Stresses in words presentation. Accents in Russian. Do you notice errors related to the placement of stress in a word in the speech of your interlocutors? How do you react to them?

Features of Russian stress Stress in the Russian language is heterogeneous, that is, it is not assigned to a specific syllable Sr Edstva Dos Ug Catal Og Asymmetr Iya Variability makes stress in the Russian language an individual feature of each individual word! E U O I

Stress in short adjectives He is right - she is right - they are right Ava He is cheerful - she is cheerful - they are in Esely He is stupid - she is stupid - they are g Ups He is deaf - she is deaf - they are g Ears He is proud - she is proud - they are Hordes He rude - she is rude - they are strong He is alive - she is alive - they are Willows He is strong - she is strong - they are strong He is busy - she is busy - they are busy

Verbs with an accent on the base in all forms except the feminine form He took - she tookA - they br Ali He fzyal - she fzyalA - they fz Yali He drove - she droveA - they gn Ali He lived - she livedA - they f Or He called - she called - they called Ali He took off - she took offA - they were sleeping Yali He was sleeping - she was sleepingA - they were sleeping Ali

Verbs with an accent on the prefix, except for the feminine form He z Amer - she froze - they z Amerli He started - she started - they started He left - she left - they left He understood - she understood - they understood He understood Inyal - she accepted - they accepted He s Anyal - she took - they s Anyal He n Anyal - she hired - they n Anyal

Two groups of verbs on -bed ballot I block I guarantor I disqualify I discuss I stage I copy I cop I bombers At engravers At grouping At shakers At fillings At examples At formed At block IrovannypremiOvanny The same in the participles I AND I I I I I A A A A A A A O

Verbs with an accent on the ending include It - you turn on Ish - he turns on It - they turn on At for the key And it - you for the key And sh - he for the key And it - they for the key At t zvon I t - you ring And sh - he ringing And t - they ringing I t lighten I t - you lighten And sew - he lightens And t - they lighten And t repeat I t - you repeat And sew - they repeat I t cheer up And sew - you cheer up And sew - they cheer up I t Worse I t - you aggravate I t - they aggravate I t

To successfully master the orthoepic norm, you must: - Learn to listen carefully and critically to your speech and the speech of others; - Constantly check spelling dictionaries; - Stop being sensitive to comments in this area; - distinguish between two pronunciation styles – strict and colloquial

References 1. Grot Y.K. On some laws of Russian stress // Izv. Academician Sci. T. VII, Issue 1. M., Khazagerov T.G. Stress in Russian inflection. Rostov N/D, Dal V. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language, vol. 1. Don dialect. M., 1955.

SAOU SPO NSO "Barabinsky Medical College"

Orthoepic norms

Prepared by: Khritankova N.Yu.,

teacher of Russian language and literature

Word stress Accentology

• Word stress - highlighting by various phonetic means (amplification of the voice, raising the tone in combination with an increase in duration, intensity, volume) of one of the syllables in the word.
• The features and functions of stress are studied by such a branch of linguistics as accentology. Stress norms are also called accentological.

Peculiarities accents in Russian

1. Russian accent is varied, i.e. can fall on any syllable and on different morphemes: HOUSE, pantry.

2. Russian accent can be in different words mobile And motionless. If in different forms of a word the stress falls on the same part, then it is motionless : I'm talking, I'm talking, I'm talking. An accent that changes its place in different forms of the same word is called movable: Run out - run out, grass - grass.

Peculiarities accents in Russian

3. Emphasis may change over time. For example, words with a tendency to move the stress towards the end of a word -and I. Not long ago it was considered the correct pronunciation metalUrgy, industry. Now the norm is metallurgy, industry.

4. Some words in the Russian language show fluctuations in stress. In most dictionaries, the stress variants in the following words are recognized as equal: Avgustovsky - Augustovsky, bunAlo - bungalow, dzhinsovy - jeans, KazAki - Cossacks, etc.

Peculiarities accents in Russian

5. In addition, the place of stress depends on the origin of the word. Thus, most words borrowed from French retain the stress on the last syllable: dispensary, blinds, curé.

