Chemical properties of amino acids table. Properties and functions of amino acids. Specific color reactions

Amino acids are heterofunctional compounds that necessarily contain two functional groups: an amino group - NH 2 and a carboxyl group -COOH associated with a hydrocarbon radical. The general formula of the simplest amino acids can be written as follows:

Since amino acids contain two different functional groups that influence each other, characteristic reactions differ from characteristic reactions. carboxylic acids and amines.

Properties of amino acids

The amino group - NH 2 determines the basic properties of amino acids, since it is able to attach a hydrogen cation to itself according to the donor-acceptor mechanism due to the presence of a free electron pair at the nitrogen atom.

The -COOH group (carboxyl group) determines the acidic properties of these compounds. Therefore, amino acids are amphoteric organic compounds. They react with alkalis like acids:

With strong acids - like bases - amines:

In addition, the amino group in an amino acid interacts with its carboxyl group, forming an internal salt:

The ionization of amino acid molecules depends on the acidic or alkaline nature of the medium:

Since amino acids behave like typical amphoteric compounds in aqueous solutions, they play a role in living organisms. buffer substances maintaining a certain concentration of hydrogen ions.

Amino acids are colorless crystalline substances that melt with decomposition at temperatures above 200 °C. They are soluble in water and insoluble in ether. Depending on the R- radical, they can be sweet, bitter, or tasteless.

Amino acids are divided into natural (found in living organisms) and synthetic. Among natural amino acids (about 150), proteinogenic amino acids (about 20) are distinguished, which are part of proteins. They are L-shaped. Approximately half of these amino acids are indispensable, because they are not synthesized in the human body. Essential acids are valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, threonine, cysteine, methionine, histidine, tryptophan. These substances enter the human body with food. If their amount in food is insufficient, the normal development and functioning of the human body is disrupted. In certain diseases, the body is not able to synthesize some other amino acids. So, with phenylketonuria, tyrosine is not synthesized. The most important property of amino acids is the ability to enter into molecular condensation with the release of water and the formation of an amide group -NH-CO-, for example:

The macromolecular compounds obtained as a result of such a reaction contain a large number of amide fragments and, therefore, are called polyamides.

In addition to the above-mentioned synthetic nylon fiber, these include, for example, enanth, which is formed during the polycondensation of aminoenanthic acid. Synthetic fibers are suitable for amino acids with amino and carboxyl groups at the ends of the molecules.

Polyamides of alpha-amino acids are called peptides. Based on the number of amino acid residues dipeptides, tripeptides, polypeptides. In such compounds, the -NH-CO- groups are called peptide groups.

Isomerism and amino acid nomenclature

The isomerism of amino acids is determined by the different structure of the carbon chain and the position of the amino group, for example:

The names of amino acids are also widespread, in which the position of the amino group is indicated by the letters of the Greek alphabet: α, β, y, etc. So, 2-aminobutanoic acid can also be called α-amino acid:

Methods for obtaining amino acids

Among nitrogen-containing organic matter there are connections with a dual function. Particularly important of these are amino acids.

About 300 different amino acids are found in the cells and tissues of living organisms, but only 20 ( α-amino acids ) of them serve as links (monomers) from which the peptides and proteins of all organisms are built (therefore they are called protein amino acids). The sequence of these amino acids in proteins is encoded in the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding genes. The remaining amino acids are found both in the form of free molecules and in bound form. Many of the amino acids are found only in certain organisms, and there are some that are found in only one of the great many described organisms. Most microorganisms and plants synthesize the amino acids they need; animals and humans are not capable of forming the so-called essential amino acids obtained from food. Amino acids are involved in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, in the formation of compounds important for organisms (for example, purine and pyrimidine bases, which are an integral part of nucleic acids), are part of hormones, vitamins, alkaloids, pigments, toxins, antibiotics, etc.; some amino acids serve as intermediaries in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Amino acids- organic amphoteric compounds, which include carboxyl groups - COOH and amino groups -NH 2 .

Amino acids can be considered as carboxylic acids, in the molecules of which the hydrogen atom in the radical is replaced by an amino group.

CLASSIFICATION

Amino acids are classified according to structural features.

1. Depending on relative position amino and carboxyl groups of amino acids are divided into α-, β-, γ-, δ-, ε- etc.

2. According to quantity functional groups distinguish between acidic, neutral and basic.

3. By the nature of the hydrocarbon radical, they distinguish aliphatic(fat) aromatic, sulfur-containing and heterocyclic amino acids. The above amino acids belong to the fatty series.

