounds, but everything goes on, it breaks through.

The enemies of Molchan cannot be taken. The street is empty. Khazar warriors are lying on the street. Someone is dead, and someone is moving. Molchan Girya almost reached the pier. He wants to break the bolts, release all the Slavic captives.

But not released, not broken.

Someone contrived, ran in the backyard, shot Molchan Gire an arrow in the back of the head. Molchan died. The Khazars remembered Molchan for a long time. Reported to the kagan himself.

Kagan said:

- No one should know about this, especially from the slaves! .. A bad example! If everyone in Russia were like that, no one would take prisoners from them. They would bypass such land in three day's marches.

Pasley Vein

500 Christian virgins, who were taken to the Hagan, voluntarily drowned themselves in the Atel (Volga).

Armenian writer Mkhitar Ayrivank

Zhaden merchant Pasley Zhila. He walks around the market - he looks around with his eyes. He accepts payment for the goods - he will try every coin for a tooth. He examines each skin, almost sniffs it. You need to sleep at night, but he still walks around the yard. Doesn't trust the guards. Each bolt touches three times. The dogs in his yard are the most furious. As soon as they are released from the chain, Zhila himself is afraid of them.

There is no merchant richer than Pasley in those parts, but everything is not enough for him. Pasley has long wanted to trade with the Khazars, to go to their lands with goods himself. Yes, everyone doubts. The hour is not even, they will still rob on the way, you will lose everything.

But still decided Pasley. He went to the Khazar Tudun. Tudun is the governor of the Khazar Khagan in the lands that pay tribute to him. He monitors the payment of tribute, ensures that the interests of the Khazars are respected.

Pasley Zhila did not go empty-handed. Carried a walrus tusk with a thin pattern on the bone. This is a curiosity in the Russian lands, a curiosity in the Khazars. Thick Tudun. He barely turns his neck. Nevertheless, Pasley's gift was discerned. He was delighted, nodded to the slave to take away the tusk.

Tudun asks Pasley what he wants from him.

Pasley says:

- I am a poor man, I want to trade with Khazaria in order to improve my affairs. And I'm dying of hunger.

Tudun nods. He looks at Pasley's belly, which is no less than that of a tudun. Only the neck turns better: I'm used to locks and following the goods.

“I,” says Tudun, “I myself am a poor man, and I respect you, a poor man!” I will give you a safe-conduct on behalf of our kagan! Strong kagan! All Rus pays tribute to the kagan!

The sly Pasley nods. Happy for the kagan. Happy for Tudun.

Tudun continues:

- Many lands trade with Khazaria! And you trade, poor man! Climb up the Don to Belaya Vezha. There, drag to the Volga, and then sail along the Volga to Itil, the capital of the Khazars!

- What kind of goods to take with you? Pasley asks.

“Furs, honey, wax…” Tudun answers. - All this in Khazaria at a great price. And when you swim back, buy precious stones, necklaces, rings, plaques to decorate clothes and horse harness. Take silk and woolen fabrics. Take wine, spices! Here you sell all this - you will become five times richer!

Pasley rejoices, rubs his hands.

Tudun looks at him and asks:

– Do you, poor man, have a wife, children?

I have a smart wife and a beautiful daughter. And there is no one else! Pasley answers.

Tudun nods. He closes his eyes. Pretends to doze off. Pasley understands that it's time to say goodbye. He bows low, says goodbye, and as he walks across the yard, the tudun shouts to him:

“Wait, poor man!” Come back!

Pasley Zhila returns.

- Do me a favour! Take ten of my slaves with you to sell! Tudon says.

Pasley is embarrassed.

- And what kind of slaves?

- Slaves and slaves. Your slaves are Slavic, - Tudun answers. - They could not pay tribute to the kagan. I took pity on them, paid from my own pocket. I'm kind, right?

Clever Pasley nods, agrees.

– And now I’m selling debtors to the Khazar lands. Whom he himself took with his head, and whom he took pity on: he took his children. Although I am a good person, but should I compensate for the loss? And they will give birth to new children.

Pasley does not want to take slaves into his boat.

“There won’t be room,” he says, “in my boat!” A lot of goods. They will run away again, what good, and then answer.

Take it, poor man! - Tudun persuades. - Put them somewhere behind the barrels, under the deck flooring. They are chained, they will not run away. My warriors will guard them - no trouble for you. If a couple dies from stuffiness, it’s not a pity.

Zhila doubts.

- Yes, how? Others will find out that I sell my fellow tribesmen into slavery. Shame on me! One thing is the Varangians, the Khazars, and here I am, my own brother!

“No one will know,” the Tudun assures. - At the turn of the river, anchor until nightfall. And at night my soldiers will bring you slaves. And for the transportation of slaves, I will pay you in advance.

Seduced by Pasley Zhila. I took money from Tudun. And as he left, the Tudun called several Khazar warriors and whispered something to them for a long time.

Equipped Pasley Lived a boat. Loaded it with various goods. I loaded honey, grain, flax, hemp, skins. I said goodbye to my clever wife, to my beautiful daughter, promised to bring them gifts and set off. He swam to the bend of the river, anchored. The night is waiting.

Night has come. Walks on deck Pasley. He hears a whistle from the shore. A long boat sails out of the reeds. Loading the Zhile of slaves. A lot of them. Not even ten, but twelve - a whole dozen. It's dark, Pasley doesn't see a single face. All the slaves are shackled, bags are thrown over their heads, a gag is in their mouths so that they do not scream.

Pasley arranges them for barrels and immediately jumps out of there as soon as possible. He does not even give a voice so that his captives do not hear. Ashamed of him. Three Khazar warriors remain with the captives. Few, but the captives are chained, they cannot escape.

