Professionalisms are ... The meaning of the term, examples
In addition to common words in Russian, there are words that are used much less frequently. These include various jargon and turns used in professional speech. Professionalisms are words that are used by people of a particular profession, or simply related to a particular specialization. But, unlike terms, they are not accepted as official concepts and are not applicable in scientific activity.
Term Features
It is worth dwelling in more detail on what professionalisms are in Russian. Often these words are slang expressions. The informal nature of lexemes suggests that they are not used everywhere. Their use may be limited to a narrow circle of people: belonging to the same specialty, qualifications, working in the same organization. Often the range of concepts becomes wider over time.
Practically people of any profession have their own set of professionalisms. This is due to the need to clearly identify all the processes and phenomena in working life, many of which often have no definition. Such words are formed through associations with everyday concepts. Often, for a person who is not privy to the intricacies of a particular profession, confusion may arise when meeting with words from In real life, they can denote completely different objects.
For example, the word "peasants" in legal speech denotes witnesses to a crime, and not villagers.
Characteristics and application
Another characteristic feature of professionalism is emotional coloring and expression. Many are used to denote negative working phenomena, errors in production. Their similarity with colloquial expressions is noticeable: in some cases it is almost impossible to distinguish between these concepts. They are always formed in oral speech. In some cases, the word has a terminological analogue, which is not used due to the difficulty of pronunciation, the cumbersomeness of the word.
Many examples can be given from the railroad trades. Each type of transport here has its own designation, sometimes consisting of abbreviations and numbers. It is quite difficult to use them in speech, therefore, substitute concepts appear in the communication of railway workers.
For example, a tank with 8 axles is called a "cigar", and a diesel locomotive TU2 is called a "carcass" by road workers. There are similar examples in aviation: the AN-14 aircraft was nicknamed the “bee”.
Designations have not only technical devices, but also individual professions and positions. Dreziners are called drivers of track cars. Some of the professional words are distorted foreign designations: reading the Latin alphabet without observing the rules of pronunciation (for example, "designer" - designer).
Examples from different professions
In some works of fiction, writers also use professionalisms. This is necessary for depicting a certain category of people, conveying emotions and for character dialogues. Many representatives of professions do not even notice how they use the words of this vocabulary in their speech. Teachers, sports coaches, economists and designers have them. In legal and advocacy practice, the phrase “to sew a case” means “investigation with a bias towards prosecution”. Musicians and music teachers have an expression “major mood”, which carries a rather positive connotation. Rich in professionalism and the language of medical workers, where complex names of diagnoses are replaced by ironic, simplified words.
"Betseshnik" is called a patient infected with hepatitis B and C, "flicker" is called atrial fibrillation. The main purpose of such words in this case is to make the speech shorter and more capacious, and to speed up the process of helping patients.
Use in speech
Professionalisms in the Russian language are little studied, linguists try to avoid this phenomenon. The appearance of such words is spontaneous, and it is difficult to find certain boundaries for them and give a clear designation. There are some educational publications in which experts try to give a list of professionalisms. Such dictionaries will help students and pupils in their further work activities: to quickly get up to speed and understand colleagues, not to experience difficulties in oral communication with narrow specialists.
Problems of professionalism
One of the problems is the misunderstanding of professionalism by people who do not belong to a particular one. Many of these expressions are not found in dictionaries. And those that are found in dictionary and terminological publications are hardly distinguished from the terms themselves and vernacular. The inability to find a precise definition of professionalism can cause confusion even among the representatives of the professions themselves. And because of this - errors in work, failures. Information barriers arise when employees and qualified specialists communicate with their management. It is more common for employees to use special expressions in their speech, but their meaning is unfamiliar to many managers. As a result, some isolation of groups of workers at different levels appears, and conflicts may arise.