An example of an aromatic amino acid is para-aminobenzoic acid:

An example of a heterocyclic amino acid is tryptophan, an essential α-amino acid.

NOMENCLATURE

According to the systematic nomenclature, the names of amino acids are formed from the names of the corresponding acids by adding the prefix amino and indicating the location of the amino group in relation to the carboxyl group. The numbering of the carbon chain from the carbon atom of the carboxyl group.

For example:

Another method of constructing amino acid names is also often used, according to which the prefix is ​​added to the trivial name of the carboxylic acid amino indicating the position of the amino group by the letter of the Greek alphabet.

Example:

For α-amino acidsR-CH(NH2)COOH

Which play an extremely important role in the life processes of animals and plants, trivial names are used.

Table.

Amino acid	abbreviated designation	The structure of the radical (R)
Glycine	Gly (Gly)	H-
Alanine	Ala (Ala)	CH3-
Valine	Val (Val)	(CH 3) 2 CH -
Leucine	Leu (Leu)	(CH 3) 2 CH - CH 2 -
Serene	Ser (Ser)	OH-CH2-
Tyrosine	Tyr (Tyr)	HO - C 6 H 4 - CH 2 -
Aspartic acid	Asp (Asp)	HOOC–CH2-
Glutamic acid	Glu (Glu)	HOOC-CH2-CH2-
Cysteine	Cys (Cys)	HS-CH2-
Asparagine	Asn (Asn)	O \u003d C - CH 2 - │ NH2
Lysine	Lys (Liz)	NH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 - CH 2 -
Phenylalanine	Phen	C 6 H 5 - CH 2 -

If an amino acid molecule contains two amino groups, then its name uses the prefixdiamino, three groups of NH 2 - triamino- etc.

Example:

The presence of two or three carboxyl groups is reflected in the name by the suffix – diovaya or -triic acid:

isomerism

1. Isomerism of the carbon skeleton

2. Isomerism of the position of functional groups

3. Optical isomerism

α-amino acids, except for glycine NH 2-CH 2 -COOH.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Amino acids are crystalline substances with high (above 250°C) melting points, which differ little in individual amino acids and are therefore uncharacteristic. Melting is accompanied by the decomposition of matter. Amino acids are highly soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents, which is how they are similar to inorganic compounds. Many amino acids have a sweet taste.

RECEIVING

3. Microbiological synthesis. Known microorganisms that in the process of life produce α - amino acids of proteins.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Amino acids are amphoteric organic compounds, they are characterized by acid-base properties.

I . General properties

1. Intramolecular neutralization → a bipolar zwitterion is formed:

Aqueous solutions are electrically conductive. These properties are explained by the fact that amino acid molecules exist in the form of internal salts, which are formed due to the transfer of a proton from the carboxyl to the amino group:

zwitterion

Aqueous solutions of amino acids have a neutral, acidic or alkaline environment, depending on the number of functional groups.

APPLICATION

1) amino acids are widely distributed in nature;

2) amino acid molecules are the building blocks of which all plant and animal proteins are built; amino acids necessary for the construction of body proteins, humans and animals receive as part of food proteins;

3) amino acids are prescribed for severe exhaustion, after heavy operations;

4) they are used to feed the sick;

5) amino acids are necessary as a remedy for certain diseases (for example, glutamic acid is used for nervous diseases, histidine for stomach ulcers);

6) some amino acids are used in agriculture for feeding animals, which positively affects their growth;

7) are of technical importance: aminocaproic and aminoenanthic acids form synthetic fibers - nylon and enanth.

ON THE ROLE OF AMINO ACIDS

Finding in nature and the biological role of amino acids

Finding in nature and the biological role of amino acids

Amino acids are the main building material of any living organism. By their nature, they are the primary nitrogenous substances of plants, which are synthesized from the soil. The structure of and and amino acids depend on their composition.

Amino acid structure

Each of its molecule has carboxyl and amine groups, which are connected to the radical. If an amino acid contains 1 carboxyl and 1 amino group, its structure can be denoted by the formula below.

Amino acids that have 1 acid and 1 alkaline group are called monoaminomonocarboxylic. In organisms are also synthesized and whose functions determine 2 carboxyl groups or 2 amine groups. Amino acids containing 2 carboxyl and 1 amino groups are called monoaminodicarboxylic, and those containing 2 amine and 1 carboxyl group are called diaminomonocarboxylic.