6. Often stress is determined by the final combination of vowels and consonants. For example:

• Al (in foreign words): quarter, penAl, final;
• Atai: herald, regular, spy;
• log(inanimate objects): catalogue, monologue, obituary;
• the wire(in compound words): gas pipeline, garbage pipeline, water supply; But: electrical wire

Features of stress in different parts of speech. Noun

Nouns have 4 types of stress movement:

1. From the ending in singular forms to the stem in plural forms: sausage - sausages, sausages - sausage.

2. From the stem in singular forms to the endings of plural case forms, with the exception of the nominative case: NEWS - news.

3. From the stem in singular forms to the ending in plural forms: word - words, word (etc.) - words.

Noun

4. Some words do not have a stable stress pattern in different forms: earth, earth, earth (singular), earth, earth, earth (plural), cheek, cheek (singular), cheeks, cheeks , cheeks (plural).

Adjective

In adjectives, problems arise with the placement of stress in short forms:

1. For many words, the stress location is maintained quite consistently: brought up, brought up, brought up .

2. The shift of stress from the stem to the ending is observed in feminine forms while maintaining the place of stress in all others: daring, daring, daring.

3. There are options with a stressed ending in short plural forms: close, close, close, close, close And close

Not so long ago, the only correct forms were considered simple, right, true, Today there is a shift in stress in these words: TRUE, RIGHT, SIMPLE.

Participle

Shifting the stress is typical for short forms of passive participles:

1. In the presence of the suffix -yonn- only masculine forms retain the stress of the full participle: braided - braided, braided, braided.

2. Participles with the suffix -t- have unstable stress: mined, mined and mined, mined, mined and mined, mined and mined .

3. If the verb from which the participle is formed has a stressed suffix -o-, -well-, then the stress in the participle goes to the first syllable: bend - bent, prick - pricked .

Verb

In verbs, difficulties with stress placement arise:

1. In past tense forms, where it is either kept on the same syllable as in the infinitive: threw - throw, threw, threw; or moves to other syllables. Most often, the emphasis goes to the ending in feminine forms: call - called, called, called, called.

2. In many reflexive verbs in past tense forms, the stress is on the ending: accept - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

3. In verbs ending in -is, having the original emphasis on the root, a new norm is being consolidated with the stressed suffix -and-: sparkle, shine, nest.

Verb

4. The difficulty is presented by verbs with the suffix - irova-. Some of them have a primordial or long-established emphasis on

-to analyze: to analyze, to idealize, to review, others keep the stress on the last syllable: to form, reward, bombard.

5. You should remember the stress in some verbs: pamper - pamper - pamper, block, exhaust, costume, uncork, facilitate, inform, anticipate, force, offer, deepen, intercede.

check yourself

1. Mark the words in which the stress is placed correctly.

A) alcohol

b) gas pipeline

V) kitchen

G) blinds

d) spoiled

2. Mark the words in which the stress is placed correctly.

A) security

b) aggravateKill

V) has become obsolete

G) callIt

d) got drunk

check yourself

3. Mark the words in which the stress is placed correctly.

A) convicted

b) meager

V) petitionersApply

G) hyphen

d) in shoes

4. Mark the words in which the stress is placed correctly.

A) in-depth

b) contract

V) leisure

G) napA

d) the Omen

check yourself

5. In which words is the third syllable stressed?

A) apocrypha

b) apostrophe

V) bureaucracy

G) anatomist

6. In which words is the first syllable stressed?

a) provision

b) spark

c) funds

d) convening

check yourself

7. In which words is the second syllable stressed?

a) anger

b) dispensary

V) obituary

G) petition

8. In which words is the second syllable stressed?

a) statue

b) sorrel

V) quarter

G) force

check yourself

9. In which words is the third syllable stressed?

A) masterfully

b) exalted

c) pizzeria

d) uncork

10. Find words that are characterized by variable stress.

A) intention

b) run out

V) thinking

G) phenomenon

check yourself

11. Find nouns in which the stress in all cases and numbers remains on the same syllable.

a) carpenter

b) cake

V) queue

G) quarter

12. Find nouns in which the stress in all cases and numbers remains on the same syllable.

A) agreement

b) Earth

c) scarf

d) dove

Answers

1 – a, c

2 – a, d, d

3 – b, d

4 – b, c

5 – a, b, c

6 – b, c

7 – g

8 – b, c, d

9 – a, c

10 – c, d

11 – b, d

12 – a, c

Used sources

Saint Petersburg

2. Ivanova Yu.S. Unified State Exam. Russian language: help in preparing for the practical exam [Text]/Yu.S. Ivanova - M.: Trigon, 2008.