The boat rises to Belaya Vezha. They drag her to the Volga. She sails to Itil, the capital of the Khazars. Satisfied with Pasley Zhila. He counts the profits. He estimates how much he earns. Only he doesn’t go behind the barrels, he doesn’t want to see the prisoners. And he does not order his servants to go, so that no one will spill the beans later. And the Khazar warriors feed and water the slaves.

The boat is getting closer to Itil. It's hard to swim here. All the time the Khazar boats go towards them. Some with goods, others with warriors. There are also Norman rooks. Zhila looks around, admires. The Volga has many tributaries. A lot of fish. The land is fertile, fat. Countless cattle graze. Fruit trees, vineyards, orchards. All orchards and vineyards are irrigated from rivers. The Khazar nobility and merchants live richly. They are guarded by detachments of hired Muslim guards.

“Here,” Pasley Zhila thinks, “where the tribute goes from all lands!”

Sailed Zhila to Itil. Landed, dropped anchor. The inspectors immediately climbed onto the boat Veins. They asked what luck. They found out everything, examined the goods and demanded from Zhila a tenth of the goods or their value as a tax to the kagan. Nothing to do. Gilles had to fork out.

“Nothing,” he reassures himself, “I’ll return mine later.”

Went ashore, went to the market, began to trade. Trade is going well. Even before evening, Pasley Zhila sold honey, grain, flax, and hemp to local merchants. Successfully sold, at a profit. I received dirhems of local minting for them. Zhila examined them for a long time, tried them on the tooth, doubted. They look like Arabic dirhems, but instead of the inscription “Muhammad is the messenger of God”, they have “Moses is the messenger of God”. Zhila does not know the letters, but he still sees - the coins are different.

He walks through the market, makes his way to the pier. He estimates: I will spend the night on the boat, and in the morning I will buy goods myself, load them on the boat.

Suddenly he sees: one part of the market is fenced off with a palisade. Pasley makes his way there, and there, along the walls, hundreds of captives stand, sit and lie. Some in stocks, others in chains. Still others are only tied with ropes, and small children are not tied at all. Where will they go from their mothers? Merchants walk between them, looking closely ... For someone they give five coins, for someone they give one, and for someone they give ten.

Zhila understands that he got to a place where slaves are sold. There are slaves from different lands. Wants Pasley Zhila to slip to the pier as soon as possible and suddenly hears: a familiar female voice calls out to him.

He runs to the voice, sees his wife and beautiful daughter. Their elbows are intercepted behind their backs with a rope. They cry, they rush to him, but they just do not let them in. Standing next to them are those Khazar warriors who carried the captives in the hold of his boat.

Zhila rushed towards them. Shouts:

– Let them go! My daughter and wife are mine!

And the warriors grin.

“You yourself brought your wife and daughter to the slave market!” I didn’t look into the hold myself! .. And now we can’t give them away. We sold them to this venerable merchant!

And they point to a one-eyed Khazar merchant standing nearby. The merchant chuckles, and holds a letter in his hands. Zhila looks closely and sees on the letter the familiar seal of the tudun, to whom he went for advice.

Zhila understands that nothing can be done by force. Alien land here, alien laws. They don't pity him, they just laugh at him. He was fooled by the damned tudun. He ordered to seize his wife and daughter when the boat set sail, and secretly loaded onto his own boat at night. And this one-eyed man is in cahoots with him.

Sell ​​me my wife and daughter! I'll give you six dirhams for them! Zhila screams.

“Why do I need your six dirhams?” - says the one-eyed. - Give everything that you have, and be glad that I took pity on you! I could take myself as a slave, but who needs you so fat? Nobody will buy you.

The merchant Pasley Zhila grabbed his head. Tears his hair, but there is nothing to do. He gave all the money that he received for the goods, took his wife, took his daughter and went to the boat. Goes crying. He scolds his wife, scolds his daughter, scolds the Tudun.

And the one-eyed merchant after him mockingly shouts:

- Now you, dear, are really a poor person!

Roald and Sigurd

In the year 6370 (862). They expelled the Varangians across the sea, and did not give them tribute, and began to rule themselves, and there was no truth among them, and clan stood against clan, and they had strife, and began to fight with each other. And they said to themselves: "Let's look for a prince who would rule over us and judge by right." And they went across the sea to the Varangians, to Russia.

Tale of Bygone Years

To the north of the glades live the Chud, Sloven, Meri, Vesi and Krivichi tribes. They pay tribute not to the Khazars, but to the Varangians. The Varangians live on the shores of the Varangian (Baltic) Sea, on the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Each tribe is headed by a king. The lands of the Varangians are barren, stony. In hungry winters, the Varangians often take their children to the forest. Freeze, will not suffer. Girls are listed first. Boys are protected to the last. Boys are future warriors.

Every year, the Vikings gather in squads, board high-speed boats and go on campaigns for prey, in search of wealth and glory. They walk along the rivers, along the seas. They are both merchants and warriors. They see a large, protected city that is too tough for them - they trade or are hired for service. They see a small settlement or a village - they rob. Residents are killed, robbed, sold into slavery. It’s good if they manage to pay off them, and if they don’t, they will leave one ashes from the flourishing city. In every monastery in England and France, prayers are raised: "God, deliver us from the fury of the Normans!"

The Varangians are known under different names in different countries- Normans, northern people, Vikings, Varangians, Askemans. The Varangians do not know fear, they are not afraid of either footmen or horsemen. In battle, they themselves seek death. The Vikings believe: there is nothing better for a man than to die in battle or on a sea voyage.