They also differ in the structure of the organic radical R. Each of them has its own name and structure. Hence the different functions of amino acids. It is the presence of acidic and alkaline groups that ensures its high reactivity. These groups connect amino acids and form a polymer - a protein. Proteins are also called polypeptides because of their structure.

Amino acids as a building material

A protein molecule is a chain of tens or hundreds of amino acids. Proteins differ in composition, quantity and order of amino acids, because the number of combinations of 20 components is almost infinite. Some of them have the entire composition of essential amino acids, while others do without one or more. Separate amino acids, the structure, the functions of which are similar to the proteins of the human body, are not used as food, as they are poorly soluble and do not break down the gastrointestinal tract. These include the proteins of nails, hair, wool or feathers.

The functions of amino acids cannot be overestimated. These substances are the main food in the diet of people. What is the function of amino acids? They increase the growth of muscle mass, help strengthen joints and ligaments, restore damaged body tissues and participate in all processes that occur in the human body.

Essential amino acids

Only from supplements or food products can be obtained Functions in the process of forming healthy joints, strong muscles, beautiful hair are very significant. These amino acids include:

• phenylalanine;
• lysine;
• threonine;
• methionine;
• valine;
• leucine;
• tryptophan;
• histidine;
• isoleucine.

Functions of essential amino acids

These bricks perform the most important functions in the work of every cell of the human body. They are imperceptible as long as they enter the body in sufficient quantities, but their deficiency significantly impairs the functioning of the whole organism.

1. Valine renews muscles, serves as an excellent source of energy.
2. Histidine improves blood composition, promotes muscle recovery and growth, improves joint function.
3. Isoleucine helps produce hemoglobin. Controls the amount of sugar in the blood, increases a person's energy, endurance.
4. Leucine strengthens the immune system, monitors the level of sugar and leukocytes in the blood. If the level of leukocytes is too high: it lowers them and connects the body's reserves to eliminate inflammation.
5. Lysine helps calcium absorption, which forms and strengthens bones. Helps the production of collagen, improves hair structure. For men, this is an excellent anabolic, as it builds muscle and increases male strength.
6. Methionine normalizes the functioning of the digestive system and liver. Participates in the breakdown of fats, removes toxicosis in pregnant women, and has a beneficial effect on hair.
7. Threonine improves the functioning of the digestive tract. Increases immunity, participates in the creation of elastin and collagen. Threonine prevents the deposition of fat in the liver.
8. Tryptophan is responsible for human emotions. Produces serotonin - the hormone of happiness, thereby normalizes sleep, improves mood. It tames the appetite, has a beneficial effect on the heart muscle and arteries.
9. Phenylalanine serves as a transmitter of signals from nerve cells to the brain of the head. Improves mood, suppresses unhealthy appetite, improves memory, increases susceptibility, reduces pain.

A deficiency of essential amino acids leads to stunting, metabolic disorders, and a decrease in muscle mass.

Non-essential amino acids

These are amino acids, the structure and functions of which are produced in the body:

• arginine;
• alanine;
• asparagine;
• glycine;
• proline;
• taurine;
• tyrosine;
• glutamate;
• serine;
• glutamine;
• ornithine;
• cysteine;
• carnitine.

Functions of non-essential amino acids

1. Cysteine ​​eliminates toxic substances, is involved in the creation of skin and muscle tissues, and is a natural antioxidant.
2. Tyrosine reduces physical fatigue, speeds up metabolism, eliminates stress and depression.
3. Alanine serves for muscle growth, is a source of energy.
4. increases metabolism and reduces the formation of ammonia at high loads.
5. Cystine eliminates pain in case of injury to the ligaments and joints.
6. is responsible for brain activity, during prolonged physical exertion it passes into glucose, producing energy.
7. Glutamine restores muscles, improves immunity, speeds up metabolism, enhances brain function and creates growth hormone.
8. Glycine is essential for muscle function, fat breakdown, blood pressure and blood sugar stabilization.
9. Carnitine moves fatty acids into cells where they are broken down to release energy, resulting in excess fat being burned and energy being generated.
10. Ornithine produces growth hormone, participates in the process of urination, breaks down fatty acids, and helps the production of insulin.
11. Proline provides the production of collagen, it is necessary for ligaments and joints.
12. Serine improves immunity and produces energy, is needed for the rapid metabolism of fatty acids and muscle growth.
13. Taurine breaks down fat, raises the body's resistance, synthesizes bile salts.