3. Nefedova I.Yu. Russian language. Preparation for the Unified State Exam. “Language norms” [Text]/ I.Yu. Nefedova - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009

4. Senina N.A. Russian language. Preparation for the Unified State Exam - 2012: educational and methodological manual [Text]/ N.A. Senina - Rostov n/a: “Legion”, 2011

“Orthoepic norms” - Accent. Principles of Russian spelling. Traditional Writing has developed historically; when checking, we turn to etymology. Orthoepic warm-up. Before soft consonants, paired hard consonants are softened. Rule 5: dch and tch are pronounced as [ch"] (at the junction of morphemes). Historical alternations. Norms for pronouncing vowel sounds.

“Phonics, sounds and letters” - Consonant sounds. Let's decide together. The combinations dch, tch are pronounced [Ch’]. Indicate the erroneous judgment. Which word has more sounds than letters? In the word ANGRY, all consonants are voiced. Phonetics. Hard and soft consonants. Before voiced consonants, deaf people are voiced. In which word is the vowel [o] pronounced?

“Emphasis” - More beautiful, more talkative, fuller. 7) In the pronunciation of terms. Kitchen, significant. 9) Non-distinction of homonyms. One-part, transitive verb. 8) In full adjectives. Variation of stress. Arrow - arrows. Beets, oil pipeline, leisure, fortune telling. Bite (common) – bite (special) Silk (common) – silk (special).

“Posters on the Russian language” - Sounds. Sonority scale. Letters. Drums. Sonorous. Recommendations: We write and read. Strong position. Soft. ! You can launch links in any order! Weak position. (Change their quality). Sonorant consonants. Voiceless consonants. Voiced consonants. Always hard. They indicate the softness of consonants. Sounds and letters.

“Phonetics is a branch of the science of language” - Phonetics. Consonant sounds. Training exercises. Determine which consonant sound is (voiceless or voiced). Read these words. Read the phrases. Make up word combinations with these pairs of words. Distribute these words into two columns. Write down the transcription of the following words. What does phonetics study?

“Phonetic analysis of the word” - Identify vowel sounds. Hedgehog. Phonetic analysis of the word. A lion. Vowels. Parsing order. b and b. Consonant sounds and letters. Trees. Phonetic analysis.

There are 19 presentations in total

Hypothesis: villagers
and schoolchildren violate
accent norms,
because they don't give
values ​​are correct
pronunciation of words.

The purpose of the work is to explore
compliance with standards
emphasis by residents
Senokosnoye village
Razdolnensky
district

In the process of achieving goals, we decided
the following tasks:
- study the literature on the research topic;
- explain the concept of “language norm”;
- study the peculiarities of stress in Russian
language;
- find out the reasons for violation of norms
accents;
- examine compliance with stress norms
residents of the village of Senokosnoye;
-make any contribution to the solution
problems of violation of spelling norms
-residents of the village of Senokosnoye.

Object of study
is the culture of speech
schoolchildren and
representatives
older generation.

.
Subject of study -
errors related to
violation of accent norms.

S.I. Ozhegov, famous Russian
linguist, compiler of the Russian Dictionary
language", the total circulation of which is over 7
millions of copies, wrote that
“Speech culture is the ability to correctly
accurately and expressively convey your
thoughts through language"

Speech norm is a sample
uniform, generally accepted
use of language elements
PESHKOVSKY
ALEXANDRMATVEEVICH (1878–1933),
Russian linguist, Russian specialist
language

Variability is the ability of stress
fall on any syllable of a Russian word:
on the first - icon painting, on the second - expert,
on the third - blinds, on the fourth - apartments. In many languages
world the emphasis is attached to a certain
syllable.
Mobility is a property of stress
move with
one syllable to another when changing
(declension or conjugation)
the same word: water - water, you walk. Most of the words
Russian language (about 96%) has movable
emphasis.

Reasons for deviations from stress norms

* Reasons for deviations
from stress norms
* Local dialects. So, in
North Russian dialects
there is a tendency towards
shifting the emphasis to
prefix: veil, sentence.
* Borrowed words.
Foreign words
productions are Russified in
their accents are similar to
similar Russian words.
For example, bamboo - bamboo
(instead of bamboo) appeared
under the influence of approximately
shapes, like a badger - a badger.
*Colloquial language - people
they speak like they do
comfortable
(you call, put it on hold,
more beautiful).
* Professionalisms:
spark - spark (y
drivers), mining mining (miners,
oil workers).
*Media (means
mass media)

Do I need to follow accent rules?