A ship for the Varangians is their home. Sometimes, the boats go on a campaign in two or three, but it happens that for a large campaign, three hundred or four hundred boats are assembled.

Roald and Sigurd are two young Vikings. Both are strong and broad-shouldered. Roald has a red beard. Sigurd's beard is black, but gray on one side. They poked him with a brand during a raid on a Frankish village. Expensively they got then this village. Although they suddenly attacked, and cut everyone down, they took almost no booty - only an old sword, three sacks of wheat, and a lame cow. And those did not get Sigurd. He only took a female bone comb for himself, but then lost it. And why does he need a comb? Not married yet.

Roald and Sigurd are dressed almost identically. Long shirt, short baggy pants. Only their hats are different. Roald has fur, Sigurd has felt.

Between themselves, Roald and Sigurd are mortal enemies, although they grew up side by side and played together as boys. But everything changed in one second. Roald now hates Sigurd. He also hates Sigurd Roald.

Ten winters ago, Roald's uncle hacked to death Sigurd's father with an axe, who had gouged out the eye of Roald's younger brother, who had stolen his white horse, with an arrow. This is how it's all confusing. The two families could not reconcile then. It didn’t work out and pay the monetary compensation - wergeld.

Their women shout at each other, as if somewhere near a spring they will converge.

- You are to blame! You killed our father!

“And he knocked out our brother’s eye!”

Who stole the white horse? You started first!

The white horse has long died, and the enmity continues. Already several times Roald and Sigurd rushed at each other, miraculously survived.

Roald has a long scar on his cheek. From the eye to the chin. It was Sigurd who hit him with a light, long-handled hatchet, which was good, casually. Sigurd does not have a little finger. It was Roald who cut him off. The little finger dangled on the skin, then Sigurd completely cut it off with a knife and burned the wound with coal. The little finger will not grow, why should he hang around idle?

Roald and Sigurd would have completely killed each other from the world, but here they somehow hear a cry on the shore. They ran with the other men. They look, and these are the envoys of King Rurik who have sailed and are calling everyone to the campaign.

- Rurik is looking for brave warriors for his squad!

Sigurd thought. Roald thought. Ask:

- Is Rurik a good king?

The messengers were offended. Answer:

- There is no luckier Rurik in the whole world! He led three hundred ships to England. He plundered the entire coast, burned the monasteries. Then he went to France ... He captured so much booty, the ships almost went to the bottom. Whoever goes with Rurik will not return empty!

“Where is he going to fight now?”

- Rurik goes to the Slavic tribes. But do not fight, - the envoys answer.

– Trade? asks Sigurd.

- Do not trade. The Slavs paid tribute to the Varangians, then a lot of them gathered and drove us away. And now the Novgorodians are calling Rurik to their king. But Rurik cannot sail without a large squad. The strength of a king lies in the courage of his warriors.

Roald and Sigurd were puzzled. They cannot understand. It is not a joke to drive away the Varangians. They just won't leave. Since they left, it means that there is power in the Slavic lands. Ask:

“Why are they calling us again, since they drove us out then?”

- The lands of Novgorod are rich, they have many enemies. They need a strong king with a retinue for protection! .. But you also need to keep your ears open with the Novgorodians! If they don’t like the king, or the squad begins to oppress the merchants, they immediately drive this king away.

- And the salary? shouted someone from the crowd.

- Generous Rurik! Well, who will come with us? the ambassadors ask.

- I! shouted Sigurd.

- I! shouted Roald.

The envoys saw that Roald and Sigurd were strong, experienced warriors, and took them to the younger squad. And they didn’t take the senior. Rurik himself selects the senior when he sees a warrior in battle.

And here sit Roald and Sigurd in the same boat. Their warship is called "drakkar" - "dragon ship". His nose is adorned with a dragon's head. The sides are low. In a storm it overwhelms them with waves. The sail is square. The wind blows into it, the ship flies quickly. And when there is no wind, you have to take up the oars.

Many ships go to the Novgorod lands. They are drawn in a long line. King Rurik leads a large squad.

Roald and Sigurd look sideways at one another, but restrain themselves. Severe king. He does not like swarm during the campaign, he will not stand on ceremony. Kill Roald Sigurd - go to feed the fish. Kill Sigurd Roald - he will also go to the bottom.

Sigurd and Roald are bored. They examine their weapons, sharpen them.

Roald has a good spear, comfortable. So it is done that they can both chop and stab. Sigurd also has a spear. But only Sigurd loves the ax more. Well Sigurd owns an ax. They also have round shields and knives on a thin leather belt. But few of the Varangians have a sword. The sword is expensive, neither Sigurd nor Roald can afford it.

Boring and other Vikings on the boat. The wind is fair, and the current helps. It is rarely necessary to sit on the oars. The Vikings invented fun for themselves. They squat along the bench, putting their beards on it. Red beards, black, piebald, gray. As the beards are placed, they put the louse on the bench, unwind it with a feather and watch whose beard the louse chooses. In whose beard she settles, he won. The contented Varangian laughs, drinks the horn to the bottom, and others slap him on the shoulder and congratulate him:

“You are a good warrior, Snorri! A louse will not choose a bad warrior!

The Vikings sailed to the Slavic lands. Sigurd and Roald are standing in the boat, they are amazed. Beautiful land. Rivers, lakes, tall grasses. On the banks are fortified settlements. Well, everything is harmonious, strong, beautiful. Do not compare with the land of the Franks, nor the Lombards, nor the Frisians. There are only shacks along the banks and earthen holes.

- Gardarika! exclaims Sigurd.

- Country of cities! Roald agrees.

And then he grabs the belt on which the knife hangs. He remembers that up to that moment he had not spoken to Sigurd. And now, it turns out, he could not stand the character.