Protein and its properties

Proteins, or proteins, are macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen. The concept of "protein", first designated by Berzelius in 1838, comes from the Greek word and means "primary", which reflects the leading value of proteins in nature. A variety of proteins makes it possible for the existence of a huge number of living beings: from bacteria to the human body. There are significantly more of them than other macromolecules, because proteins are the foundation of a living cell. They make up approximately 20% of the mass of the human body, more than 50% of the dry mass of the cell. Such a variety of proteins is due to the properties of twenty different amino acids that interact with each other and create polymer molecules.

An outstanding property of proteins is the ability to independently create a specific spatial structure characteristic of a particular protein. Proteins are biopolymers with peptide bonds. For chemical composition proteins tend to have a constant average nitrogen content of approximately 16%.

Life, as well as the growth and development of the body, is impossible without the function of protein amino acids to build new cells. Proteins cannot be replaced by other elements, their role in the human body is extremely important.

Functions of proteins

The need for proteins lies in the following functions:

• it is necessary for growth and development, as it acts as the main building material for the creation of new cells;
• controls metabolism, during which energy is released. After eating, the metabolic rate increases, for example, if the food consists of carbohydrates, the metabolism accelerates by 4%, if from proteins - by 30%;
• regulate in the body, due to its hydrophilicity - the ability to attract water;
• strengthen the immune system by synthesizing antibodies that protect against infection and eliminate the threat of disease.

Products - protein sources

Muscles and the human skeleton consist of living tissues that not only function, but are also updated throughout life. They recover from damage, retain their strength and durability. To do this, they require well-defined nutrients. Food provides the body with the energy needed for all processes, including muscle function, tissue growth and repair. And protein in the body is used both as a source of energy and as a building material.

Therefore, it is very important to observe its daily use in food. Protein-rich foods: chicken, turkey, lean ham, pork, beef, fish, shrimp, beans, lentils, bacon, eggs, nuts. All these foods provide the body with protein and provide the energy needed for life.

Organic (carboxylic) acids containing, as a rule, one or two amino groups (NH2). Depending on the position of the amino group in the carbon chain in relation to the carboxyl, a, b, y, etc. are distinguished. A. in nature are widespread a A., ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

AMINO ACIDS, a class of organic compounds containing carboxyl (COOH) and amino groups (NH2); have the properties of both acids and bases. Participate in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances of all organisms (initial compounds in the biosynthesis of hormones, ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

Class of organic compounds containing carboxyl (COOH) and amino groups (NH2); have the properties of both acids and bases. They participate in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances in all organisms (the initial compound in the biosynthesis of hormones, vitamins, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

AMINO ACIDS, from, units amino acid, s, fem. (specialist.). A class of organic compounds that have the properties of both acids and bases. | adj. amino acid, oh, oh. Dictionary Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Org. compounds with a dual function of an acid, due to the presence of a carboxyl group (see Carboxyl), and a basic one, associated with the presence of an amino group (NH2) or (less often) an imino group (NH), which is usually part of the heterocycle. Examples... Geological Encyclopedia

amino acids- organic compounds containing one or two amino groups; derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the hydrogen in the radical is replaced by an amino group; structural units of a protein molecule. protein: alanine. arginine. asparagine. proline. aspartic ... ... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

amino acids- - carboxylic acids in which at least one carbon atom of the hydrocarbon chain is replaced by an amino group ... Concise Dictionary of Biochemical Terms

AMINO ACIDS- AMINO ACIDS, organic acids (containing the COOH group), in which one or more H atoms in the alcohol radical are replaced by alkaline amino groups (NHa), as a result of which A. belong to Mr. n. amphoteric compounds. Depending on the… … Big Medical Encyclopedia

Amino acids- * amino acids * amino acids are a class of organic compounds that are characterized by the properties of both carboxylic acids and amines (table). They differ from each other in chemical nature side chains (groups). Based on the polarity of A. groups, they can ... Genetics. encyclopedic Dictionary

AMINO ACIDS- a class of organic compounds whose molecules contain amino groups (NH2) and carboxyl groups (COOH). A. are widely distributed in nature, are part of protein molecules. All A. solid crystalline substances, dissolve well in water ... ... Great Polytechnic Encyclopedia

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It's no secret that a person needs protein to maintain life at a high level - a kind of building material for body tissues; proteins contain 20 amino acids, the names of which are unlikely to say anything to an ordinary office worker. Every person, especially when it comes to women, has at least once heard about collagen and keratin - these are proteins that are responsible for appearance nails, skin and hair.