*Does it need to be followed?
accent norms?
yes 96%
no 4%

Are you following accent standards?

*
yes 83%
No
11%
in communication
6%

Do you notice errors related to the placement of stress in a word in the speech of your interlocutors? How do you react to them?

*
Do you notice any errors related to
placing emphasis on a word,
in the speech of your interlocutors?
How do you react to them?
notice
31%
notice
but not
correct
54%
do not notice
15%
Row 1

Why do you think your peers make mistakes in stress placement?

*
Why do you think your
peers make mistakes
placement of emphasis?
lacks
knowledge
74%
inattention
7%
19%

Results of a study of knowledge of stress norms by 6th grade students

*Results of a study of knowledge of norms
accents by 6th grade students

CAKES, call, put,
most beautiful,
needles, developed (language), copy,
prey, pamper,
the case, called, begun, more beautiful,

Results of a study of knowledge of stress norms by 9th grade students

*
Knowledge Research Results
norms of stress for 9th grade students
Genesis, flounder, maiden,
provision, dispensary,
Ukrainian, three-way-horns, turn it on,
table, called, started, more beautiful,
Call me, sheet,
create, cork, pamper

Results of a study of knowledge of stress norms by 10th grade students, teachers, school staff, and parents

*
Results of the study of knowledge of norms
emphasis by 10th grade students, teachers,
school staff, parents
Exercise. Place stress on the words:
gas pipeline, gross, gastronomy,
hyphen, Avgustovsky, catalog Og, Iskra, zAnya
-th, intention, blinds, medics,
whooping whooping nettle, flint, balovnik,
arrest, alcohol, apostrophe, grenadier,
inform, exhaust, seal,
turn it on, make it easier, enviable

Results of testing the knowledge of respondents

*Test results
knowledge of respondents
teachers
Grade 10
0,58
technical person0.57
n.parents
0,55
9th grade
0,5
6th grade
0,29
0,15
Right
wrong

Booklet
“Stress norms in verses”
He's calling,
They are calling.
Very
meet
want.
Aircraft
will arrive
To the airports.
Choose a gift
helped me
One good one
catalog.
I'm plum juice
bought,
I'll get a jar at home
opened.
Turned out to be juice
tomato
Nothing for me
It's clear.
Nature
beautiful
createdA,
Needs to
our defense
she
Buy it for me
sweet cake,
Well, it's better
Cakes.
Reporting day
has arrived
Time to close
quarter.
I'll be more beautiful
everyone
And is waiting for me
success.

This presentation can be used both in Russian language lessons and in Russian language and speech culture lessons.

Word stress is the emphasis of one of the syllables of a non-monosyllabic word. With the help of stress, part of the sound chain is combined into a single whole - a phonetic word.

Russian verbal stress is free, that is, not assigned to a syllable specific by location: children, sit, carnation, general, etc.

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Slide captions:

Let's consider
this is based on specific examples.
1. Due to the fact that Russian stress is variable and mobile, pairs of words can arise in which one carries normative stress and is used in a literary language, and the other has stress found in professional speech, for example:
alcohol
O
l –
A
alcohol
, spr
And
tsy –
syringe
s
(from doctors);
To
O
mpas –
computer
A
With
(for sailors);
ext
s
cha
–
d
O
bull
, rudn
And
To -
R
at
day
(among miners);
chassis
And
–
w
A
ssi
(for pilots);
And
skra –
sparks
A
(at the drivers).
5. You should remember the correct pronunciation of well-known proper names, such as
WITH
e
rgy R
A
Donezhsky, Salvad
O
r Dal
And
, Picasse
O
, Alex
And
th, Falcon
O
v-Mikit
O
V,
Balash
And
Ha
, Vel
And
cue
U
Stug, K
And
zhi, Stavrop
O
Lsky region, Nikar
A
gua, Per
at
, Queb
e
k, s
And
days, Sri Lanka
A

etc.
A word can consist of one or more syllables, one syllable in a word is stressed, the rest are unstressed.
Distinguish
verbal
And

phrasal
(boolean)

emphasis
(belongs to intonation, being part of it).
Difficulties and features of Russian accent
The features (and difficulties) of Russian accent include:
1
non-fixity