Drakkars moor to the shore. The Varangians are coming down. Residents of Novgorod meet Rurik and his team.

Roald and Sigurd are wandering around the city, looking closely. Peacefully they are accepted here, although with caution. Receive a salary from the king, but do not dare to rob. But all the same, the Vikings in Novgorod like it.

They are surprised that there are many of their fellow countrymen here. IN different years Vikings sailed here and stayed. Many are married to Slavs. Many were born here at all, the language of their fathers was forgotten. And another half century will pass, and the newcomer Vikings will completely mix with the Slavs. Customs and those are mixed. You look at another idol and you will not understand whose it is - Varangian or Slavic. Perun or Od in. It seems like you look like this: Perun, and this way - Odin.

Roald and Sigurd look around. They live richly here. The houses are wooden and strong. The roofs are not peat and the logs in the houses are not dug in a circle, like the Varangians, but lie across. So much warmer, no need to close up the cracks with clay. And most importantly, they live cleanly. Lice, from which I can’t save the Varangians, are not favored here. Clothes are washed in the river and beaten with rollers.

They also have wooden log cabins - baths. They heat them strongly, undress, pour kvass on themselves and whip themselves with brooms. The red ones will come out and let's jump into the cold river. How can lice survive here?

Roald and Sigurd went to the bathhouse. And there is such a heat - they barely got out alive.

- They killed us! Sigurd wheezes.

- Cooked alive! Roald cries.

They poured them out with water. The Vikings look that they are alive. A week later we went to the banya another time, then a third. They liked it.

They did not return to Scandinavia. They gradually began to settle down in the Novgorod lands. They married Slavs and had children. They even reconciled with each other, although somehow Sigurd Roald cut off half of his ear with a knife. Well, yes, he is in the heat of the moment, after drinking. Roald forgave him. Everything happens in life.

About the first Russian princes for students primary school

Kondratyeva Alla Alekseevna, primary school teacher, MBOU "Zolotukhinskaya secondary comprehensive school» Zolotukhino, Kursk Region
Material Description: I offer you literary material - a guide to the first Russian princes. You can use the material in a wide variety of forms: a conversation, a class hour, a quiz, a game hour, an extracurricular event, a virtual trip, etc. The material is designed to help any student answer important questions such as:
1) How did the Slavs live in ancient times?
2) When was the first Russian state formed?
3) Who ran it?
4) What did the first princes do for the power of the state and increase its wealth?
5) In what year did the Baptism of Russia take place?
chain: creation of a short, colorful, interesting reference book about the first Russian princes.
Tasks:
1. Contribute to the formation of ideas about the role of the first Russian princes in the internal and foreign policy Ancient Russia.
2. Arouse students' interest in the history of Russia, literature, expand their understanding of the history of Russia, develop a cognitive interest in reading, instill a strong interest in books.
3. To form a general cultural literary competence through the perception of literature as an integral part of the national culture, to form the communicative competence of students.
Equipment:
Exhibition of children's books on the history of Russia:
1. Bunakov N. Living word. S-P., 1863.
2. Vakhterovs V. and E. The world in stories for children. M., 1993.
3. Golovin N. My first Russian story in stories for children. M., 1923.
4. Ishimova A. History of Russia in stories for children. M., 1990.
5. Petrushevsky. Stories about old times in Russia. Kursk, 1996.
6.What is it? Who is this? M., 1990.
7. Chutko N.Ya., Rodionova L.E. Your Russia: Textbook-reader for the beginning of school. Obninsk. 2000.
8. Tenilin S.A. The Romanov dynasty. Brief historical reference book, N. Novgorod, 1990.
9. Encyclopedia. I know the world. Russian history. Astrel, 2000.
10.. Encyclopedia for children. History of Russia. M., 1995.
Event progress:
Teacher's story.
It is known that the main written source about the distant times of our homeland are chronicles, including the famous "Tale of Bygone Years", compiled in the twelfth century by the monk of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery Nestor.

Today we will make another virtual trip to Ancient Russia and find out how our people lived and who ruled in ancient times. We will collect with you basic information about the life of the first Russian princes and compile our own written source for all inquisitive schoolchildren, which we will call "A Brief Historical Guide to the First Russian Princes".
More than a thousand years have passed since Russia received Holy Baptism. This happened under Prince Vladimir, who was nicknamed the Red Sun by the people, the Baptist of Russia in 988.

Today we are celebrating the 1000th anniversary of the repose of the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir.

Prince Vladimir is the beloved grandson of Princess Olga, who did a lot to spread the faith of Christ in Russia. Our distant past - Russians, Russians, Russians - is connected with the tribes of the ancient Slavs. Slavic tribes (Krivichi, Northerners, Vyatichi, Radimichi, Glade, Drevlyans ...) were constantly afraid that enemies would attack them, devastate settlements, and take away everything that had been accumulated by the labor of people. Fear forced the Slavs to unite in order to defend their lands together. At the head of such an association was an elder, a leader (they called him a prince). But the princes could not live in harmony, in peace: they did not want to share wealth and power. These strife went on for a long time.
And then the Slavic people decided:"Let's look for a prince who would bring order to our land, who would be fair and smart." This is what the chronicle says.
The Slavs turned to the Varangians for help (the Varangians lived in the northern country of Scandinavia). The Vikings were famous for their intelligence, patience and military prowess.
In 862, the first Rulers in the Ancient Fatherland were the brothers Rurik, Sineus and Truvor.

The first Russian prince Rurik brought his army (team) to Novgorod and began to reign there.

The country in which they settled became known as Russia.
Since that time, Rus began to be called the lands ruled by Rurik and after him by other Varangian princes: Oleg, Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav. The princes strengthened Russia, maintained order within the country, and took care of its security.