Amino acids - what is it?

Amino acids (or aminocarboxylic acids; AMA; peptides) are organic compounds, 16% consisting of amines - organic derivatives of ammonium - which distinguishes them from carbohydrates and lipids. They are involved in protein biosynthesis by the body: in the digestive system, under the influence of enzymes, all proteins that come with food are destroyed to AMK. In total, there are about 200 peptides in nature, but only 20 basic amino acids are involved in the construction of the human body, which are divided into interchangeable and irreplaceable; sometimes there is a third type - semi-replaceable (conditionally replaceable).

Non-essential amino acids

Non-essential amino acids are those that are both consumed with food and reproduced directly in the human body from other substances.

• Alanine - monomer biological compounds and proteins. Carries out one of the dominant pathways of glucogenesis, that is, it turns into glucose in the liver, and vice versa. A highly active participant in metabolic processes in the body.
• Arginine is an AMA that can be synthesized in the body of an adult, but not capable of being synthesized in the body of a child. Promotes the production of growth hormones and others. The only carrier of nitrogenous compounds in the body. Helps to increase muscle mass and reduce fat.
• Asparagine is a peptide involved in nitrogen metabolism. During the reaction with the enzyme asparaginase, it cleaves off ammonia and turns into aspartic acid.
• Aspartic acid - takes part in the creation of immunoglobulin, deactivates ammonia. Necessary for malfunctions of the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
• Histidine - used to prevent and treat gastrointestinal diseases; is making a positive difference in the fight against AIDS. Protects the body from the harmful effects of stress.
• Glycine is a neurotransmitter amino acid. Used as a mild sedative and antidepressant. Enhances the effect of some nootropic drugs.
• Glutamine - in a large volume Activator of tissue repair processes.
• Glutamic acid - has a neurotransmitter effect, and also stimulates metabolic processes in the central nervous system.
• Proline is one of the components of almost all proteins. They are especially rich in elastin and collagen, which are responsible for the elasticity of the skin.
• Serine - AMK that is contained in the neurons of the brain, and also contributes to the release of large amounts of energy. It is a derivative of glycine.
• Tyrosine is a component of animal and plant tissues. Can be reproduced from phenylalanine by the action of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase; the reverse process does not occur.
• Cysteine ​​is one of the components of keratin, which is responsible for the firmness and elasticity of hair, nails, and skin. It is also an antioxidant. Can be made from serine.

Amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body are essential

Essential amino acids are those that cannot be generated in the human body and can only come from food.

• Valine is an AMA found in almost all proteins. Increases muscle coordination and reduces the body's sensitivity to temperature changes. Supports the hormone serotonin at a high level.
• Isoleucine is a natural anabolic that, in the process of oxidation, energizes muscle and brain tissue.
• Leucine is an amino acid that improves metabolism. It is a kind of "builder" of the protein structure.
• These three AMCs are part of the so-called BCAA complex, which is especially in demand among athletes. The substances of this group act as a source for increasing the volume of muscle mass, reducing fat mass and maintaining good health during particularly intense physical exertion.
• Lysine is a peptide that accelerates tissue regeneration, the production of hormones, enzymes and antibodies. Responsible for the strength of blood vessels, contained in muscle protein and collagen.
• Methionine - takes part in the synthesis of choline, the lack of which can lead to increased accumulation of fat in the liver.
• Threonine - gives elasticity and strength to the tendons. It has a very positive effect on the heart muscle and tooth enamel.
• Tryptophan - supports the emotional state, as it is converted into serotonin in the body. Indispensable for depression and other psychological disorders.
• Phenylalanine - improves the appearance of the skin, normalizing pigmentation. Supports psychological well-being by improving mood and bringing clarity to thinking.

Other methods for classifying peptides

Scientifically, the 20 essential amino acids are subdivided based on the polarity of their side chain, that is, the radicals. Thus, four groups are distinguished: (but not having a charge), positively charged and negatively charged.

Non-polar are: valine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, proline. In turn, aspartic and glutamic acids are classified as polar, having a negative charge. Polar, having a positive charge, called arginine, histidine, lysine. Amino acids with polarity but no charge include directly cysteine, glutamine, serine, tyrosine, threonine, asparagine.

20 amino acids: formulas (table)

Amino acid	Abbreviation
Asparagine
Aspartic acid
Histidine
Glutamine
Glutamic acid
Isoleucine
Methionine
tryptophan
Phenylalanine

Based on this, it can be noted that all 20 in the table above) have carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen in their composition.