And
mobility,
2
) the presence of professional and stylistically colored types of pronunciation of words,
3
) presence of accentological
options,
4
) fluctuations in setting
accents,
5
) emphasis in proper names, etc.
4. In many words today they are observed
fluctuations in stress placement:
j
And
nasovy –
jeans
O
vyy
, metallurgist
And
I -
metal
at
rgy
, according to
O
lnam –
waves
A
m
, P
e
aphid –
loop
I
, With
A
zhen –
soot
e
no
.
However, in the overwhelming majority of cases in common nouns, only one pronunciation option is normative:
agron
O
miya, alphav
And
t, points
A
t, shafts
O
th, religions
e
tribute, citizen
A
nststvo, def
And
s, dispensary
e
r, blinds
And
, manager
And
bottom, from
s
sk, isch
e
sleep, roll
O
g, k
at
hone, garbage chute
O
d, us
e
thinking, providing
e
nie, make it easier
And
t, wholesale
O
vyy, p
A
restless, anticipating
And
tit, prin
at
dit, concentrate
O
reading, Wed
e
dstva, table
I
r, deepen
And
ugh, stolen
And
English, ex.
O
hair dryer
O
men, move
A
mystery, prices
A
I, Christians
And
n, shav
e
l, exp
e
rt.
Features of Russian accent
Emphasizing a word in a speech beat with a stronger emphasis to emphasize its special meaning is called
logical (phrasal)

accent
. Any word in speech can carry logical stress.
3. B
In Russian there are words with so-called double stress, this
accentological options
. Sometimes they
equal rights
, For example:
pizza
e
Riya
And
pizza maker
And
I.
But more often than not, one option becomes preferable to the other. For example:
creation
O
g – main (preferred) option, TV
O
horn – additional;
no cottage cheese
A
– no TV
O
horns (add.);
T
e
fteli –
teft
e
whether
(extra);
And
squeaky –
sparks
And
sty
(extra);
LOL
A
vet –
rusty
e
t
(extra);
To
And
rza –
kerz
A
(extra);
b
A
rust -
barge
A
(extra);
cooking –
cooking
(extra)
Usually words in Russian have one accent. However, a large number of two and three syllable words that are quite long have 2 or 3 stresses. The last of them is main and full-fledged, the rest are additional (side stress): yellow
e
Znodor
O
soft, mash
And
nostro
e
nie,
A
erof
O
tos
e
mka.
Stress in Russian can perform semantic and grammatical functions. It helps to differentiate
homonyms
(words of different meanings, identical in spelling, but not in pronunciation):
And
rice -
ir
And
With
, s
A
mok –
deputy
O
To
, torment
A
–
m
at
ka
,
at
naked –
yy
O
linen
,
A
tlas –
atl
A
With
, hl
O
pok –
clap
O
To
,
O
rgan –
org
A
n
. Incorrect placement of stress entails a distortion of meaning. Compare: ice
And
k (in the mountains) – l
e
day (cellar); P
A
rip (turnip) – steam
And
t (in the clouds);
naked
O
hold checkers) – n
A
golo (cut);
view
e
tion
(ghost) - in
And
view (point of view); proclus
I
thy (hated) – pr
O
cursed (cursed)
);
languages
A
I
(preparation) – language
O
vaya (sausage); busy
O
th (person) – z
A
rented (house).
Remember!
Professional, colloquial and obsolete options are not normative.
Word stress
- this is the selection of one of the syllables
non-monosyllabic
words. With the help of stress, part of the sound chain is combined into a single whole -
phonetic word
.
Russian word stress is
free
, that is, not assigned to a syllable specific by location: d
e
you, sid
e
ugh, nail
And
ka, general
A
l, etc.
2. Words belonging to different styles of speech (colloquial, neutral, bookish) have different stress:
cl
A
cemetery (
neutral
.) –
cemetery
And
more
(obsolete,
poetic
.);
dev
And
tsa (
neutral
.) –
d
e
Vitsa
folk-poetic
.);
w
e
fork (
neutral
.) –
silk
O
vyy
folk-poetic
.);
St.
e
cla (
neutral
.) –
beets
A
(simple);
m
at
language (
neutral
.) –
muses
s
ka
(obsolete)
Remember!

Oil
- (
trumpet
-,
gas
-) prov
O
d
(action name), but:
etc
O
water
(wire).
Among the compound words there are also single-stressed ones:
self
I
body,

interrepublics
A
English, in
And
tse-prem
e
R
and etc.