Rurik (d. 879) - Varangian, Novgorod prince and ancestor of the princely, which later became royal, Rurik dynasty.

In one of the campaigns in foreign lands, Rurik died. Instead of him, his relative, Prince Oleg, began to reign.

Oleg the Prophet (882-912)

“Let this city be the mother of Russian cities!”- this is what Prince Oleg said about Kyiv-grad. Oleg really liked the city of Kyiv and he remained to reign there (as the chronicle tells, in 911, at the very beginning of the 10th century).

The city was surrounded by a moat and strong log walls.

Under Oleg, Kyiv not only grew richer, but also greatly strengthened. The prince strengthened his power with the help of military campaigns, which brought great wealth. Oleg received the nickname "prophetic" among the people, that is, omniscient, knowing what others are not given to know. This nickname reflects his insight, wisdom.
There is a legend about the death of Prince Oleg. They say that a magician (foreteller) told him that he would die from his beloved horse. Since then, Oleg has not mounted this horse.

Once, after many years, the prince remembered his favorite, but found out that he was dead.
Oleg laughed at the magician's prediction and decided to look at the horse's bones. The prince stepped on the horse's skull and laughed: "Is it not from this bone that I die?"
Suddenly, a snake crawled out of the skull and stung Oleg. He died from this bite.

Reproduction of the painting by V.M.Vasnetsov "Oleg's farewell to the horse"
These paintings Vasnetsov wrote to the work of A.S. Pushkin "Song of the Prophetic Oleg"

(Demonstration of the book. An excerpt is read.)
Student:
The prince quietly stepped on the horse's skull
And he said: “Sleep, lonely friend!
Your old master has outlived you:
At the funeral feast, already close,
It's not you who will stain the feather grass under the ax
And drink my ashes with hot blood!

So that's where my death lurked!
The bone threatened me with death!”
From dead head coffin snake
Meanwhile, hersing crawled out;
Like a black ribbon wrapped around the legs:
And suddenly the stung prince cried out.
Oleg was a brave prince, the people loved him and pitied him when he died. Oleg was not only brave, but also smart, he defeated many neighboring peoples, ruled the state for 33 years.

Igor is the son of Rurik. (912-945)

Igor assumed power over Russia after the death of Oleg. When Rurik died, Igor was a very small child and could not govern the people himself. His uncle, Oleg, who loved his nephew very much and took care of him, reigned for him. Igor's reign was marked by several major military campaigns of Russian troops. In addition to Byzantium, the Russians were attracted by the shores of the Caspian Sea, which beckoned with their riches, because the famous trade route ("from the Varangians to the Greeks") went along the Volga through the sea, which connected Russia with the countries of the Arab East.

Prince Igor was distinguished by his greed. He collected tribute from the Slavic tribe of the Drevlyans, who lived in dense forests. Igor's combatants took away their honey, leather, furs, dried meat and fish. But everything was not enough for the prince. Then the Drevlyans decided to kill Igor in order to free themselves from an unbearable tribute and punish the prince for greed. So they did.

Olga the Holy (945 - circa 965) - Grand Duchess, widow of Prince Igor.

Princess Olga is one of the most interesting faces of ancient Russian history. The peculiarity of her position lies in the fact that of all the rulers of the "Rurik Empire" she is the only woman. Its origin is unknown. Probably, she was "from the family of neither Prince nor Grandee, but from ordinary people."
During her reign, Russia did not fight with any of the neighboring states.
Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga became the spiritual mother of the Russian people; through her, their enlightenment with the light of the faith of Christ began. 957 - baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople in the church of Hagia Sophia. The high moral ideals of Christianity, major commandments of God – "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart and with all thy soul, and thy neighbor as thyself" - became close to the heart of Princess Olga. Olga became famous in Russia for her deeds of piety, she built one of the first Russian Christian churches - wooden church of Hagia Sophia in Kyiv.

The chronicle calls Olga "the wisest of all people" and talks about the princess's tireless cares for "arrangement of the earth." The baptism of all Russia took place only under Olga's grandson, Prince Vladimir. Olga lived a very long time and left the kindest memory of herself.

Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich (957 - 972)

Svyatoslav from an early age was distinguished by his will, nobility and courage. He constantly practiced riding, learned to wield a spear, shot from a bow and grew up to be a mighty hero. Svyatoslav dressed not like a prince, in expensive clothes, but like a simple warrior. Svyatoslav was the living embodiment of a mighty force. The prince-warrior lived only 27 years, but he managed to make six victorious campaigns and remained young and brave in the memory of the Russians. On campaigns, he did not carry carts or boilers with him, did not boil meat, but, cutting horse meat, or “animal” (game), or beef, into thin slices, roasted it on coals and ate it. Nor did he have tents, but slept on the ground. Gloomy and ferocious, he despised any comfort, slept in the open air and put a saddle under his head instead of a pillow.
Going on a campaign, he first sent messengers to say: "I'm going to you."

Grand Duke Vladimir - grandson of St. Olga, son of Svyatoslav.

Student:
The choice of faith is a ray in the window,
Like the sun turning.
In the simplicity of the heart of the Sun
The people called Vladimir.
The grace of the Lord has come.
The light of Christ is illumined.
Faith light burns today
Becoming the foundation of the foundations.
Princess Olga, often talking with her grandson, talked about her journey to Constantinople, about foreign, unknown lands, about peoples. And more and more about their God - Christ and His Mother, the Virgin Mary. Naturally wise, enterprising, courageous and warlike, he ascended the throne in 980.
Being a pagan, Vladimir was a power-hungry, zealous adherent of idolatry.
Pagan gods of the Slavs

The pagan Slavs erected idols, near which they not only made sacrifices, but swore oaths, arranged ritual feasts.