Amino acids: participation in the life of the cell

Aminocarboxylic acids are involved in the biological synthesis of proteins. Protein biosynthesis is the process of modeling a polypeptide ("poly" - many) chain from amino acid residues. The process takes place on the ribosome - an organelle inside the cell that is directly responsible for biosynthesis.

Information is read from a section of the DNA chain according to the principle of complementarity (A-T, C-G), when creating m-RNA (matrix RNA, or i-RNA - informational RNA - identically equal concepts), the nitrogenous base thymine is replaced by uracil. Further, according to the same principle, a transporting amino acid molecule is created to the site of synthesis. T-RNA is encoded by triplets (codons) (example: WAU), and if you know which nitrogenous bases a triplet represents, you can find out which amino acid it carries.

Food groups with the highest AUA content

Dairy products and eggs contain important substances such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, tryptophan, methionine and phenylalanine. Fish, white meat have a high content of valine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan. Legumes, grains and cereals are rich in valine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, threonine, methionine. Nuts and various seeds will saturate the body with threonine, isoleucine, lysine, arginine and histidine.

Below is the amino acid content of some foods.

The largest amount of tryptophan and methionine can be found in hard cheese, lysine - in rabbit meat, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and phenylalanine - in soy. When compiling a diet based on maintaining normal BUN, you should pay attention to squid and peas, and potatoes and cow's milk can be called the poorest in terms of peptide content.

Amino acid deficiency in vegetarianism

The fact that there are such amino acids that are found exclusively in animal products is a myth. Moreover, scientists have found that plant protein is absorbed by the human body better than animal. However, when choosing vegetarianism as a lifestyle, it is very important to follow the diet. The main problem is that one hundred grams of meat and the same amount of beans contain different amounts of AUA in percentage terms. At first, it is necessary to keep records of the content of amino acids in the food consumed, then this should reach automaticity.

How many amino acids should be consumed per day

AT modern world absolutely all foods contain the nutrients necessary for a person, so you should not worry: all 20 protein amino acids are safely supplied with food, and this amount is enough for a person who leads a normal lifestyle and at least a little watching his diet.

The athlete's diet must be saturated with proteins, because without them it is simply impossible to build muscle mass. Physical exercise leads to a colossal consumption of amino acids, so professional bodybuilders are forced to take special supplements. With intensive muscle building, the amount of protein can reach up to one hundred grams of protein per day, but such a diet is not suitable for daily consumption. Any food supplement implies an instruction with the content of different AUAs in a dose, which must be read before using the drug.

The effect of peptides on the quality of life of an ordinary person

The need for proteins is present not only among athletes. For example, the proteins elastin, keratin, collagen affect the appearance of hair, skin, nails, as well as the flexibility and mobility of the joints. A number of amino acids affect the body, keeping the balance of fat at an optimal level, provide enough energy for Everyday life. After all, in the process of life, even with the most passive way of life, energy is expended, at least for breathing. In addition, cognitive activity is also impossible with a lack of certain peptides; the maintenance of the psycho-emotional state is carried out, among other things, at the expense of the AMC.

Amino acids and sports

Diet professional athletes involves a perfectly balanced diet that helps maintain muscle tone. They make life very easy, designed specifically for those athletes who work on gaining muscle mass.

As mentioned earlier, amino acids are the main building blocks of proteins needed for muscle growth. They are also able to speed up metabolism and burn fat, which is also important for beautiful muscle relief. When exercising hard, it is necessary to increase the intake of BUAs because they increase the rate of muscle building and reduce post-workout pain.

The 20 amino acids in proteins can be consumed both as part of aminocarboxylic complexes and from food. If you choose a balanced diet, then you need to take into account absolutely all grams, which is difficult to implement with a heavy workload of the day.

What happens to the human body when there is a lack or excess of amino acids

The main symptoms of amino acid deficiency are: poor health, lack of appetite, brittle nails, increased fatigue. Even with a lack of one BUN, there are a huge number of unpleasant side effects that significantly impair well-being and productivity.

Oversaturation with amino acids can lead to disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, which, in turn, is no less dangerous. In turn, symptoms similar to food poisoning may appear, which also does not entail anything pleasant.

In everything you need to know the measure, so compliance healthy lifestyle life should not lead to an overabundance of certain "useful" substances in the body. As the classic wrote, "the best is the enemy of the good."

In the article, we examined the formulas and names of all 20 amino acids, the table of the content of the main AMK in products is given above.