Nestor the chronicler lists the names of pagan idols, which Prince Vladimir, while still a pagan, placed on the hill behind the grand duke’s tower: “a wooden Perun with a silver head and a golden mustache, Khors, Dazhbog, Stribog, Simargl and Mokosh.

And they offered sacrifices to them, calling them gods, and brought their sons and daughters to them.
The most ancient supreme male deity among the Slavs was Genus. Already in Christian teachings against paganism of the XII-XIII centuries. they write about Rod as a god worshiped by all peoples. Rod was the god of the sky, thunderstorms, fertility. They said about him that he rides on a cloud, throws rain on the ground, and from this children are born. He was the ruler of the earth and all living things, he was a pagan creator god.

Such was Russia on the eve of Baptism ...
In his young years, Prince Vladimir knew that he could unite people, make one big people of a great power. This is the only faith, the faith by which the soul lives. That faith that is not for sale and is not bought, but for which it is not a pity to give one's life.
Who and how offered to choose faith for Prince Vladimir?
The Volga Bulgars - the Mohammedan faith, the Germans - Catholicism, the Khazars - the Jewish faith, the Byzantines - the Christian faith. Prince Vladimir learned the Christian faith from a Greek philosopher.
In 988 he was baptized in the city of Korsun and was named Vasily. Before this event, the prince was struck by blindness, from which he suddenly received healing during the sacrament of baptism performed on him. Returning to Kyiv, the Grand Duke baptized, first of all, his children on the Pochaina River, which flows into the Dnieper. The place where they were baptized is still called Khreshchatyk. Then, having destroyed the idols in the city, he converted the people of Kiev to the Orthodox faith and thereby laid the foundation for the spread of the Christian faith in Russia.

Baptism of Russia
1 student:
Noon, warmed by the heat,
The earth glows with heat.
Waves of warm light
Filling the fields.
Above the green space
Where the river winds
Like snowy mountains
Clouds float away.
I'm standing over a cliff
I see a golden splash
The wind flutters lazily
Strands of white birches.
Silver flow,
Jets like glass
Here is Holy Baptism
Our Russia accepted.
White birds are circling
Above the Dnieper in the sky,
And the words of the chronicler
I suddenly remembered.
2 student:
Nestor accurately and vividly
Saint's Day described:
Everyone was in a hurry to break
Old and small went to the Dnieper.
nature rejoiced,
The distance is transparently light!
And the people gathered
On the Dnieper without a number.
The sun was just rising
The sky turned pink.
With images, with a censer
There was a procession to the river.
The robes sparkled brightly,
Decorated with crosses
Pearls, stones, enamels
Unearthly beauty.
The priests went singing
And they carried the holy cross,
loaded with prayer
Into the water a golden cross.
3 student:
Over the Dnieper steep
Watched the christening
Prince Vladimir the mighty
In expensive clothes.
The people of Kiev went into the water
And they went up to the chest.
And from now on the Slavs
A new path has been chosen.
Angels sang from heaven
silver river,
The one that became the font
For Russia for centuries.
Spread open in the sky
Golden window:
In a blessed prayer
Many souls saved!

Prince Vladimir ordered to baptize the people everywhere and build wooden churches, placing them in the very places where idols used to stand. Beautiful works of Greek architecture appeared in Russia. Temples were decorated with paintings, silver, gold. And from that time on, the faith of Christ began to spread throughout the Russian land and penetrate into its most remote outskirts.

Saint Vladimir took care of his people, opened and improved schools, hospitals and almshouses. The poor, the poor and the weak found fatherly protection and patronage from him.
So Prince Vladimir lived until his death and died in his beloved village of Berestovo,
near Kyiv, July 15, 1015. The Russian Church appreciated the great feat of Prince Vladimir and canonized him among the saints, calling him the Equal-to-the-Apostles. His memory is honored by the Church on the day of his death.
This year, 2015, we commemorate the 1000th anniversary of the repose of the Great Saint.

Check yourself: "The first Russian princes"

1. Set the chronological sequence of the reign of the first Russian princes
(Rurik, Oleg. Igor, Olga, Svyatoslav, Vladimir ...)
2. Name the prince who proclaimed Kyiv the capital of the ancient Russian state.
(Oleg. In 882, Prince Oleg captured Kyiv and made it the capital of the state.)
3. Indicate the name of the prince, who always warned his opponent about the offensive with the phrase "I'm going to you"(Prince Svyatoslav, son of Igor and Olga)
4. The ancient Slavs worshiped the elements, believed in the relationship of people with various animals, and made sacrifices to deities. This faith got its name from the word "people". What was the name of this belief?
(Paganism. “People” is one of the meanings of the ancient Slavic word “language”.)
5. Because he did such a great and holy deed - he baptized his people in the true faith - after death he became holy and pleasing to God. Now they call him that - the holy prince. Which prince baptized Russia? (Holy Prince Vladimir is the grandson of Princess Olga).
6. On what river did the Baptism of Russia take place?(On the Pochaina River, which flows into the Dnieper)
7. Where did the Grand Duchess Olga receive her Baptism of Christ?

Irina Tarasenko

Target:

Give an idea of ​​the way of life ancient Slavs,

to cultivate interest in the history of the Motherland, respect for the ancestors.

Tasks:

Develop attention, the ability to understand the task. - To cultivate perseverance, purposefulness in achieving the final result. Create good mood, bring children joy, new experiences.

To expand the knowledge of children about the strength and glory of heroic Russia. introduce the name of the clothes of the Russian hero: (chain mail, helmet, boots, weapons of the Russian warrior (spear, shield, bow, quiver, sword).

Develop the ability to maintain a conversation, encourage the desire to express their point of view. Activate dictionary: strong, brave, courageous, fearless, courageous, courageous, mighty.

Give an idea of ​​epics and storytellers. To cultivate a positive attitude towards folklore through Russian folk melodies, to feel the character and rhythm of music.

To bring up love and respect for our ancestors - the defenders of the Motherland, respect for their courage.

Types of joint activities: playful, motor, communicative, productive.

preliminary work: reading fairy tales about Russian heroes, looking at paintings by V. Vasnetsov.

move classes: Children build "time Machine", enter the house ancient Slavs, are talking about the heroes (clothes and weapons). Build a layout ancient settlement . Round dance. Oak Conversation. Decorating an oak leaf.

GCD progress:

1. Educator:

Guys, let's say hello to our guests.

Hello golden sun

hello blue sky

Hello, free breeze,

Hello little oak.

We live in our native land

I welcome you all.

Guys, have you noticed that I'm wearing unusual clothes? Our ancestors, the Slavs, wore such clothes. And today, I invite you to go to travel and look at the time when our ancestors lived on earth, into the past. How can you get there? (children's answers). Let's build a time machine.

Children are given cards - colored squares with the image of various geometric shapes, different quantities. Proposed scheme layout "time machines", according to which they collect it from blocks.

We built a time machine

The magic engine warmed up,

And in time now we will carry me,

We'll go to visit great-grandmother there,

And we will shake hands with Dobrynya.

We give a countdown 5,4,3,2,1 - start (music plays, lights go on).

2. Educator: - Here we are in the past.

Glory to the Russian side!

Glory to Russian antiquity!

And about this old

I'll start telling

For all of you to know

About the affairs of the native land.

Let's go and see what it looks like, shall we? Presumably, this is how the dwelling of our ancestors, the Slavs, looked like.

Why is it so dark? At that time there was no electricity and glass, and a bull bubble was pulled over small windows, through which little sunlight. They illuminated the hut with a torch - a thin long chip of a dry tree, and to strengthen the burning torch served - a light (from the word light). The teacher clearly shows how to make a torch and strengthens it in the light. In the hut at the torch, our ancestors were engaged in housework, needlework, sang songs, told fairy tales.

3. Educator: Look who's walking there. (everyone leaves "huts", the teacher picks up the harp).

An old storyteller came to the settlement, which means that today he will tell us an epic - a song legend about the exploits of heroes. So people in the old days learned about heroes, because then there was no radio, TV, newspapers, so the storyteller went from village to village and sang (sounds like a song) about heroes-heroes, about exploits, about how it was. About the deeds and victories of the heroes, about how they overcame evil enemies, defended their land, showed courage, courage, ingenuity, kindness.

The speaker said so:

I'll tell you about old things,

Yes, about experienced

Yes, about battles, yes, about battles,

Yes, about heroic deeds!

Who are the rich people? (who protects the Russian land from enemies)

What should be a Russian hero? (strong, mighty, brave, courageous, brave, kind)

And he went with his bare hands to the enemies? (answers children: armor, shield, sword, chain mail, spear, bow, arrows, quiver)

Let's stand together one, two, three

We are now heroes

We put our hands to our eyes,

Let's spread our strong legs,

As if in a dance, hands to hips,

Leaning left, right

Turns out to fame (text movements)

4. Educator:

Guys, we have already visited one hut, and now I suggest you build a layout - ancient, Slavic settlement. The Slavs are a glorious, good, kind people. They needed somewhere to live, and therefore they chose places to live near forests and rivers.

The teacher invites the children to think about why the Slavs in antiquities settled in forests and near rivers. Then he summarizes the children's answers and explains that it was possible to hunt in the forest, pick mushrooms and berries, and fish in the rivers. They raised domestic animals, and, having cleared a piece of forest, they grew bread.

Each family chose a place for building housing in the vast expanses of our Motherland (lays a green tablecloth on the table, it was desirable to choose such a place on a hillock so that water would not flood the dwelling. There should be forests nearby (puts tree models on the table). There is a proverb "To live by the forest - not to be hungry" (figures of wild animals). There must be a river or lake near the dwelling (puts a bowl of water on the table).

There were many children in families, children created their own families, more and more people became. Villages and villages began to appear, households were started (figurines of pets and birds) it was easier for everyone to manage the household and help each other, because relatives, relatives always help each other (children put several models of wooden houses on the table). Each settlement was surrounded by a fence (a wicker fence is placed around the houses). And behind the fence was a moat filled with water (around the fence lays out a moat with water). So we fenced our houses, and we got a fortress, a fortified Slavic town. From such towns, the heroes left to defend their homeland, the Russian land.

A courageous, hardworking, kind and glorious people lived in Russia, who could sing songs and dance in their free time.

round dance "Oh, you Porushka-Poranya".

5. Educator:

Guys, and you know, in order for the weapons in the hands of the heroes to be strong, the heroes turned to God with a prayer. Leaving for a campaign, they approached an oak tree, took with them a leaf and a handful of their native land.

Oak, what tree? (children's answers).

Oak is a mighty tree, it was revered in Russia for its power, vitality, gave strength to people. Let us, like our ancestors, perform this ceremony.

We grew oak - (squatting, children slowly rise, pull their hands up).

Here it is!

Root yes it -

That's so deep! (lean down, showing the root)

Leaves yes it -

So wide (spread arms out to sides)

Branches yes it -

That's so high! (hands up) Oak-oak, you are mighty (slowly raise clasped hands up)

In the wind you, oak, creaky. (shaking hands)

Give me strength, courage, kindness, (right hand on heart)

To the native land

Protect from the enemy!

6. Artistic creativity. Children coloring blanks "oak leaf".

7. Oh, guys, it's time for us to return to kindergartens. Let's go to "time machine", we give a countdown 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (space music).

8. Educator: - On what we are with you traveled?

Where have we been?

What they were doing?

What do you remember?

History of Russia in stories for children Ishimova Alexandra Osipovna

Old Russian state*VI-XII centuries*

Slavs until 862

Do you love listening to children? wonderful stories about brave heroes and beautiful princesses. You are amused by fairy tales about good and evil wizards. But, probably, it will be even more pleasant for you to hear not a fairy tale, but a true story, that is, the real truth? Listen, I will tell you about the deeds of our ancestors.

In the old days in our Fatherland, Russia, there were no such beautiful cities as St. Petersburg and Moscow. In those places where you now admire beautiful buildings, where you run so cheerfully in the shade of cool gardens, once there were impenetrable forests, swampy swamps and smoky huts; in some places there were cities, but not at all as large as in our time: people lived in them, beautiful in face and figure, proud of the glorious deeds of their ancestors, honest, kind and affectionate houses, but terrible and implacable in war. They were called Slavs.

V. M. Vasnetsov. Battle of the Scythians with the Slavs. 1881

The Slavs were strong and brave warriors. They were constantly fighting with neighboring peoples. Most of the Slavs went into battle armed with darts and shields. It was during the battles that the true character of the Slavs was best manifested.

They were so honest that in their promises, instead of oaths, they only said: “If I do not keep my word, then let me be ashamed!” - and always fulfilled the promise. They were so brave that even distant nations were afraid of them; so affectionate and hospitable that they punished the host whose guest was somehow offended. The only pity is that they did not know the true God and prayed not to Him, but to various idols. Idol means a statue made of wood or some metal and representing a person or beast.

The Slavs were divided into different tribes; the Northern or Novgorod Slavs did not even have a Sovereign, which happens to many uneducated peoples: they revered as their boss the one who distinguished himself the most in the war. On the field where they fought and then celebrated victory or glorified their fallen comrades, one could best see the true character of the Slavs. It is a pity that the songs that were usually sung at that time by their singers have not come down to us. We would then know them well, because in folk songs the people are expressed. But I can offer you a few lines, from which you will still get a better and more detailed idea of ​​​​the Slavs than our short story can give you. This is an excerpt from the poem "Song of Barda over the coffin of the victorious Slavs" by the famous Russian poet Vasily Zhukovsky:

"Strike the ringing shield! Flock militias!

The abuse has ceased - the enemies have subsided, squandered,

Only the steam over the ashes sat thick;

Only a wolf, hidden in the darkness of the night,

Eyes shining, runs to catch plentiful.

Let's light an oak fire; dig a grave ditch!

Lay on the shields of the fallen to dust.

Yes, the hill is broadcasting here for centuries about wartime days,

Yes, the stone here keeps the sacred footprint of the mighty!

Thundering ... there was a rumble in the awakened oak forest!

Leaders and hosts flocked;

Deaf midnight darkness all around;

Before him is the prophetic Bard, crowned with gray hair,

And a terrible row of fallen ones, stretched out on shields.

Embraced in thought with a drooping head;

There is blood and dust on menacing faces;

Lean on swords: among them the fire burns

And with a whistle the mountain wind raises their curls.

And lo! a hill is erected and a stone is erected,

And the oak, the beauty of the fields, brought up over the centuries,

He bowed his head on the turf and irrigated with current;

And lo! powerful fingers

The singer hit the strings -

animated jingled!

He sang - the oak forests groaned,

And the rumble rushed over the mountains.

This picture from the life of the ancient Slavs is beautifully and truly presented. Looking at her, it seems you see our proud, warlike ancestors.

But this very militancy, guarding their land, was also the cause of great evil for her. You have already heard that, having no sovereigns, they considered as their chief the one who distinguished himself more than others in the war; and since they were all brave, it sometimes happened that there were many such leaders. Each of them wanted to order in his own way; the people did not know whom to listen to, and therefore they had endless disputes and disagreements. But, you know how terrible quarrels are? And you, in your small affairs, probably already happened to experience their unpleasant consequences and the difference in feelings and your position, when everyone around you is pleased with you, and you are happy with them.

And the Slavs also saw that during the disagreements, all their affairs went badly, and they even stopped defeating their enemies. For a long time they did not know what to do. Finally, figured out how to put everything in order. On the shores of the Baltic Sea, therefore, not very far from our Fatherland, lived a people named Varangians-Rus, descended from the great conquerors in Europe - Normannov.

These Varangians-Rus were considered smart people by their neighbors: they had good sovereigns for a long time, there were laws according to which these sovereigns ruled them, and therefore the Varangians lived happily, and they even managed to sometimes defeat the Slavs - however, this happened only then, how they attacked them during their disputes and disagreements.

V. M. Vasnetsov. Trizna according to Oleg. Illustration for the book "The Song of the Prophetic Oleg" by A.S. Pushkin. 1899

After the death of a prince or warrior, the Slavs held a solemn feast in memory of him. All relatives, all warriors gathered for this feast. The singer-gusliar came. Fingering the strings, he sang the deeds and deeds of the deceased, gave him glory.

Here the Slavic old people, seeing the happiness of the Varangians and wishing the same for their homeland, persuaded all the Slavs to send ambassadors to this brave and enterprising people to ask their princes to rule them. The ambassadors told the Varangian princes this: "Our land is great and rich, but there is no order in it: go reign and rule over us."

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